{{Short description|Soviet politician (1888–1937)}} {{family name hatnote|Yonovych|Kviring|lang=Eastern Slavic}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Emanuel Kviring | native_name = | image = The Soviet Union 1988 CPA 5986 stamp (Birth centenary of Emanuel Kviring, Soviet politician and statesman).jpg | caption = 1988 Soviet stamp featuring Kviring | office = Leader of Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine | term_start2 = 23 October 1918 | term_end2 = 6 March 1919 | predecessor2 = Serafima Hopner | successor2 = Stanislav Kosior | term_start = 10 April 1923 | term_end = 7 April 1925 | predecessor = Dmitriy Manuilsky | successor = Lazar Kaganovich | birth_date = {{Birth date|1888|9|13|mf=y}} | birth_place = Novouzensky Uyezd, Samara Governorate, Russian Empire | death_date = {{death date and age|1937|11|26|1888|9|13|mf=y}} | death_place = Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union | alma_mater = Petersburg Politech | party = Socialist-Revolutionary Party (1906–1912) <br />RSDLP (Bolsheviks) {{nowrap|(1912–1918)}} <br />Russian Communist Party (1918–1937) | spouse = | children = }} '''Emanuel''' or '''Emmanuel Ionovich Kviring''' ({{langx|ru|Эммануил Ионович Квиринг}}; {{langx|uk|Емануіл Йонович Квірінг}}; 13 September 1888<ref>{{cite book |title=Pod znamenem leninizma |date=1989 |publisher=Radi︠a︡nsʹka Ukraïna |page=63 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OCnpmM_SGdkC&q=%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3+%2213+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F+1888+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%22 |access-date=20 December 2024 |language=ru}}</ref> – 26 November 1937)<ref>{{cite web |title=Расстрелы в Москве – Б |url=https://mos.memo.ru/shot-6.htm |website=mos.memo.ru |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> was a Soviet politician and statesman of Volga-German descent.

==Biography== Born into a German family in Friesenthal, in the Samara Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day {{ill|Novolipovka|ru|Новолиповка}}, Sovetsky District, Saratov Oblast), he became a socialist activist and politician (Socialist-Revolutionary Party from 1906 to 1912, and the Bolshevik Party beginning in 1912).<ref>{{cite web |title=КВІРІНГ ЕМАНУЇЛ ЙОНОВИЧ |url=http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Kviring_E |website=resource.history.org.ua |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref>

After World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution, he was a leader of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine (October 1918 – March 1919, and April 1923 – March 1925).<ref>{{cite web |title=Квиринг Эммануил Ионович |url=http://www.knowbysight.info/KKK/03112.asp |access-date=20 December 2024 |date=21 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521061438/http://www.knowbysight.info/KKK/03112.asp |archive-date=21 May 2018 }}</ref> Upon creation of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine in 1918, he became one of the leaders of the Yekaterinoslav wing of the party (Donets–Krivoi Rog wing) standing in opposition to the Kiev wing (Southwestern wing) led by Pyatakov and Skripnik. He was an opponent of the policy of Ukrainization, so he had to leave Kharkov for Moscow.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Веденєєв |first1=Д. В. |title=Квірінг Еммануїл Йонович |url=https://esu.com.ua/article-11608 |website=Енциклопедія Сучасної України |access-date=20 December 2024 |language=uk |date=2012}}</ref> He then worked as an economist in the State Planning Committee (Gosplan).

In 1937, he was arrested and executed by the NKVD. In 1956, Kviring was posthumously rehabilitated by a decision of the USSR Supreme Court.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Überlegungen zur Deutschen Besatzungsherrschaft in Osteuropa 1941-1944: das Beispiel Litauen | language=de | trans-title=Reflections on German Occupation in Eastern Europe 1941-1944: the example of Lithuania | url=http://www.annaberger-annalen.de/jahrbuch/1997/Annaberg%20Nr.5%20Kap2.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413140955/http://www.annaberger-annalen.de/jahrbuch/1997/Annaberg%20Nr.5%20Kap2.pdf | archive-date=2014-04-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Залесский |first1=Константин Александрович |title=Империя Сталина: биографический энциклопедический словарь |date=2000 |publisher=Veche |isbn=978-5-7838-0716-9 |page=213 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D4IyAAAAMAAJ&q=%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3+%221956%22 |access-date=20 December 2024 |language=ru}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

{{s-start}} {{s-off }} {{succession box | title = Director of the Economy Institute of Communist Academy | before = ? | after = ? | years = 1932&ndash;1937 }} {{succession box | title = Chief of Department of National Economy and Finance | before = ? | after = ? | years = 1918&ndash;1919 }} {{s-ppo}} {{succession box | title = 1st Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine | before = Dmitry Manuilsky<br />Serafima Gopner | after = Lazar Kaganovich<br />Yuri Pyatakov | years = 1923&ndash;1925<br />1918&ndash;1919 }} {{succession box | title = Secretary of the Communist Party of Donetsk Governorate | before = Andrei Radchenko | after = ? | years = 1921&ndash;1923 }} {{succession box | title = Secretary of the Communist Party of Katerynoslav Governorate | before = ? | after = Aleksandr Kiselyov | years = 1919&ndash;1920 }} {{s-end}}

{{3rd Politburo of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine}} {{Soviet Ukraine Government (before 1938)}} {{Communist Party of Ukraine}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kwiring, Emanuel}} Category:1888 births Category:1937 deaths Category:People from Sovetsky District, Saratov Oblast Category:People from Novouzensky Uyezd Category:People of Volga German descent Category:Old Bolsheviks Category:Members of the Orgburo of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Category:First secretaries of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union) Category:Great Purge victims from Russia Category:Soviet rehabilitations Category:Soviet bankers Category:Deputies to the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly