{{Short description|Species of orchid}} {{Italic title}} {{Speciesbox | name = Purple enamel orchid | image = Elythranthera brunosis SMC 2007.jpg | genus = Elythranthera | species = brunonis | authority = ([[Endl.]]) [[A.S.George]]<ref name="APC">{{cite web |title=''Cyanicula aperta'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/68104 |website=Australian Plant Census |accessdate=14 October 2023}}</ref> | synonyms_ref = <ref name="APC" /> | synonyms = * ''Caladenia brunonis'' <small>(Endl.) Rchb.f.</small> * ''Glossodia brunonis'' <small>Endl.</small> }}
'''''Elythranthera brunonis''''', commonly known as the '''purple enamel orchid''', is a plant in the orchid family [[Orchidaceae]] and is [[endemism|endemic]] to the [[Southwest Australia|south-west]] of [[Western Australia]]. It is a ground orchid with a single flattened, hairy leaf and up to three glossy purple flowers.
==Description== ''Elythranthera brunonis'' is a terrestrial, [[Perennial plant|perennial]], [[deciduous]], [[sympodial]] herb with a few inconspicuous, fine roots and a [[tuber]] partly surrounded by a fibrous, multi-layered protective [[Tunica (biology)|sheath]]. It has a single flattened, dark green, hairy leaf, {{convert|20-80|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and about {{convert|7|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide with a reddish-purple underside. Up to three glossy purple flowers {{convert|20-30|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|10-30|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide are borne on a spike {{convert|150-300|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall. The [[sepal]]s and [[petal]]s spread apart from each other, have blackish tips and are blotched with red or purple on their backs. The [[wikt:dorsal|dorsal]] sepal is erect, {{convert|16-20|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|6-8|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The [[wikt:lateral|lateral]] sepals and petals are {{convert|14-18|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|6-8|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The [[Labellum (botany)|labellum]] is about {{convert|5|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|0.5|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide and whitish with the tip curved upward. At the base of the labellum there are two erect, fleshy [[Labellum (botany)|calli]] about {{convert|4|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} high with yellow bases and black or dark purple tips. Flowering occurs from August to early November.<ref name="Jones">{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|page =31}}</ref><ref name=Brown>{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Andrew|last2=Dundas|first2=Pat|last3=Dixon|first3=Kingsley|last4=Hopper|first4=Stephen|title=Orchids of Western Australia|date=2008|publisher=University of Western Australia Press|location=Crawley, Western Australia|isbn=9780980296457|page=244}}</ref><ref name=Hoffman>{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Noel|last2=Brown|first2=Andrew|title=Orchids of South-West Australia|date=2011|publisher=Noel Hoffman|location=Gooseberry Hill|isbn=9780646562322|page=208|edition=3rd}}</ref>
==Taxonomy and naming== The purple enamel orchid was first formally described in 1839 by [[Stephan Endlicher]] who gave it the name ''Glossodia brunonis'' and published the description in ''Novarum Stirpium Decades''.<ref name=APNI(1)>{{cite web|title=''Glossodia brunonis''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/493640|publisher=APNI|accessdate=16 April 2017}}</ref> In 1963, [[Alex George (botanist)|Alex George]] transferred it to the genus ''Elythranthera'' as ''E. brunonis''.<ref name=APNI(3)>{{cite web|title=''Elythranthera brunonis''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/476907|publisher=APNI|accessdate=16 April 2017}}</ref> The [[Botanical nomenclature|specific epithet]] (''brunonis'') honours the Scottish botanist [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|Robert Brown]].<ref name="Brown" />
''Elythranthera brunonis'' is regarded as a synonym of the name ''Caladenia brunonis'' which is accepted by the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]].<ref name=WCSP(2)>{{cite web|title=''Elythranthera brunonis''|url= http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=66843|publisher=Kew|accessdate=16 April 2017}}</ref>
==Distribution and habitat== ''Elythranthera brunonis'' is a common and widespread species in Western Australia, found as far north as [[Kalbarri, Western Australia|Kalbarri]] and as far east as [[Israelite Bay, Western Australia|Israelite Bay]], growing in forest, woodland and heath.<ref name="Jones" /><ref name="Brown" /><ref name="Hoffman" /><ref name=FloraBase>{{FloraBase|name=''Elythranthera brunonis''|id=1577}}</ref>
==Conservation== ''Elythranthera brunonis'' is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government [[Department of Parks and Wildlife (Western Australia)|Department of Parks and Wildlife]].<ref name="FloraBase" />
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q28816312|from2=Q5368589}}
[[Category:Elythranthera|brunonis]] [[Category:Plants described in 1839]] [[Category:Endemic orchids of Australia]] [[Category:Orchids of Western Australia]] [[Category:Taxa named by Stephan Endlicher]]