{{Short description|Singaporean company}} {{Infobox company | name = Haw Par Corporation | logo = Haw Par logo.png | logo_size = 180px | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | logo_padding = | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | type = public | traded_as = {{sgx|H02}} | industry = | founded = {{start date and age|1969|7|18|df=yes}} | founder = Aw Cheng Chye and family member | former_name = Haw Par Brothers International | predecessor = {{bullet list|Eng Aun Tong|Haw Par Brothers (Private)}} | hq_location = | hq_location_city = | hq_location_country = | area_served = | num_locations = | num_locations_year = | num_employees = | num_employees_year = | key_people = {{ubl|{{wd-chairperson}}|{{wd-ceo}}}} | brands = {{ubl|Tiger|Tiger Balm|Kwan Loong}} | products= | services = | revenue = {{increase}} S$202 million | revenue_year = 2016 | operating_income = {{decrease}} S$137 million | income_year = 2016 | net_income = {{decrease}} S$125 million | net_income_year = 2016 | assets = {{decrease}} S$2.636 billion | assets_year = 2016 | equity = {{decrease}} S$2.476 billion | equity_year = 2016 | owner = Wee Cho Yaw family (35.86%) | parent = | subsid = Haw Par Healthcare | rating = | website = {{official url}} | footnotes = in consolidated financial statement<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ir.listedcompany.com/tracker.pl?type=5&id=87762&m=bcf9903ec26cb161a24602dffad43b8dd0136530093febfa6a636d5c53464c1e&redirect=http%3A%2F%2Fhawpar.listedcompany.com%2Fmisc%2Far2016.pdf|title=2016 Annual Report|date=28 March 2017|access-date=9 October 2017|publisher=Haw Par Corporation}}</ref>}} {{Infobox Chinese|title=Haw Par Corporation Limited|t=虎豹企業有限公司|s=虎豹企业有限公司|poj=Hó͘-pà Khì-gia̍p Iú-hān Kong-si|j=Fu2 Paau3 Kei5 Jip6 Jau5 Haan6 Gung1 Si1|altname=Haw Par Brothers International Limited|t2=虎豹兄弟國際有限公司|poj2=Hó͘-pà Hiaⁿ-tī Kok-chè Iú-hān Kong-si|j2=Fu2 Paau3 Hing1 Dai6 Gwok3 Zai3 Jau5 Haan6 Gung1 Si1}} {{Infobox Chinese|title=Eng Aun Tong|t=永安堂|poj=Éng-an-tông|j=Wing5 On1 Tong4}} {{Infobox Chinese|title=Tiger Balm|t=虎標|poj=Hó͘-phiau|j=Fu2 Biu1|l=Tiger Brand}} {{Infobox Chinese|title=Kwan Loong|t=均隆|poj=Kun-liông|j=Gwan1 Lung4}}
'''Haw Par Corporation Limited''' is a Singaporean company involved in healthcare, pharmaceuticals, leisure products, property and investment. It is the company responsible for Tiger Balm branded liniment (ointment). Its brands also included Kwan Loong and it also owns and operates weekend and leisure time destinations such as oceanariums.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leisure - Haw Par|url=https://www.hawpar.com/our-businesses/leisure.html|website=www.hawpar.com|access-date=2020-05-23}}</ref>
The Haw Par Group owns two oceanariums: the now-defunct Underwater World oceanarium attraction at Sentosa, Singapore, and Underwater World Pattaya in Thailand.<ref>{{cite web |title=Leisure - Haw Par |url=https://www.hawpar.com/our-businesses/leisure.html |publisher=Haw Par Corporation Limited |access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref>
==History== ===Predecessors=== thumb|Eng Aun Tong Building in Guangzhou, circa 1939. It was nationalized by the People's Republic of China in 1949. The predecessor of Haw Par Corporation, Eng Aun Tong, was founded by Aw Chu Kin, father of Aw Boon Haw and Boon Par brothers. Eng Aun Tong was then relocated to Singapore and expanded its branch to many Chinese communities in Asia. Aw Boon Haw also built Haw Par Villas in Hong Kong, Singapore and in Yongding District, Longyan, China. A private company, Haw Par Brothers (Private) Limited was incorporated in 1932<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipd.gov.hk/eng/intellectual_property/trademarks/trademarks_decisions/decision/DEC199105929OP_EN.pdf|title=Application No. 5929/91: In the Matter of the Trademarks Ordinance (Cap. 43) and In the Matter of an application for registration of the Trademark AND....|date=30 April 1996|access-date=9 October 2017|publisher=Intellectual Property Department |location=Hong Kong}}</ref> as a holding company for a vast majority of the family assets.
===Establishment, IPO and family dispute=== '''Haw Par Brothers International Limited''' was incorporated on 18 July 1969 by the Aw family (descendant of the late Aw Boon Haw and Boon Par brothers), in order to list most of the assets of Haw Par Brothers (Private) Limited on the Stock Exchange of Malaysia and Singapore.<ref name=Prospectus/> The assets included the brand Eng Aun Tong and Tiger Balm for liniment products, Sin Poh (Star News) Amalgamated that publishes newspaper in Singapore and Malaysia (the latter assets were split into part of what is now SPH Media for Singaporean branch and Media Chinese International for Malaysian branch), as well as subsidiaries in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Thailand.{{#tag:ref|Haw Par Brothers (Hong Kong) Limited, Haw Par Brothers Eng Aun Tong (Taiwan) Limited and Haw Par Brothers (Thailand) Limited respectively|group="nb"}}<ref name=Prospectus/> The company also owned an equity investment in Chung Khiaw Bank ({{zh|t=祟僑銀行}}), as well as a lease contract that signed between Haw Par Brothers International and Haw Par Brothers (Private), to use the Tiger Balm Gardens in Hong Kong and Singapore that were owned by the latter.<ref name=Prospectus>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19691112-1.1.6|title=Prospectus|author=Haw Par Brothers International|work=The Straits Times|date=12 November 1969|pages=6 to 7|location=Singapore|access-date=8 October 2017|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> The shares started to trade in the exchange in November 1969.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19691112-1.2.133|title=Shares slightly off on last sales|date=12 November 1969|access-date=8 October 2017|work=The Straits Times|location=Singapore|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/nysp19691115-1.2.33.15|title=虎豹兄弟週一掛牌|date=15 November 1969|access-date=9 October 2017|work=Nanyang Siang Pau|location=Singapore|language=zh|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref>
The listed company made a major disinvestment in 1970, selling Hong Kong Eng Aun Tong building located in Wan Chai Road for HK$2.8 million, in order to raise fund the Hong Kong subsidiary for other investment.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/nysp19700715-1.2.39.3|title=虎豹兄弟國際賣出灣仔產業得利一百五十餘萬港元|date=15 July 1970|access-date=9 October 2017|work=Nanyang Siang Pau|location=Singapore|language=zh|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> Nevertheless, the actual price was disputed, as the buyer told the press in Hong Kong another figure.<ref name=chairman/>
However, a year after IPO, Aw family sold the controlling stake of the family to Slater Walker,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19710611-1.2.89.2|title=Untitled|date=11 June 1971|access-date=7 October 2017|work=The Straits Times|location=Singapore|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> At the same time Sin Poh (Star News) Amalgamated was privatized by Aw Cheng Chye ({{zh|t=胡清才}}), eldest son of the late Aw Boon Par.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/nysp19710613-1.2.13.10|title=星系報業屬下三家報完全歸胡氏家族所有史勒特華克並未取得擁有權|date=13 June 1971|access-date=7 October 2017|work=Nanyang Siang Pau|location=Singapore|language=zh|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> Aw Cheng Chye also bought back some of the shares from Slater Walker.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/nysp19710616-1.2.18.12|title=胡清才向史勒特華克公司購回一千五百二十萬股份|date=16 June 1971|access-date=9 October 2017|work=Nanyang Siang Pau|location=Singapore|language=zh|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> Haw Par Brothers International also sold 49.8% stake of Chung Khiaw Bank to United Overseas Bank for S$22 million.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/nysp19710619-1.2.11.5|title=大華銀行經已取得 崇僑銀行平衡股權 虎豹出售股權値二千二百萬元|date=19 June 1971|access-date=11 October 2017|work=Nanyang Siang Pau|location=Singapore|language=zh|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> Aw Cheng Chye was also re-elected as the chairman of Haw Par Brothers International despite the takeover.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/nysp19710605-1.2.21.2|title=拿督胡清才博士續任虎豹兄弟國際有限公司主席|date=5 June 1971|access-date=8 October 2017|work=Nanyang Siang Pau|location=Singapore|language=zh|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> After the sudden death of Aw Cheng Chye during a trip in Santiago de Chile in August 1971,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/nysp19710830-1.2.13.15|title=星系報業暨虎豹兄弟公司主席胡淸才靈柩運返星 下月一日發引還山 李總理特函胡夫人致唁|date=30 August 1971|access-date=8 October 2017|work=Nanyang Siang Pau|location=Singapore|language=zh|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> as well as re-election of the board of directors, it was reported that the listed company was chaired by Richard Tarling<ref name=1971agm>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/nysp19710916-1.2.41.12|title=虎豹兄弟國際公司舉行常年股東大會新主席李查塔寧報告業務|date=16 September 1971|access-date=10 October 2017|work=Nanyang Siang Pau|language=zh|location=Singapore|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref><ref name=chairman>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation19710917-1.2.26|title=Haw Par chief queried on sale accounts|date=17 September 1971|access-date=9 October 2017|work=New Nation|location=Singapore|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> while Haw Par Brothers (Private) Limited was chaired by Aw It Haw ({{zh|t=胡一虎}}), the fourth and the first biological son of the late Aw Boon Haw.<ref name=1971agm/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/lhzb19830601-1.2.15.6|title=胡文虎在福建遗产获归还 和中国联络前胡一虎不愿置评|date=1 June 1983|access-date=9 October 2017|work=Lianhe Zaobao|publisher=Singapore News and Publications|location=Singapore|language=zh|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref>
Aw Kow ({{zh|t=胡蛟}}), the eldest (adopted) son of the late Aw Boon Haw, who resigned as the director of Sin Poh (Star News) Amalgamated and the managing director of ''Sin Chew Jit Poh'' in May 1971<ref name=NN1971>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation19710723-1.2.45|title=The Aw family|work=New Nation|location=Singapore|date=23 July 1971|access-date=6 October 2017|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation19710728-1.2.25|title=Still a director|date=28 July 1971|work=New Nation|access-date=8 October 2017|location=Singapore|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> due to his personal investment in ''Eastern Sun'', also sued Haw Par Brothers (Private) Limited in 1972 for blocking him to read its accounts and financial statements, claiming under the late Aw Cheng Chye, the company allowed personal spending of Aw Cheng Chye, was invoiced by the company itself.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/nysp19720912-1.2.16.1|title=胡蛟向高等法院請求發出命令禁止虎豹私人公司阻礙檢查賬目紀錄原告律師指故胡清才在任期問濫用職權利用公款充私人用途|date=12 September 1972|access-date=9 October 2017|work=Nanyang Siang Pau|location=Singapore|language=zh|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> The lawsuit was settled in 1977, in favour Aw Kow.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation19770223-1.2.3|title=Aw suit settled|date=23 February 1977|access-date=10 October 2017|work=New Nation|location=Singapore|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref>
In the autobiography ''Escape from Paradise'' by John & May Chu Harding, they also claimed that Aw Cheng Chye's decision to make Haw Par Brothers International public, was against the wish of the part of the Aw family.<ref name=book>{{cite book|title=Escape from Paradise: From Third World to First|first1=John|last1=Harding|first2=May Chu|last2=Lee|publisher=IDKPress|date=2001|location=Phoenix|isbn=0-9710929-0-7}}</ref>{{rp|42}} May Chu Harding, ''née'' Lee, was the great-granddaughter of Aw Boon Par, or granddaughter of Lee Chee Shan and Aw Cheng Hu.<ref name=book/>{{rp|18}} Lee Chee Shan was the president of Chung Khiaw Bank in 1971.<ref name=NN1971/>
Under Aw Cheng Chye as chairman, Haw Par Brothers (Private) also attempted to sell Tiger Balm Garden of Hong Kong in 1961;<ref name=garden1961>{{cite news|title=新聞人物胡一虎接見記者|date=24 October 1961|page=6|work=Ta Kung Pao|location=Hong Kong|via=Hong Kong Public Libraries|language=zh}}</ref> the last piece of the garden was sold to Cheung Kong in 1998 and the main building of the mansion was donated to the Hong Kong Government.
===Expansion under Slater Walker=== After Haw Par Brothers International was taken over by Slater Walker in June 1971, the new owner changed Haw Par Brothers International from a family-held business into a true business enterprise.<ref name="Pangarkar (2015)">{{Cite journal|last=Pangarkar|first=Nitin|date=2016|title=Investing in Durable Assets to Achieve Superior Performance: Restoring Tiger Balm's Roar|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/joe.21651|journal=Global Business and Organizational Excellence|language=en|volume=35|issue=2|pages=6–17|doi=10.1002/joe.21651|issn=1932-2062|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Slater Walker also sold 20% stake of Haw Par Brothers International to Slater Walker's associate company Australian Industrial and Mining Corporation (Austim) in November 1971, as well as a second listing of Haw Par Brothers International on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19711111-1.2.90.8|title=Austim buys stake in Haw Par|date=11 November 1971|access-date=9 October 2017|work=The Straits Times|location=Singapore|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> and in the London Stock Exchange.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation19711217-1.2.86.1|title=Shares in Haw Par may be traded in London soon|date=17 December 1971|access-date=9 October 2017|work=New Nation|location=London|publication-place=Singapore|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19711218-1.2.143.12|title=Haw Par shares|date=18 December 1971|access-date=9 October 2017|location=Singapore|work=The Straits Times|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> Austim sold 55% stake of Motor and General Investment Underwriters Holdings Singapore to Haw Par Brothers International in August 1971.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110672489|title=Austim sells interest to Haw Par|work=The Canberra Times|date=6 August 1971|access-date=9 October 2017|via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> It was announced that the Holdings would purchase a Singapore construction company Scott & English ({{zh|t=錦泰}}) in September 1971.<ref name=1971agm/>
In January 1972, after the resignation of both Lee Aik Sim (Lee Santipongchai, {{zh|t=李益森}}), and his wife Aw Cheng Sin (Suri Santipongchai, {{zh|t=胡清心}}), the daughter of late Aw Boon Par as the directors of Haw Par Brothers (Thailand)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/nysp19720112-1.2.16.10|title=虎豹兄弟國際公司宣佈委任三位新董事繼承辭職者遺缺|date=12 January 1972|access-date=9 October 2017|work=Nanyang Siang Pau|location=Singapore|language=zh|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> the subsidiary was sold in the same month to Jack Chia ({{zh|t=謝志正}}).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19720125-1.2.121|title=A [S]$630,000 takeover|date=25 January 1972|access-date=9 October 2017|work=The Straits Times|location=Singapore|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/nysp19720128-1.2.20.28|title=謝志正收購泰國虎豹兄弟公司|date=28 January 1972|access-date=9 October 2017|work=Nanyang Siang Pau|location=Singapore|language=zh|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> Jack Chia and Haw Par Brothers International also formed a joint venture, which the joint venture have the rights to use "Tiger Balm" brand. In March 1972 Haw Par Brothers International acquired fellow pharmaceutical company in Chinese medicines, Hong Kong listed company Kwan Loong & Co.,<ref name=KwanLoong/> However, Slater Walker turned the Hong Kong company into an investment vehicle in financial market, which was known as Slater Walker Securities (Hong Kong).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hongkongcompanieslist.com/haw-par-brothers-international-hk-limited-hkpxhke/|title=haw-par-brothers-international-hk-limited-hkpxhke list|website=www.hongkongcompanieslist.com|access-date=2017-10-11|archive-date=2017-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011233418/https://www.hongkongcompanieslist.com/haw-par-brothers-international-hk-limited-hkpxhke/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In April 1972, Haw Par Brothers International made a strategic investment on a property on 302 Orchard Road.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/nysp19720428-1.2.39.6|title=虎豹兄弟國際有限公司購買烏節路四層樓大廈|date=28 April 1972|orig-year=Written on 27 April 1972|access-date=9 October 2017|work=Nanyang Siang Pau|location=Singapore|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref>
In 1973 the company expanded to Japan<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/nysp19730108-1.2.36.3|title=虎豹兄弟國際公司宣佈在港設一新公司計劃將業務擴展至日本|date=8 January 1973|orig-year=Written on 7 January 1973|access-date=9 October 2017|work=Nanyang Siang Pau|location=Singapore|via=Singapore National Library|language=zh}}</ref> as well as bought 29% stake of a London-listed company London Tin Corporation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19730519-1.2.84.1.10.1|title=Haw Par clinches $83 mil deal|date=19 May 1973|access-date=9 October 2017|work=The Straits Times|location=Singapore|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/nysp19730520-1.2.53.4|title=虎豹兄弟國際公司出高價收購倫敦錫礦公司|date=20 May 1973|orig-year=Written on 18 May 1973|location=London|access-date=9 October 2017|work=Nanyang Siang Pau|publication-place=Singapore|language=zh|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> Haw Par Brothers International financed the deal by a proposed recapitalization.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation19730612-1.2.57.4|title=EGM to decide on Haw Par acquisition|date=12 June 1973|access-date=9 October 2017|work=The Straits Times|location=Singapore|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> The stake was sold in 1976 and the sub-holding company that Haw Par Brothers International established in London, was sold in 1982.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/biztimes19820409-1.2.45|title=Haw Par Brothers Sells London Unit|date=9 April 1982|access-date=9 October 2017|work=Business Times|location=Singapore|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19820412-1.2.51.6|title=Haw Par forges ahead with rationalisation|date=12 April 1982|access-date=9 October 2017|work=The Straits Times|location=Singapore|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref>
===Collapse of Slater Walker=== The parent company Slater Walker was collapsed after the secondary banking crisis of 1973–75; the company was bailed out by the Bank of England.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk./about/information/foi_disclosures/2005/foi_slater_walker_2005.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611085419/http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk./about/information/foi_disclosures/2005/foi_slater_walker_2005.cfm|title=The provision of financial assistance to Slater Walker Bank in 1975|date=23 September 2005|orig-year=originally written in 1975–1977|archive-date=11 June 2007|access-date=29 October 2017|publisher=HM Treasury|location=London}}</ref> For Haw Par Brothers International itself, financial irregularities were exposed, for which former chairman Tarling was jailed for 6 months in 1979.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation19800324-1.2.4|title=Tarling released|date=24 March 1980|access-date=29 October 2017|newspaper=New Nation|location=Singapore|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> Since 13 December 1978, the company has been chaired by Singaporean banker, Wee Cho Yaw.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wee Cho Yaw takes over the reins of Haw Par|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/biztimes19781214-1.2.8|access-date=2021-03-08|website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg|language=en-SG}}</ref> As of 30 March 2020, Wee, through his family investment vehicle, owns 36.23% of the company's shares.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Howie|first=Geoff|date=30 March 2020|title=Wee Investments up UOL, Haw Par stakes|url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/wee-investments-up-uol-haw-par-stakes|access-date=2021-03-08|website=www.businesstimes.com.sg}}</ref>
==Subsidiaries, brands and products== Kwan Loong ({{zh|t=均隆}}) originated from a different listed company of the same name (Kwan Loong & Co., {{zh|t=均隆號}}), which was acquired in March 1972.<ref name=KwanLoong>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/nysp19720303-1.2.40.8.1|title=虎豹兄弟國際公司與香港均隆簽協議購買均隆股票七百萬股從而取得該號之控制權|date=3 March 1972|access-date=11 October 2017|language=zh|work=Nanyang Siang Pau|location=Singapore|via=Singapore National Library}}</ref> It produces medicated oil, specifically {{lang|zh|驅風油}}, literally "oil that expels headaches."{{#tag:ref|Word for word, {{zh|t=風}} means wind, but {{zh|t=頭風|l="head wind"}} means headache; a less frequent usage was {{zh|t=肚風|l="stomach wind"}}, describing not feeling well in the stomach. However, Kwan Loong and another maker of {{lang|zh|驅風油}} claimed other medical applications of the oil, such as dizziness<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kwanloongoil.com/benefits.htm|title=Kwan Loong|website=www.kwanloongoil.com}}</ref> and giddiness;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.axebrand.com.sg/detail/axe-brand-universal-oil|title=Leung Kai Fook - Axe Brand Universal Oil|website=www.axebrand.com.sg}}</ref> other companies translated the oil as "universal oil", such as the oil made by Axe Brand Universal Oil.|group="nb"}} Earlier medicated oil products, such as Axe Brand Universal Oil translated the oil as "universal oil" (in that the ointment could be used for a wide variety of ailments).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Axe Brand Universal Oil – Leung Kai Fook |url=https://axebrand.com.sg/axe-brand-universal-oil/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Gallery== <gallery class="center" mode="packed" heights="150px"> File:89 Neil Road, Singapore - 20121013.jpg|Former Eng Aun Tong in Singapore. Photographed in 2012 File:廈門永安堂 1930年代.jpg|Eng Aun Tong Building in Xiamen, c. 1930s. It was nationalized by the PRC in 1949 File:Eng Aun Tong advertisement 1930s.jpg|1930s Eng Aun Tong ad File:Sin Chew Jit Poh 1.JPG|First issue of ''Sin Chew Jit Poh'' in 1929. ''Sin Chew Jit Poh'' was the product of Haw Par Brothers International from 1969 to 1971 </gallery>
==Footnotes== {{reflist|group=nb}}
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== * {{Official website}}
Category:1969 establishments in Singapore Category:Conglomerate companies of Singapore Category:Companies formerly listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange Category:Companies listed on the Singapore Exchange Category:Pharmaceutical companies of Singapore Category:Aw family Category:Family-owned companies of Singapore Category:Singaporean companies established in 1969 Category:Pharmaceutical companies established in 1969