{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --> '''Energy in Monaco''' describes [[Energy industry|energy]] production, consumption and importation in the [[Monaco|Principality of Monaco]].
Monaco has no domestic sources of fossil fuels and relies entirely on imports of electricity, gas and fuels from [[France]]. Monaco's sole national power company is ''[[Société Monégasque de l'Electricité et du Gaz]]'' (SMEG, Monegasque Electricity and Gas Company), which operates the country's electric and gas grid and provides related services. SMEG is 60% owned by [[Engie]], 20% by the State of Monaco, 15% by [[Électricité de France|EDF]], and the rest by private investors.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shareholding|url=https://www.smeg.mc/en/who-are-we/who-are-we-section/l-actionnariat/l-actionnariat|access-date=2020-06-09|website=SMEG}}</ref> Although the country imports its gas and electricity from France, it operates a [[Waste-to-energy plant|waste-to-energy]] district heating and seawater pumping plant in [[Fontvieille, Monaco|Fontvieille]] called ''seaWergie'' which provides heating and cooling to homes and businesses in the quartier.<ref>{{Cite web|title=seaWergie, District heating and Cooling networks in Monaco|url=https://www.smeg.mc/en/who-are-we/nos-activites/chaud-froid-urbains/chaud-froid-urbains|access-date=2020-06-10|website=SMEG}}</ref>
Due to this importation and small size, key statistics do not list Monaco as separate country in carbon dioxide emissions. Instead the principality include its [[List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions|emissions in France's statistics]]. In 2018, the country used around 536,000 MWh of electricity, of which a majority of it was used tertiary services.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Distribution de l'Electricité|trans-title=Electricity Supply|url=https://www.smeg.mc/fr/qui-sommes-nous/nos-activites/distribution-de-l-electricite/distribution-de-l-electricite|access-date=2020-06-09|website=SMEG|language=fr}}</ref>
== History == The first and later sole electric plant was a [[gas-fired power plant]] built by the casino operator [[Société des bains de mer de Monaco|SBM]] at base of Fort Antoine in [[Monaco City|Monaco-Ville]]. It was later decommissioned in 1952 in agreement with France, over the nationalisation of the local [[Nice|Niçoise]] gas company EELV to create [[Gaz de France]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our history - The post-war period|url=https://www.smeg.mc/en/who-are-we/notre-histoire/apres-guerre/apres-guerre|access-date=2020-06-09|website=SMEG}}</ref>
== Kyoto Protocol == In December 2007 Monaco had underlined but not ratified the [[Kyoto Protocol]].<ref>[http://www.yle.fi/uutiset/ulkomaat/oikea/id76504.html Australia ratifioi Kioton sopimuksen] 3.12.2007 YLE {{in lang|fi}}</ref> In 2008 Monaco was - 4% from its Kyoto Protocol emission targets.<ref>Suomen kasvihuonekaasupäästöt 1990–2008, 3. korjattu painos Statistics Finland Katsauksia 2010/1, Ympäristö ja luonnonvarat http://www.tilastokeskus.fi/kasvihuonekaasut page 47{{in lang|fi}}</ref>
According to the National greenhouse gas inventory data for the period 1990–2006 UNFCCC 17 November 2008 page 16 the emissions change from 1990 to 2006 in Monaco was -13.1% as following (Gg {{CO2}} equivalent): * 1990: 108 * 1995: 115 * 2000: 120 * 2005: 104 * 2006: 94
== Monaco Declaration == On 30 January 2009 ocean scientists expressed their concern in Monaco about [[global warming]] and its consequences for the oceans. 150 leading scientists appealed to decision makers in "the Monaco Declaration" to restrict {{CO2}} emissions. Today's emissions could have dramatic consequences in the stocks of fish in a few decades, which would influence significantly both ocean biodiversity and also global food supply.<ref>[http://www.yle.fi/uutiset/luonto_ja_ymparisto/2009/01/tutkijoiden_hatahuuto_ilmastonmuutos_happamoittaa_meret_516308.html Tutkijoiden hätähuuto: Ilmastonmuutos happamoittaa meret] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415160601/http://yle.fi/uutiset/luonto_ja_ymparisto/2009/01/tutkijoiden_hatahuuto_ilmastonmuutos_happamoittaa_meret_516308.html |date=2009-04-15 }} YLE 31.01.2009 {{in lang|fi}}</ref>
==References== <references/>
== External links ==
* [https://www.smeg.mc/en/ SMEG] {{Monaco topics}} {{ Europe topic | Energy in}} {{Europe topic|Energy policy of}}
[[Category:Economy of Monaco]] [[Category:Energy by country]] [[Category:Energy in Europe by country]]