Émile Brumpt

{{short description|French parasitologist}} {{redirect|Brumpt|the commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France|Brumath}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Alexandre Joseph Émile Brumpt | native_name_lang = fre | image = Émile Brumpt.jpg | image_size = | caption = Émile Brumpt (1877-1951) | birth_date = {{Birth date|1877|03|10|mf=yes}} | birth_place = Paris, France | death_date = {{Death date and age|1951|07|08|1877|03|10|mf=yes}} | death_place = Paris, France | citizenship = French | nationality = | ethnicity = | field = Parasitology | work_institutions = Faculté de Médecine de Paris | alma_mater = Faculté de Médecine de Paris | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = Parasitology, Entomology | author_abbrev_bot = Brumpt | author_abbrev_zoo = Brumpt | prizes = Prix Savigny, Médaille d’or des épidémies, Manson Medal, Legion of Honour | religion = | footnotes = | signature = }} '''Alexandre Joseph Émile Brumpt''' (10 March 1877, in Paris – 8 July 1951) was a French parasitologist.<ref>[http://www.academieoutremer.fr/academiciens/fiche.php?aId=309 BRUMPT Émile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306005722/http://academieoutremer.fr/academiciens/fiche.php?aid=309 |date=2016-03-06 }}, Académie des sciences d'outre-mer</ref>

He studied zoology and parasitology in Paris, obtaining his degree in science in 1901, and his medical doctorate in 1906. In 1919 he succeeded Raphaël Blanchard (1857–1919) as professor of parasitology to the Faculté de Médecine de Paris, a position he maintained until 1948. Much of his career was spent performing research in Africa and Latin America.

Brumpt is credited for introducing a technique known as xenodiagnosis into parasitological research. In 1935, he described ''Plasmodium gallinaceum'', an avian malarial parasite that infects chickens and other fowl.<ref>[http://www.ajtmh.org/content/73/6/1104.full.pdf Plasmodium Gallinaceum]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=xrswjtwRPUcC&dq=%22Plasmodium+gallinaceum%22+Ceylon+Brumpt&pg=PA53 Google Books] War and Disease: Biomedical Research on Malaria in the Twentieth Century by Leo B. Slater</ref> He also conducted important research involving the African tsetse fly (''Glossina palpalis'') as a biological vector for trypanosomiasis.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=XjQSAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Glossina+palpalis%22+Brumpt&pg=PA43 Google Books] International clinics, page 43.</ref> In addition, he did extensive studies of the diseases: schistosomiasis, Chagas disease, onchocerciasis and leishmaniasis.

He described ''Blastocystis hominis'' and ''Entamoeba dispar''. The latter species helped to explain why most people who appeared to be infected with ''Entamoeba histolytica'' were asymptomatic. However, because there are no morphological differences between the two species, his proposal was largely ignored for over 50 years before being proven correct using molecular techniques.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clark |first=C. Graham |date=1998-07-01 |title=Entamoeba dispar, an organism reborn |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0035920398910495 |journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |volume=92 |issue=4 |pages=361–364 |doi=10.1016/S0035-9203(98)91049-5 |pmid=9850382 |issn=0035-9203|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The French Academy of Sciences awarded him the Prix Savigny for 1910.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Séance du 19 décembre |journal=Le Moniteur Scientifique du Docteur Quesneville |date=February 1911 |pages=137–138 |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k215254v/f137.item.zoom}} {{open access}}</ref> A number of parasitic species bear his name, including ''Plasmodium brumpti'' and ''Xenocoeloma brumpti''. Also, a genus of phlebotomine sand flies, ''Brumptomyia'', and a species of Corsican mosquito, ''Culex brumpti'', are named after him.

Brumpt's best known written work is ''Précis de Parasitologie'',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brumpt |first=Émile |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001503176 |title=Précis de parasitologie. |date=1922 |publisher=Masson et cie |location=Paris}}</ref> which was published in six editions between 1910 and 1949. He was the author of many scientific papers, including several on the ''Anopheles'' mosquito and its relationship to malaria. He was the President of the Société zoologique de France in 1922. With Maurice Neveu-Lemaire and Maurice Langeron, he founded in 1923 the parasitological journal ''Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée'', now continued as ''Parasite''.

==Notes== {{Reflist}}

==References== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071031125512/http://www.uel.ac.uk/mosquito/issue9/names.htm The names of European mosquitoes: Part 7] by Keith Snow * [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://www.pasteur.fr/infosci/archives/bpt0.html&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=4&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%2522Emile%2BBrumpt%2522%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Institut Pasteur] Chronological Highlights (biography)

==External links== * http://entamoeba.lshtm.ac.uk/brumpt.htm * http://www.pathexo.fr/pages/english/ObEBrump.html

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brumpt, Emile}} Category:French parasitologists Category:French entomologists Category:Malariologists Category:1877 births Category:1951 deaths Category:Scientists from Paris Category:French recipients of the Legion of Honour Category:Manson medal winners