{{Short description|British writer (1824–1862), first wife of Coventry Patmore}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox person | name = Emily Augusta Patmore | image = File:John Everett Millais (1829-1896) - Mrs Coventry Patmore - 1010 - Fitzwilliam Museum.jpg | caption = John Everett Millais (1829–1896) - ''Mrs Coventry Patmore'', Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge | birth_name = Emily Augusta Andrews | birth_date = 29 February 1824 | birth_place = Walworth, London, England | death_date = {{Death date and age|1862|07|05|1824|02|29|df=y}} | death_place = Hampstead, London, England | occupation = Writer | spouse = Coventry Patmore (1847–1862; her death) | children = 6 | other_names = Mrs Motherly }}
'''Emily Augusta Patmore''' ({{nee}} Andrews; 29 February 1824 – 5 July 1862) was a British author, Pre-Raphaelite muse and the inspiration for the 1854–1862 narrative poem ''The Angel in the House''.
== Early life and education ==
Emily Augusta Andrews was born on 29 February 1824, the daughter of Elizabeth Honor (née Symons) (1792–1831) and Edward Andrews (1787–1841), a Congregational minister at Beresford Chapel, Walworth, London. She was one of 12 siblings,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Andrews Family {{!}} ERM|url=https://erm.selu.edu/notes/andrews_family_note|access-date=2021-04-19|website=erm.selu.edu|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419211239/https://erm.selu.edu/notes/andrews_family_note|url-status=dead}}</ref> an elder brother Edward William Andrews (1812–1877), later emigrated to Australia and became a newspaper proprietor and editor,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Phillips|first=Walter|chapter= Andrews, Edward William (1812–1877)|chapter-url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/andrews-edward-william-2888|title=Australian Dictionary of Biography {{!}} Cultural Advice|place=Canberra|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|access-date=2021-04-19}}</ref> and four elder sisters included Eliza, later Orme (1816-1892), whose daughters grew up to be women's rights activists, Emily Rosaline Orme, a leading Edinburgh suffragist, and Eliza Orme, the first woman to earn a law degree in England.<ref>{{Cite ODNB|title=Orme, Eliza (1848–1937), social activist and lawyer|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-37825|access-date=2021-04-19|year=2004|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/37825|last1=Howsam|first1=Leslie}}</ref> Her younger brother Augustus Charles Andrews became a bank clerk and his daughter Mabel Barltrop became a religious leader and prophet.<ref>{{Cite ODNB|last=Shaw|first=Jane|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/93402|title=Barltrop, Mabel [name in religion Octavia] (1866–1934), prophet and founder of the Panacea Society|date=2012-10-04|series=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/93402}}</ref>
Their mother died in April 1831 when Emily was still young and she took over the household duties for her father. It is thought that she learned Greek, Latin, and French under his tutelage.<ref name=":3" /> Her father was also a Latin, Greek and Hebrew tutor to John Ruskin,<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Edward Andrews (1787–1841) {{!}} ERM|url=https://erm.selu.edu/notes/andrews_edward_note|access-date=2021-04-24|website=erm.selu.edu|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424171849/https://erm.selu.edu/notes/andrews_edward_note|url-status=dead}}</ref> who Emily and Eliza were later credited with introducing to the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> As a child, Emily's portrait was drawn by George Lance around 1834. Now known as ''Emily Augusta Patmore at 10 years of age'', the drawing is in the collection of the British Museum, but not currently on display. It shows her head and shoulders, looking slightly up and smiling.<ref>{{Cite web|title=drawing {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1958-1118-21|access-date=2021-04-19|website=The British Museum|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Collections Online {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG241477|access-date=2021-04-19|website=www.britishmuseum.org}}</ref>
== Marriage and ''The Angel in the House'' == Emily Augusta Andrews met the poet and critic Coventry Patmore while living at her sister Eliza Orme's house following the 1841 death of their father, which had left the family destitute.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Gosse|first=Edmund|date=1897|title=The History of a Poem|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25118782|journal=The North American Review|volume=164|issue=484|pages=283–293|jstor=25118782|issn=0029-2397}}</ref> Eliza had married Charles Orme, heir to a brewing fortune, and the couple's home in Regent's Park in London was a noted gathering place for the Pre-Raphaelite movement.<ref name=":2">{{Cite ODNB|title=Masson, David Mather (1822–1907), biographer, literary scholar, and editor|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-34924|access-date=2021-04-19|year=2004|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/34924|last1=Smith|first1=G. G.|isbn=9780198614128|editor1-first=Sondra Miley|editor1-last=Cooney}}</ref> [[File:Picture_of_Coventry_Patmore.jpg|thumb|Coventry Patmore]] Patmore worked at the British Museum as a librarian and mixed in literary and artistic circles including the Pre Raphaelites.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-19|title=Coventry Patmore|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/coventry-patmore|access-date=2021-04-19|website=Poetry Foundation|language=en}}</ref> Emily Augusta Andrews and Coventry Patmore married on 11 September 1847.<ref name=":3" />
Over the period of their marriage, Patmore wrote the four elements that eventually became the poem ''The Angel in the House''.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite ODNB|title=Patmore, Coventry Kersey Deighton (1823–1896), poet and essayist|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-21550|access-date=2021-04-19|year=2004|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/21550}}</ref>
Emily was staunchly Protestant, following in the footsteps of her father and grandfather, who had been Congregationlist Ministers. Patmore was far more high church in his religious leanings and it is thought that he remained a practising Anglican during Emily's lifetime out of respect for her wishes.<ref name=":1" />
The Patmores had six children – Coventry (b. 1848), Tennyson (b. 1850), Emily Honoria (1853–1882) Bertha (b. 1855), Gertrude (b. 1857) and Henry John (b. 1860).<ref name=":3" /> The couple introduced her niece, suffrage campaigner Emily Rosaline Orme (1835–1915) to her future husband David Masson via gatherings at the home of Emily's sister Eliza Orme.<ref name=":2" />
== Pre-Raphaelites == Emily Patmore's education, intelligence and beauty made her both a muse and a respected contributor within the Pre-Raphaelite friendship group. She was portrayed on a medallion by Thomas Woolner, and was the subject of a painting by John Everett Millais entitled ''Mrs. Coventry Patmore'' in 1851, now in the collection of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Painting|url=https://collection.beta.fitz.ms/id/object/3638|access-date=2021-04-19|website=The Fitzwilliam Museum|language=en}}</ref> John Brett's portrait of Mrs Patmore, was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1856 and is now held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mrs Coventry Patmore {{!}} Art UK|url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/mrs-coventry-patmore-141741|access-date=2021-04-19|website=artuk.org|language=en|archive-date=21 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621195730/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/mrs-coventry-patmore-141741|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ashmolean|url=https://collections.ashmolean.org/collection/browse-9148/object/53408|access-date=2021-04-19|website=collections.ashmolean.org}}</ref> She was also the inspiration for "A Face", a poem by Robert Browning.<ref name=":3" />
== Writing career == Emily Patmore published three books under the pseudonym of '''Mrs Motherly'''.<ref name=":3" />
In 1859, she published ''The Servant's Behaviour Book, or, Hints on Manners and Dress for Maid Servants in Small Households,'' a conduct book for women in domestic service, written in a clear, practical manner.
Her two other publications were of a more literary bent. ''Nursery Poetry'' (1859) features lively verses on household matters, while ''Nursery Tales'' (1860) is improving and moralistic in tone. She is also considered to have had a significant role in the creation of ''The Children's Garland'' (1862), her husband's anthology of poems.<ref name=":3" /> thumb|Emily Honoria Patmore, Patmore's daughter, in 1872<ref>{{Cite book|last=Champneys|first=Basil|url=http://archive.org/details/memoirscorrespon01cham|title=Memoirs and correspondence of Coventry Patmore|page=262|date=1900|publisher=London: G. Bell & sons|others=University of California Libraries}}</ref>
== Death == Emily Patmore died of tuberculosis on 5 July 1862 at home at Elm Cottage, North End, Hampstead, London. She was thirty-eight years old, and left a young family of six children.<ref name=":3" />
She was buried at St Mary's Churchyard, Hendon, London.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Emily Augusta Andrews Patmore (1824-1862) - Find...|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/172674248/emily-augusta-patmore|access-date=2021-04-19|website=www.findagrave.com|language=en}}</ref> Her husband converted to Catholicism following her death<ref>{{Cite book|last=Paulist Fathers|url=http://archive.org/details/catholicworld64pauluoft|title=The Catholic world|date=1865–1971|publisher=New York : [s.n.]|others=Robarts - University of Toronto}}</ref> and their daughter Emily Honoria became a nun.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Emily Honoria Patmore photographed by Oscar Rejlander|url=https://victorianweb.org/authors/patmore/gallery/3.html|access-date=2021-04-19|website=victorianweb.org}}</ref>
== Publications ==
* ''The Servant's Behaviour Book, or, Hints on Manners and Dress for Maid Servants in Small Households.'' (1859) * ''Nursery Poetry'' (1859) * ''Nursery Tales'' (1860)
== References == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Patmore, Emily Augusta}} Category:1824 births Category:1862 deaths Category:19th-century British women writers Category:19th-century British writers Category:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis Category:Muses (persons) Category:People from Walworth Category:Pre-Raphaelite artworks Category:Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood Category:Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood artists' models Category:Tuberculosis deaths in England Category:Burials at St Mary's Church, Hendon