Energy in Slovakia

{{Short description|none}}  [[File:Ižkovce Gas pipeline - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Ižkovce Gas pipeline - panoramio]] Primary energy use in Slovakia was 194 TWh and 36 TWh per million inhabitants in 2009.<ref name=IEA2010>[http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2010/key_stats_2010.pdf IEA Key energy statistics 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011091637/http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2010/key_stats_2010.pdf |date=2010-10-11 }} Page: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48</ref>

==Statistics== {| |+'''2020 energy statistics'''<ref name="wor20">{{cite web |title=Energy consumption in Slovakia |url=https://www.worlddata.info/europe/slovakia/energy-consumption.php |date=2020}}</ref> | {|class=wikitable |+Production capacities for electricity (billion kWh) !Type!!Amount |- |Nuclear||38.18 |- |Fossil fuel||13.58 |- |Hydro||11.58 |- |Biomass||3.86 |- |Wind power||1.90 |- |Solar||1.65 |- !Total!!65.75 |} |width=15em|      |valign=top| {|class=wikitable |+Electricity (billion kWh) !Category!!Amount |- |Consumption||26.50 |- |Production||27.77 |- |Import||13.29 |- |Export||12.97 |} |width=15em|      |valign=top| {|class=wikitable |+Natural Gas (billion m3) |Consumption||4.93 |- |Production||0.01 |- |Import||4.36 |} |width=15em|      |valign=top| {|class=wikitable |+Crude Oil{{Disputed-inline|date=January 2026}} (barrels per day) |Consumption||85,200 |- |Production||3,800 |- |Import||109,800 |- |Export||100 |}

'''CO2 emissions:''' 29.04 million tons |}

==Energy plan== Slovakia has a plan to get renewable sources of energy up to 19.2% by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovak National Energy and Climate Plan |url=https://www.iea.org/policies/7963-slovak-national-energy-and-climate-plan |date=28 February 2022}}</ref>

==Energy types== From 2024, following the completion of two new nuclear reactors, Slovakia will return to being a net exporter of electricity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mochovce 3 output increased to 55% |url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Mochovce-3-output-increased-to-55 |date=31 March 2023}}</ref>

===Fossil fuels=== [[File:Slovakia electricity production.svg|thumb|Slovakia electricity production by source|300px]] ==== Oil==== [[Slovnaft]] is the largest [[oil refinery]] in [[Slovakia]].

In 2022 Slovakia sought to reduce its reliance on oil from Russia.

====Natural gas ==== [[Slovenský plynárenský priemysel]] (Slovak Gas Industry, SPP) is the main natural gas supplier in Slovakia.

In 2022 Slovakia sought to reduce its reliance on natural gas from Russia, which was supplying 81% in 2020.

In order to lower reliance, a gas pipeline interconnector with neighbouring [[Poland]] was completed by August 2022 and put into operation in a bilateral opening ceremony on the 26 August 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Construction of Poland – Slovakia Gas Interconnector completed (English version of article) |url=https://www.eustream.sk/en/about-us/press/news/dokoncenie-vystavby-prepojovacieho-plynovodu-polsko-slovensko.html |website=eustream.sk |publisher=EUstream.sk |date=26 August 2022 |access-date=27 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=GAZ SYSTEM: Construction of Poland – Slovakia gas interconnector completed |url=https://www.gaz-system.pl/en/for-media/press-releases/2022/august/26-08-2022-gaz-system-construction-of-poland-slovakia-gas-interconnector-completed.html |website=gaz-system.pl |publisher=GAZ-System.pl |date=26 August 2022 |access-date=27 November 2024}}</ref>

In 2024, SPP entered into a short-term pilot contract to buy [[Natural gas in Azerbaijan|natural gas from Azerbaijan]] to reduce the impact of the Ukrainian closure of the pipeline for Russian supplies in 2025. Transfer will be by the [[Trans-Balkan pipeline]], or possibly via Russia and the [[TurkStream]] pipeline across the [[Black Sea]], then Turkey, Bulgaria, Serbia and Hungary. The contract could be extended into a longer-term deal.<ref name=reuters-20241113>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/slovakias-spp-signs-pilot-deal-azerbaijani-gas-2024-11-13/ |title=Slovakia's SPP signs pilot deal for Azerbaijani gas |last1=Hovet |first1=Jason |last2=Astakhova |first2=Olesya |publisher=Reuters |url-access=limited |date=13 November 2024 |access-date=14 January 2025}}</ref>

====Coal==== Two coal power stations were operated in Slovakia until 2024, with the power station at Nováky closing in 2023, and the [[Vojany Power Station|power station]] at [[Vojany]] ceasing production in spring 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovakia presses ahead with coal phase out as solution to energy crisis |url=https://beyondfossilfuels.org/2022/05/12/slovakia-presses-ahead-with-coal-phase-out-as-solution-to-energy-crisis/ |date=12 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vojany power plant ceases to produce electricity |url=https://enrsi.rtvs.sk/articles/topical-issue/358200/vojany-power-plant-ceases-to-produce-electricity |publisher=Radio Slovakia International, Radio and Television Slovakia (Rozhlas a Televízia Slovenska), public broadcaster official news website |date=27 March 2024 |access-date=27 November 2024}}</ref> Slovakia currently does not have thermal powerplants in operation and relies on nuclear power generation and power generation from renewables.<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovakia about to lose its coal-fired plants, locations for nuclear reactors discussed |url=https://spectator.sme.sk/business/c/slovakia-about-to-close-its-coal-fired-plants |publisher=The Slovak Spectator |date=22 November 2023 |access-date=27 November 2024}}</ref>

===Nuclear Energy=== {{main|Nuclear energy in Slovakia}} There are five operating reactors in two powerplants. [[Bohunice Nuclear Power Plant]], with two reactors dating from the 1980s, and three reactors at [[Mochovce Nuclear Power Plant]]), with two from the 1990s and the 3rd being commissioned in January 2023. Total electricity generation from nuclear sources in 2020 was 15.4 TWh. One additional reactor is near completion at Mochovce.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nuclear Power in Slovakia |url=https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/slovakia.aspx |date=August 2023}}</ref>

===Renewable energy === [[File:Slovakia renewable electricity production.svg|thumb|Slovakia renewable electricity production by source|300px]]

{|class=wikitable |+Years in which the last three renewable power levels achieved |- !Achievement!!Year !!Achievement!!Year !!Achievement!!Year |- | 5% || 2001|| 10% || 2009 ||15% || 2019<ref name="wor20"/> |- |} Renewable energy includes wind, solar, biomass and geothermal energy sources.

==== Wind power ==== At the end of 2022, [[wind power]] capacity in Slovakia constituted 3 MW, a number that has not changed since 2010. In the National Energy and Climate Plan the Government plans to build 500 MW of wind power by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovakia has excellent wind conditions but must remove barriers to wind energy |url=https://windeurope.org/newsroom/news/slovakia-has-excellent-wind-conditions-but-must-remove-barriers-to-wind-energy/ |date=8 December 2022}}</ref>

====Solar power ==== In 2023 Slovakia had 840 MW of installed solar power capacity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inštalovaný výkon solárnych elektrární sa vlani na Slovensku zvýšil takmer o polovicu |url=https://www.trend.sk/spravy/instalovany-vykon-solarnych-elektrarni-vlani-slovensku-zvysil-takmer-polovicu |access-date=12 November 2024}}</ref>

====Biomass==== Biomass provides around 4% of electricity generation capacity.

===Hydro power=== There is hydropower potential in the [[Váh]] and [[Orava (river)|Orava]] rivers (before Starý Hrad, and after Kráľoviansky Meander, Oravka tunnel), with hydroelectric powerplants over 30 MW as extremely profitable (for low cost/installed MW).

==Emissions and climate change== {{Update section|date=June 2025 |reason=newer data needed (newer than 2007, almost two decades old, not the latest)}} Emissions of [[carbon dioxide]] in total, per capita in 2007 were 6.8 tons CO2 compared to EU 27 average 7.9 tons {{CO2}}. Emission change 2007/1990 (%) was -35.1%. In Europe in 2007 the Slovak emissions of [[carbon dioxide]] per capita (6.8 tons CO2) were higher than in Hungary 5.4, Sweden 5.1, Portugal 5.2 or Switzerland 5.6 and lower than in Czech Republic 11.8, Luxembourg 22.4, Finland 12.2, Netherlands 11.1, Germany 9.7 or Ireland 10.1<ref>[http://webbshop.cm.se/System/TemplateView.aspx?p=Energimyndigheten&view=default&cat=/Broschyrer&id=e0a2619a83294099a16519a0b5edd26f Energy in Sweden 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016045634/http://webbshop.cm.se/System/TemplateView.aspx?p=Energimyndigheten&view=default&cat=%2FBroschyrer&id=e0a2619a83294099a16519a0b5edd26f |date=October 16, 2013 }}, Table 1: Emissions of carbon dioxide in total, per capita and per GDP in EU and OECD countries, 2007</ref>

1990 emissions were 74 Mt {{CO2}} eq. The [[Kyoto protocol]] target is reduction of 6 Mt (-8%).<ref>[http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/publications/reports/20110909_ClimateReport.pdf Wind energy and EU climate policy Achieving 30% lower emissions by 2020] EWEA October 2011 p. 39</ref>

== See also == {{Commons category}} {{Portal|Energy|Slovakia}} * [[2009 Handlová mine blast]] * [[List of power stations in Slovakia]] * [[List of renewable energy topics by country|Renewable energy by country]] * [[Russia–Ukraine gas disputes]] * [[2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute]]

==References== <references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Slovakia}} [[Category:Energy in Slovakia| ]]