Emir Sultan Mosque

{{Short description|Mosque in Bursa, Turkey}} {{Infobox religious building | building_name = Emir Sultan Mosque | native_name = Emir Sultan Camii | image = Emir Sultan Camii 7067.jpg | image_size = | caption = | map_type = Turkey | map_size = | map_caption = Location in Turkey | location = [[Bursa]], Turkey | coordinates = {{coord|40.18108|29.08104|format=dms|type:landmark_region:TR|display=inline,title}} | latitude = | longitude = | religious_affiliation = [[Islam]] | status = | functional_status = | heritage_designation = | leadership = | website = | architecture = yes | architect = | architecture_type = Mosque | architecture_style = [[Ottoman Baroque]] | capacity = | length = | width = | dome_quantity = | dome_height_outer = | general_contractor = | facade_direction = | covered_area = | groundbreaking = | year_completed = 15th century (rebuilt in 19th century) | minaret_quantity = 2 | minaret_height = | spire_quantity = | spire_height = | materials = }}

The '''Emir Sultan Mosque''' ({{langx|tr|Emir Sultan Camii}}) is a [[mosque]] in [[Bursa]], [[Turkey]]. First built in the 15th century, it was rebuilt in 1804 for the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] sultan [[Selim III]] and rebuilt again in 1868, the plan of the mosque changing slightly with each rebuild.

==History==

[[Emir Sultan]], also known as Şemseddin Mehmed Ali el-Hüseyin el Buhari (Mehmed Şemseddin), was a [[dervish]] and scholar from [[Bukhara]] and also the advisor and son-in-law of the Ottoman sultan [[Bayezid I]].<ref>[http://www.archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=2874 Archnet] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050428135107/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=2874 |date=2005-04-28 }}</ref> The religious complex around his tomb was first established by Sultan [[Mehmed I]] in the early 15th century. It was further developed during the reign of [[Murad II]] (between 1421 and 1451), when Hundi Fatma Hatun, daughter of Bayezid I, built the complex's first mosque.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

The present-day mosque is situated in the quarter of Bursa also called Emirsultan. It was built after the original 15th-century building collapsed in the [[1766 Istanbul earthquake|1766 earthquake]]. When it was rebuilt by [[Selim III]], the previous mosque's foundations and some of its materials were reused in the construction, resulting in a work that mixes archaic Ottoman elements with new [[Ottoman Baroque architecture|Ottoman Baroque]] ones.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goodwin |first=Godfrey |title=A History of Ottoman Architecture |publisher=Thames & Hudson |year=1971 |isbn=0500274290 |location=New York |pages=412}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Bailey |first1=Greg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RvXVDwAAQBAJ&dq=emir+sultan+mosque+bursa&pg=PA216 |title=Cities and Cultural Landscapes: Recognition, Celebration, Preservation and Experience |last2=Defilippis |first2=Francesco |last3=Korjenic |first3=Azra |last4=Čaušević |first4=Amir |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-5275-4820-6 |pages=216 |language=en}}</ref> Following the [[1855 Bursa earthquake]], the Emir Sultan Mosque and the mausoleum ({{langx|tr|türbe|links=no}}) were once again rebuilt in 1868 (1285 [[Hijri year|AH]]), this time in a pure Baroque style, in for Sultan [[Abdülaziz]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=EMÎR SULTAN KÜLLİYESİ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/emir-sultan-kulliyesi |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref>

== Architecture == The mosque and mausoleum stand on opposite sides of a long courtyard with large ''[[şadırvan]]'' (ablutions fountain) at the entrance. The courtyard entrances are at the east and west ends, and the mosque and mausoleum are accessed via the courtyard. A wooden arcade with pointed arches wraps around the courtyard and rises to form portals with tall domes in the bays leading into the buildings.<ref name="kulturportali.gov.tr">{{Cite web |title= Emi̇r Sultan Cami̇|url=https://www.kulturportali.gov.tr/turkiye/bursa/gezilecekyer/emir-sultan-cami}}</ref>

The mosque, to the south of the courtyard, is a tall single-unit prayer hall of masonry construction with two [[minaret]]s at the northern corners. The mausoleum, also on the south side, is composed of a domed room in the centre with smaller rooms to its sides and houses the tombs of Emir Sultan and his family. Other rooms on the north corner of the courtyard are used by the [[imam]]s. An Ottoman cemetery flows downhill from the complex.<ref name="kulturportali.gov.tr"/>

Hundi Hatun, the wife of Emir Sultan and daughter of Bayezid I, was responsible for the [[Turkish bath|hamam]] to the south of the mosque.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Freely |first=John |title=Turkey Around The Marmara |publisher=Sev Yayıncılık |year=1998 |isbn=978-9758176359 |edition=1st |location=Istanbul |pages=203–04 |language=English}}</ref> There are several historic fountains scattered around the complex ([[külliye]]), the earliest dating from 1743. One of them appears in a drawing by the British traveller and artist [[Thomas Allom]].<ref name=":2" />

<gallery> File:Emir Sultan Camii 7083.jpg|Emir Sultan Mosque: interior File:Emir Sultan mosque panorama.jpg|Emir Sultan Mosque: interior File:Emir Sultan Camii 7105.jpg|Emir Sultan Mosque: courtyard File:Bursa Emir Sultan Türbesi 7095.jpg|Mausoleum of Emir Sultan within mosque complex </gallery>

==References==

=== Citations === {{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography === *Baykal, Kazım. 1982 (Edited reprint of original from 1950). ''Bursa ve Anıtları''. Istanbul: Türkiye Anıt Çevre Turizm Değerlerini Koruma Vakfı. {{in lang|tr}} *Taylor, Jane. 1998 (revised edition). ''Imperial Istanbul : a traveler's guide, includes Iznik, Bursa and Edirne''. London: I.B. Tauris Publishers. *Gabriel, Albert. 1958. ''Une Capitale Turque, Brousse, Bursa''. Paris, E. de Boccard.

==External links== {{Commons category}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050109161913/http://archnet.org/library/images/thumbnails.tcl?location_id=4265 Photos of Emir Sultan mosque] * [http://www.pbase.com/dosseman/emirsultan The mosque in 38 pictures]

[[Category:15th-century mosques in Turkey]] [[Category:Mosques completed in 1904]] [[Category:Ottoman mosques in Bursa]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Bursa]] [[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in Turkey]] [[Category:Yıldırım, Bursa]] [[Category:Baroque mosques of the Ottoman Empire]] [[Category:20th-century mosques in Turkey]] [[Category:Mosque buildings with minarets in Turkey]]