Emarginulinae

{{short description|Subfamily of limpet-like sea snails}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Emarginula striatula (top view).JPG |image_caption = A shell of ''Emarginula striatula'' |taxon = Emarginulinae |authority = Children, 1834 |synonyms= * Clypidinidae Golikov & Starobogatov, 1989 * Emarginulidae Children, 1834 (original rank) * Fissurellideinae Pilsbry, 1890 }}

The subfamily '''Emarginulinae''', common name keyhole limpets and slit limpets, is a taxonomic subfamily of limpet-like sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets.<ref name="WoRMS">Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2012). Emarginulinae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=224510 on 2013-01-01</ref>

The subfamily consists of the following tribes:<ref>Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)</ref> * Tribe Emarginulini Children, 1834 - synonyms: Rimulidae, Anton, 1838; Zeidoridae Naef, 1913; Hemitominae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971; Clypidinidae Golikov & Starobogatov, 1989 * Tribe Diodorini Odhner, 1932: this tribe has been raised to the rank of subfamily Diodorinae Odhner, 1932 <ref>Aktipis S.W., Boehm E. & Giribet G. (2011) Another step towards understanding the slit-limpets (Fissurellidae, Fissurelloidea, Vetigastropoda, Gastropoda): a combined five-gene molecular phylogeny. Zoologica Scripta 40: 238-259</ref> * Tribe Fissurellideini Pilsbry, 1890 * Tribe Scutini Christiaens, 1973

Of the subfamilies in Fissurellidae, the subfamily Emarginulinae is the oldest: its earliest known species date back to the Mesozoic.<ref>{{cite journal|last=McLean|first=James H.|author2=R.N. Kilburn|title=Propodial elaboration in Southern African and Indian Ocean Fissurellidae (Mollusca, Prosobranchia) with description of two new genera and one new species|journal=Contributions in Science|date=September 1986|volume=379|pages=1–12|doi=10.5962/p.208123|s2cid=135095660|url=http://www.nhm.org/site/sites/default/files/pdf/contrib_science/CS379.pdf|access-date=2010-07-19|archive-date=2010-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721003210/https://www.nhm.org/site/sites/default/files/pdf/contrib_science/CS379.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The various tribes belong to this subfamily because of the unifying features in their radula. Several tribes were formerlysynonym of subfamilies, because of the differences in their shell. The Emargulini have a caplike shell with a slit in the margin but without an apical opening (''foramen''). The Scutini have a flat shield-shaped shell with a vague indentation at the back. The other tribes have a caplike shell with a round, oval or triangular apical opening.

The species of this subfamily can be found attached to rocks or coral. They are Herbivores.

==Genera== * ''Agariste'' Monterosato, 1892 * ''Altrix'' Palmer, 1942 * ''Arginula'' Palmer, 1937 * ''Buchanania'' Lesson, 1831 * ''Clathrosepta'' McLean & Geiger, 1998 * ''Clypidina'' Gray, 1847 * ''Emarginella'' Pilsbry, 1891 * ''Emarginula'' Lamarck, 1801 * † ''Entomella'' Cossmann, 1888 * ''Fissurisepta'' Seguenza, 1863 * ''Laeviemarginula'' Habe, 1953 * ''Laevinesta'' Pilsbry & McGinty, 1952 * ''Manganesepta'' McLean & Geiger, 1998 * ''Montfortula'' Iredale, 1915 * † ''Palaeoloxotoma'' Hansen, 201 * ''Parmaphorella'' Strebel, 1907 * ''Pupillaea'' Gray, 1835 * ''Rixa'' Iredale, 1924 * ''Scelidotoma'' McLean, 1966 * ''Scutus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Stromboli'' Berry, 1954 * ''Tugali'' Gray, 1843 * ''Tugalina'' Habe, 1953 * ''Vacerrena'' Iredale, 1958 ;Taxa inquirenda: * ''Clypidella'' Swainson, 1840 * ''Rimulanax'' Iredale, 1924 (possible synonym of ''Puncturella'')

==Synonyms== * ''Aviscutum'' Iredale, 1940synonym of ''Scutus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Entomella'' Cotton, 1945synonym of ''Emarginula'' Lamarck, 1801 (invalid: junior homonym of ''Entomella'' Cossmann, 1888; ''Notomella'' is a replacement name) * † ''Loxotoma'' P. Fischer, 1885 synonym of † ''Palaeoloxotoma'' Hansen, 2019 (invalid: junior homonym of ''Loxotoma'' Zeller, 1854 [Lepidoptera]; ''Palaeoloxotoma'' is a replacement name) * ''Nannoscutum'' Iredale, 1937synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810 * ''Notomella'' Cotton, 1957synonym of ''Emarginula'' Lamarck, 1801 * ''Parmophoridea'' Wenz, 1938synonym of ''Parmaphorella'' Strebel, 1907 (unnecessary replacement name) * ''Parmophorus'' Blainville, 1817synonym of ''Scutus'' Montfort, 1810 (unnecessary substitute name for ''Scutus'') * ''Plagiorhytis'' P. Fischer, 1885synonym of ''Montfortula'' Iredale, 1915 (Invalid: junior homonym of ''Plagiorhytis'' Chaudoir, 1848) * ''Rimularia'' Bronn, 1838synonym of ''Rimula'' Defrance, 1827 (unjustified emendation of ''Rimula'' Defrance, 1827) * ''Scutum'' P. Fischer, 1885synonym of ''Scutus'' Montfort, 1810 (invalid: unjustified emendation of ''Scutus'') * ''Semperia'' Crosse, 1867synonym of ''Emarginula'' Lamarck, 1801 * ''Subzeidora'' Iredale, 1924synonym of ''Emarginula (Subzeidora)'' Iredale, 1924 represented as ''Emarginula'' Lamarck, 1801 * ''Tugalia'' Gray, 1857synonym of ''Tugali'' Gray, 1843 * ''Vacerra'' Iredale, 1924synonym of ''Vacerrena'' Iredale, 1958 (invalid: junior homonym of ''Vacerra'' Godman, 1900 [Lepidoptera];''Vacerrena'' is a replacement name) * ''Variegemarginula'' McLean, 2011synonym of ''Montfortula'' Iredale, 1915

==References== {{Reflist}} * Children J.G. (1834). [Mollusca]. pp. 88–118, in: Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum, ed. 28: 88–118. [Authorship attributed to Children after G. Steiner & A.R. Kabat, 2001, Zoosystema, 23(3): 454-45] * Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1–2): 1-526

==External links== * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41517 Pilsbry, H. A. (1890-1891). Manual of conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. (1)12: Stomatellidae, Scissurellidae, Pleurotomariidae, Haliotidae, Scutellinidae, Addisoniidae, Cocculinidae, Fissurellidae, pp. 1-192, pls 1-45 [1890], 193-323, pls 46-65 [1891]. Philadelphia, Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences]

Category:Fissurellidae Category:Taxa named by John George Children