{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Encelia farinosa form.jpg |image_caption = ''Encelia farinosa'' near<br />Palm Springs, California |display_parents = 3 |taxon = Encelia |authority = Adans. |synonyms_ref = <ref name=u>[https://archive.today/20141121093801/http://dixon.iplantcollaborative.org/CompositaeWeb/default.aspx?Page=NameDetails&TabNum=0&NameId=4ffe6af5-8012-49fe-8779-d00f48c79003 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist ]</ref> |synonyms = * ''Armania'' <small>Bertero ex DC.</small> * ''Pallasia'' <small>L'Hér. ex L'Hér.</small> }} right|thumb|''Encelia californica''
'''''Encelia''''' is a genus of the plant family Asteraceae whose members are frequently called '''brittlebushes'''. It consists of shrubs (and one geophyte) of arid environments in southwestern North America and western South America.<ref name=j>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=111590 Flora of North America, ''Encelia'' Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 128. 1763. ]</ref>
All have n = 18 chromosomes. All the North American species are obligate outcrossers. In cultivation, the species readily form fertile F<sub>1</sub> hybrids, F<sub>2</sub>s, and backcrosses, but in natural areas of sympatry, F2s and backcrosses are absent or rare.
''Encelia'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the leaf miner ''Bucculatrix enceliae'' which feeds exclusively on ''Encelia farinosa''.
The phylogenetic sister group of ''Encelia'' is a clade comprising the genera ''Enceliopsis'' and ''Geraea''. The three genera are informally called the "Encelia alliance".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cpp.edu/~jcclark/encelia/ |title=Encelia and its relatives |access-date=2020-01-06 |archive-date=2021-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312210134/https://www.cpp.edu/~jcclark/encelia/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
''Encelia'' is named in honor of German biologist Christophorus Enzelius, 1517–1583.<ref name=j/>
;Species<ref name=u/><ref>[http://bonap.net/NAPA/TaxonMaps/Genus/County/Encelia Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps]</ref> *''Encelia actoni'' <small>Elmer</small> - California *''Encelia asperifolia'' <small>(S.F.Blake) C. Clark & Kyhos</small> - Baja California *''Encelia californica'' <small>Nutt.</small> - Baja California, Baja California Sur, California *''Encelia canescens'' <small>Lam.</small> - Peru, northern Chile, Bolivia *''Encelia conspersa'' <small>Benth.</small> - Baja California Sur *''Encelia densifolia'' <small>C.Clark & Kyhos</small> - Baja California Sur *''Encelia farinosa'' <small>Torr. & A.Gray var. ''farinosa''</small> - brittlebush - Baja California, Baja California Sur, California, Sonora, Sinaloa, Hidalgo, Arizona, Utah, Nevada *''Encelia frutescens'' <small>(A.Gray) A.Gray</small> - Arizona, California, Nevada, Baja California *''Encelia halimifolia'' <small>Cav.</small> - Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora *''Encelia hispida'' <small>Andersson</small> - Galápagos *''Encelia laciniata'' <small>Vasey & Rose</small> - Baja California, Baja California Sur *''Encelia nutans'' <small>Eastwood</small> - Utah, Colorado *''Encelia palmeri'' <small>Vasey & Rose</small> - Baja California Sur *''Encelia pilocarpa'' <small>Rubsy</small>- Bolivia *''Encelia pilosiflora'' <small>S.F.Blake</small> - Peru *''Encelia ravenii'' <small>Wiggins</small> - Baja California Sur *''Encelia resinifera'' <small>C. Clark</small> - Utah, Arizona *''Encelia scaposa'' <small>(A.Gray) A.Gray</small>- Chihuahua, Texas, New Mexico *''Encelia stenophylla'' <small>Greene</small> - Baja California, Baja California Sur *''Encelia ventorum'' <small>T.S Brandegee</small> - Baja California, Baja California Sur *''Encelia virginensis'' <small>A. Nels.</small> - California, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico
== References == {{Reflist}}
== Further reading == * {{cite journal |last1=Singhal |first1=Sonal |last2=Roddy |first2=Adam B. |last3=DiVittorio |first3=Christopher |last4=Sanchez-Amaya |first4=Ary |last5=Henriquez |first5=Claudia L. |last6=Brodersen |first6=Craig R. |last7=Fehlberg |first7=Shannon |last8=Zapata |first8=Felipe |title=Diversification, disparification and hybridization in the desert shrubs Encelia |journal=New Phytologist |date=May 2021 |volume=230 |issue=3 |pages=1228–1241 |doi=10.1111/nph.17212|pmid=33460447 }} *{{Commons category-inline|Encelia}} *{{Wikispecies-inline}}
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Category:Encelia Category:Asteraceae genera Category:Flora of California