{{Short description|Deepest part of the Philippine Trench}}
{{Location map| Philippines | relief = yes | lat = 10.31666667 | long = 126.65000000 | label = Emden Deep | label_size = 100 | position = top | background = | mark = Red_pog.svg | marksize = 8 | width = 250 | float = right | border = | caption = Approximate location of Emden Deep in the Philippine Trench | alt = | AlternativeMap = }}
The '''Emden Deep''', also known as the '''Galathea Deep''' or '''Galathea Depth''', is the portion of the {{convert|10540|m|ft|adj=mid|-deep}} Philippine Trench exceeding {{convert|6000|m|ft|adj=mid}} depths in the south-western Pacific Ocean.<!---See talk page, there are conflicting sources on Emden Deep being the third deepest point in the world, with Sirena Deep (Mariana Trench) being 10,714 m deep, next to Horizon (Tonga Trench) and Challenger Deep ( Mariana Trench).--->
[[File:Light Cruiser Emden in China 1931 crop.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Discoverer ship ''Emden'']] Originally discovered by the German ship ''Emden'' in 1927, it was first explored in detail by the Danish ship ''Galathea'' in 1951 on the Galathea 2 expedition, from which the name is taken.<ref name="Bruun">{{cite book |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31710 |title=The Galathea Deep Sea Expedition, 1950-1952, described by members of the expedition |last=Bruun |first=Anton Frederick |publisher=Macmillan, New York |year=1956}}</ref> Biological samples collected during the Danish expedition demonstrated for the first time that a wide variety of fish, amphipods, echinoderms and bacteria not only survived, but thrived at the deepest parts of the ocean.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zobell|first1=Claude E.|last2=Morita|first2=Richard Y.|title=Barophilic bacteria in some deep sea sediments|journal=Journal of Bacteriology|date=April 1957|volume=73|issue=4|pages=563–568|pmc=314618|issn=0021-9193|pmid=13428691|doi=10.1128/JB.73.4.563-568.1957}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dahl|first1=Erik|title=AMPHIPODA FROM DEPTHS EXCEEDING 6000 METERS|date=1957|publisher=Galathea Report: Scientific Results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World 1950-1952|pages=211–241|citeseerx=10.1.1.512.3162}}</ref> At the time of the expedition, the Philippine Trench was the deepest known part of the ocean.<ref name="Bruun" />
The first crewed descent to the Emden Deep was made by American undersea explorer Victor Vescovo and Filipino oceanographer Deo Florence Onda on March 23, 2021.<ref name=scientisttomake>{{cite news |last1=Viernes |first1=Franchesca |last2=RC |title=Scientist to make history as 1st Filipino to reach 3rd deepest spot on Earth |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/hobbiesandactivities/780121/scientist-to-make-history-as-1st-filipino-to-reach-3rd-deepest-spot-on-earth/story/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |work=GMA News |date=17 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='We've waved the Philippine Flag': Filipino scientist reaches the third deepest spot on Earth — |url=https://www.asianjournal.com/philippines/across-the-islands/weve-waved-the-philippine-flag-filipino-scientist-reaches-the-third-deepest-spot-on-earth/ |access-date=30 March 2021 |work=Asian Journal News |date=27 March 2021}}</ref> Findings of the expedition include extensive garbage near the seafloor of the underwater feature.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Enano |first1=Jhesset |title=Emden Deep yields dirty secret in Philippine Trench: Trash |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1414777/emden-deep-yields-dirty-secret-trash |access-date=5 April 2021 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=5 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
It is believed that the most profound depth of the Emden Deep has a pressure reaching 1,054 atmospheres (15,490 pounds per square inch).
==See also== {{portal|Oceans}} * Challenger Deep
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Galathea Depth}} Category:Lowest points of the World Ocean Category:Oceanic trenches of the Pacific Ocean Category:Philippine Sea Category:Philippine tectonics Category:Subduction zones
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