Embassy of Russia, Lima

{{Short description|Russian diplomatic mission to Peru}} {{Infobox diplomatic mission | name = Embassy of Russia, Lima | image = Embajada de la Federación Rusa, Lima.jpg | caption = The embassy in 2013 | location = [[San Isidro District, Lima]], Peru | coordinates = | address = [[Avenida Salaverry|Av. Salaverry]] 3424 | opening_date = {{circa}} {{start date|1970}} | website = {{url|https://peru.mid.ru/es/|Official website}} }} The '''Embassy of the Russian Federation in Lima''' is the official [[diplomatic mission]] of [[Russia]] to the [[Republic of Peru]]. It served as the embassy of the [[Soviet Union]] from its inauguration until the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|country's dissolution]] in 1991.

==History== ===Background=== Peru and the [[Russian Empire]] first established [[Peru–Russia relations|bilateral relations]] on May 16, 1874.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Archivos antiguos demuestran que relaciones entre Rusia y Perú iniciaron en 1863|url=https://peru21.pe/mundo/relaciones-diplomaticas-rusia-peru-iniciaron-1863-fotos-394854-noticia/|date=2018-02-06|access-date=2021-09-05|work=Peru21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gob.pe/institucion/rree/noticias/9611-hallan-documentos-que-prueban-antiguedad-de-las-relaciones-diplomaticas-entre-el-peru-y-rusia|title=Hallan documentos que prueban antigüedad de las relaciones diplomáticas entre el Perú y Rusia|date=2018-02-05|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru}}</ref> Said relations were handled by the [[List of ambassadors of Peru to Russia|Peruvian Minister Plenipotentiary]], based in the legation in [[Saint Petersburg]] and also accredited to [[List of ambassadors of Peru to Germany|Germany]].<ref name=Garces>{{Cite book|title=Las relaciones entre el Perú y el Imperio ruso a la luz de los archivos diplomáticos (1860-1917)|last=Garcés Avalos|first=Galo|publisher=Agenda Internacional|year=2020|last2=Vallejo Bulnes|first2=Rafael}}</ref> With the [[execution of the Romanov family]] and the downfall of the [[Russian Republic]] as a result of the [[Russian Civil War]], both countries ceased to have any diplomatic relations in 1918.<ref name=Garces/>

===Soviet Embassy (1970–1991)=== After the establishment of the [[United Nations]] and the establishment of a Peruvian seat of honor in 1942, then president [[Manuel Prado Ugarteche]] personally refused to host a Soviet diplomatic mission in [[Lima]], also refusing to send an ambassador to the [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Resoluciones contra la Infiltración Soviética en América |publisher=Congreso Continental Anticomunista |year=1957 |pages=19 |language=es |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JzpQAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> Only after the [[1968 Peruvian coup d'état|coup]] that deposed [[Fernando Belaúnde]] and allowed [[Juan Velasco Alvarado]] to establish his so-called [[Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru|revolutionary government]] were relations reestablished at an embassy level in 1969, alongside [[Second World|other socialist countries]].<ref name ="RP">{{cite web|url=https://peru.mid.ru/rossia-peru|title=РОССИЯ-ПЕРУ: СТРАНИЦЫ ИСТОРИИ|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)]]|language=Russian|accessdate=5 January 2020}}</ref><ref name=Garces/><ref name=KAD>{{Cite book |title=Las relaciones entre el Perú y Rusia |last=Adins |first=Sebastien |publisher=[[Konrad Adenauer Stiftung]], [[PUCP]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-9972-671-59-3 |edition=1st |language=es |url=https://www.kas.de/es/web/peru/einzeltitel/-/content/die-beziehungen-zwischen-russland-und-peru}}</ref>

With relations reestablished, the [[Soviet government]] bought a manor in Orrantia Del Mar, a borough of the upper-class [[San Isidro District, Lima|San Isidro district]] that originally belonged to [[Anita Fernandini de Naranjo]] and would eventually become the embassy in 1970.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Soviet Embassy Is Lavish |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/04/17/archives/soviet-embassy-is-lavish.html |date=1970-04-17 |work=[[New York Times]] |quote=LIMA, Peru (AP)—The Soviet Government has bought a majestic estate at suburban Orrantia Del Mar for $400,000 to use as its Lima embassy, a Russian official announced.}}</ref><ref name=caretas>{{Cite journal |title=Anita Fernandini se hizo conocida como una beata interesada |journal=[[Caretas]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bm8mOLOCeI8C |issue=2147 |pages=40 |year=2010 |quote=Vivió en su mansión miraflorina durante muchos años para luego mudarse a un caserón en la Av. Salaverry (luego éste sería la sede de la Embajada Soviética, hoy sede de la Embajada de la Federación Rusa en Perú).}}</ref><ref name=Pino>{{Cite news |title=Personajes de Lima: Anita Fernandini, la primera alcaldesa de Lima |url=http://www.limalaunica.pe/2010/09/personajes-de-lima-anita-fernandini-la.html |last=Pino |first=David |date=2010-09-17 |work=Lima la Única}}</ref>

In 1975, after Alvarado announced the ''[[Plan Inca]]'', a rationing plan in line with the government's attempts at implementing [[socialist]] policies, a unique type of protests took place outside of the embassy, as several cars with covered license plates drove by the building, with their occupants hurling rocks at the embassy and driving away.<ref>{{Cite book |title=United States and Chile During the Allende Years, 1970-1973 |publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]] |year=1975 |pages=466 |language=es |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-20JAAAAIAAJ}}</ref>

With the [[Internal conflict in Peru|internal conflict]] between the Peruvian government and leftist guerrillas beginning in 1980, both the Soviet Embassy and Soviet citizens became targets of these terror groups. Because Soviet–Peruvian relations had strengthened after [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]'s rise to power, guerrillas such as the [[Shining Path]] attacked the embassy several times due to the former's support of the latter against the group.<ref name=LATimes>{{Cite news |title=33 Soviet Sailors Injured in Peru Bus Bombing |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-07-06-mn-4004-story.html |date=1989-07-06 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref><ref name=ElPais>{{Cite news |title=Terrorista muerto en un ataque a la Embajada soviética en Lima |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1986/07/09/internacional/521244019_850215.html |date=1986-07-08 |work=[[El País]]}}</ref> In 1985, the embassy was bombed alongside the [[Embassy of China, Lima|Chinese]] and [[Embassy of the United States, Lima|U.S.]] embassies,<ref>{{cite web|title=Lethal Terrorist Actions Against Americans 1973–1985|url=http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/International_security_affairs/terrorism/122.pdf|publisher=Bureau of Diplomatic Security|accessdate=June 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Police round up 3,500 after Lima bomb blitz|work=The Globe and Mail|agency=Associated Press|date=May 18, 1985|page=13}}</ref> and the following year, Shining Path terrorists [[1986 Soviet embassy attack in Lima|almost bombed the building]] from the inside.<ref name=ElPais/><ref name=NYTattack>{{Cite news |title=One Peru Gunman Slain In Soviet Embassy Raid |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/09/world/around-the-world-one-peru-gunman-slain-in-soviet-embassy-raid.html |date=1986-07-09 |work=[[New York Times]]}}</ref> The embassy was again bombed in October 1989,<ref>{{Cite book |title=Patterns of Global Terrorism |publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]] |year=1990 |pages=34 |language=es |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5p9wubEwg8C}}</ref> being preceded by a [[1989 Callao bombing|car bomb attack]] that targeted Soviet sailors in [[Callao]].<ref name=LATimes/>

===Russian Embassy (1991–present)=== With the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] in 1991, Peru recognised the [[History of Russia (1991–present)|Russian Federation]] as its successor state on 26 December 1991,<ref name ="RP"/><ref>{{Cite news |title=Ahora puedes descubrir la historia de las relaciones ruso-peruanas con fotos y cartas |url=https://es.rbth.com/cultura/83634-historia-relaciones-ruso-peruanas-fotos |last=Tereshkova |first=Eugenia |date=2019-08-29 |work=[[Russia Beyond]]}}</ref> with the embassy now representing the new Russian state.<ref name=caretas/><ref name=Pino/>

In February 2022, after the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion]] of [[Ukraine]], protests were held in front of the embassy by both locals and Ukrainian residents in Lima.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Protestas frente a Embajada de Rusia en Lima contra la invasión a Ucrania |url=https://gestion.pe/peru/guerra-rusia-ucrania-san-isidro-personas-protestan-frente-a-embajada-de-rusia-contra-la-invasion-a-ucrania-video-rmmn-noticia/ |date=2022-02-25 |work=[[Gestión]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=San Isidro: ciudadanos protestan frente a Embajada de Rusia en Lima por invasión a Ucrania |url=https://elcomercio.pe/lima/sucesos/guerra-ucrania-rusia-san-isidro-ciudadanos-protestan-frente-a-embajada-de-rusia-en-lima-por-invasion-a-ucrania-video-rmmn-noticia/ |date=2022-02-25 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref>

==Cultural Centre== [[File:Asociación Cultural Peruano Rusa (ex-Soviética), Lima.jpg|thumb|right|The ''Casa Rusa''.]] The '''Russian–Peruvian Cultural Centre''' ({{langx|es|Asociación Cultural Peruano Rusa}}), formerly the '''Soviet–Peruvian Cultural Centre''' ({{langx|es|Asociación Cultural Peruano Soviética}})<ref>{{Cite news |title=Perú. Dos hombres en la historia. |url=https://lamula.pe/2015/08/14/peru-dos-hombres-en-la-historia/nuestrabandera/ |last=Espinoza M. |first=Gustavo |date=2015-08-14 |work=La Mula}}</ref> until 1991, is the embassy's [[cultural centre]], located at the '''Casa Rusa''', located at the intersection of General Santa Cruz Avenue and Jirón Mayta Cápac, which runs parallel to Salaverry Avenue.

It operates under the [[Rossotrudnichestvo]] agency, having originally operated under the [[Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries|SSOD]] of the Soviet Union.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://peru.mid.ru/es/casa_rusa_en_lima/la_casa_rusa_en_lima/ |title=La Casa Rusa en Lima |website=Embajada de la Federación de Rusia en la República del Perú}}</ref>

==See also== *[[Peru–Russia relations]] *[[List of ambassadors of Russia to Peru]] *[[List of ambassadors of Peru to Russia]] *[[Embassy of the United States, Lima]] *[[Embassy of China, Lima]] *[[Casa Fernandini, Santa María del Mar]], also owned by Fernandini de Naranjo.

==References== {{reflist}}

[[Category:Diplomatic missions in Lima|Russia]] [[Category:Diplomatic missions of Russia]] [[Category:Peru–Russia relations]] [[Category:Peru–Soviet Union relations]] [[Category:San Isidro District, Lima]] [[Category:Cultural centers in Peru]] [[Category:Russian ambassadorial residences]]