Ellobiidae

{{Short description|Family of gastropods}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Kuriirokomimi0903-1.jpg | image_caption = A live but retracted individual of ''Laemodonta siamensis'' on a human hand. A partially torn epiphragm of dried mucus is visible in the aperture of the shell | parent_authority = Pfeiffer, 1854 | taxon = Ellobiidae | authority = Pfeiffer, 1854 | synonyms_ref = <ref name="WoRMS" /> | synonyms = Melampidae Stimpson, 1851 | diversity_ref = <ref name="Weigand 2013"/> | diversity = About 250 valid specific names }} [[File:Ellobium pyramidale-2.jpg|thumb|Drawing of shells of ''Ellobium pyramidale''.]]

'''Ellobiidae''', common name the '''hollow-shelled snails''', is a family of small air-breathing land, marine, and brackish snails; pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata.<ref name="WoRMS">Bouchet, P. (2012). Ellobiidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=198 on 2012-08-19</ref> Ellobiidae is the only family in the superfamily '''Ellobioidea''', according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).<ref name="Bouchet 2005">{{Bouchet 2005}}</ref>

==Anatomy== In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 16 and 20 (according to the values in this table).<ref name="Barker">Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.): ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WlvX-9Wt0toC&hl The biology of terrestrial molluscs]''. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, {{ISBN|0-85199-318-4}}. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.</ref>

They have a distinctive mode of locomotion arising due to a split sole. The front part of the sole adheres to the substrate and then the rear part of the sole is drawn up to the front part.<ref>{{cite book|last=Herbert,dai and|first=Kilburn, Dick|title=Field Guide to the Land Snails and Slugs of Eastern South Africa|year=2004|publisher=Natal Museum|location=Scottsville, South Africa|isbn=0-620-32415-5|page=98}}</ref>

==Taxonomy== Species are traditionally classified into five taxonomic groups, the Pythiidae, the Laemodontidae, the Melampodidae, the Ellobiidae and the Carychiidae.<ref name="Weigand 2013"/> These taxa have been recognized either as families within Ellobioidea or as sub-families within the family Ellobiidae.<ref name="Weigand 2013"/>

The family Ellobiidae consists of the following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):<ref name="Bouchet 2005"/> * subfamily Ellobiinae Pfeiffer, 1854 (1822) * subfamily Carychiinae Jeffreys, 1830 * subfamily Melampinae Stimpson, 1851 (1850) * subfamily Pedipedinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1880 * subfamily Pythiinae Odhner, 1925 (1880) * † subfamily Zaptychiinae Wenz, 1938

The high degree of homoplasy in morphological characters and frequent low variability has led to the description of approximately 800 species names available in the literature, of which 250 are likely to be valid.<ref name="Weigand 2013"/>

A molecular study by Dayrat at al. (2011)<ref>Dayrat B., Conrad M., Balayan S., White T. R., Albrecht C., Golding R., Gomes S., Harasewych M. G., de Frias Martins A. M. (2011). "Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of pulmonate gastropods (Mollusca): new insights from increased taxon sampling". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''59''': 425-437. {{doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2011.02.014}}.</ref> for the Ellobioidea suggests a monophyletic origin of the entire group.<ref name="Weigand 2013"/>

==Genera== Genera within the family Ellobiidae include:

subfamily Ellobiinae * † ''Auriculinella'' Tausch, 1886 * ''Blauneria'' Shuttleworth, 1854 * ''Ellobium'' Röding, 1798 * † ''Eoellobium'' Harzhauser, Pacaud & Landau, 2023 * ''Leucophytia'' Winckworth, 1949 * † ''Palaeoellobium'' Merle, Néraudeau & Tafforeau, 2025

subfamily Carychiinae * † ''Carychiella'' Strauch, 1977 * † ''Carychiopsina'' Kadolsky, 2020 * † ''Carychiopsis'' F. Sandberger, 1871 * ''Carychium'' O. F. Müller, 1773 * ''Coilostele'' W. H. Benson, 1864 * ''Iberozospeum'' Jochum, Kneubühler, Prieto & Neubert, 2022 * ''Koreozospeum'' Jochum & Prozorova, 2015 * † ''Ovicarychium'' Kadolsky, 2020 * † ''Turricarychium'' Kadolsky, 2020 * ''Zospeum'' Bourguignat, 1856 * † ''Zuella'' Kadolsky, 2020

subfamily Melampinae * ''Melampus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Tralia'' J. E. Gray, 1840

subfamily Pedipedinae * ''Creedonia'' Martins, 1996 * ''Leuconopsis'' Hutton, 1884 * ''Marinula'' King & Broderip, 1832 * ''Microtralia'' Dall, 1894 * ''Pedipes'' Férussac, 1821 * ''Pseudomelampus'' Pallary, 1900 * ''Sarnia'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 * † ''Sulcomarinula'' Sacco, 1897

subfamily Pythiinae Odhner, 1925 * ''Allochroa'' Ancey, 1887 * ''Auriculastra'' Martens, 1880 * ''Cassidula'' Gray, 1847 *''Laemodonta'' Philippi, 1846 *''Myosotella'' Monterosato, 1906 * ''Ophicardelus'' Beck, 1838 * ''Ovatella'' Bivona, 1832 * ''Pleuroloba'' Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005 * ''Pythia'' Röding, 1798 - type genus of the subfamily Pythiinae.

† subfamily Zaptychiinae * † ''Zaptychius'' Walcott, 1883 - type genus of the subfamily

;Genera brought into synonymy: * ''Alexia'' Leach in Gray, 1847: synonym of ''Myosotella'' Monterosato, 1906 * ''Apodosis'' Pilsbry & McGinty, 1949 synonym of ''Leuconopsis'' F. W. Hutton, 1883 (junior subjective synonym) * ''Auricula'' Lamarck, 1799: synonym of ''Ellobium'' Röding, 1798 * ''Auriculodes'' Strand, 1928: synonym of ''Ellobium (Auriculodes)'' Strand, 1928 represented as ''Ellobium'' Röding, 1798 * ''Auriculus'' Montfort, 1810 synonym of ''Ellobium'' Röding, 1798 (unjustified emendation of Auricula) * ''Autonoe'' Guppy, 1868 synonym of ''Ellobium (Auriculodes)'' Strand, 1928 represented as ''Ellobium'' Röding, 1798 (junior homonym of ''Autonoe'' Leach, 1852 [Bivalvia]; ''Autonoella'' Wenz, 1947, is a replacement name) * ''Cassidulus'' Beck, 1838 synonym of ''Cassidula'' A. Férussac, 1821 (Invalid: unjustified emendation of ''Cassidula'' Férussac, 1821, and also junior homonym of ''Cassidulus'' Lamarck, 1801 [Echinodermata]) * ''Cremnobates'' Swainson, 1855: synonym of ''Marinula'' King & Broderip, 1832 * ''Cylindrotis'' Möllendorff, 1895 synonym of ''Auriculastra'' E. von Martens, 1880 * ''Detracia'' Gray in Turton, 1840: synonym of ''Melampus (Detracia)'' Gray, 1840 represented as ''Melampus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Geovula'' Swainson, 1840 synonym of ''Ellobium'' Röding, 1798 (junior objective synonym) * ''Jaminia'' T. Brown, 1827: synonym of ''Myosotella'' Monterosato, 1906 * ''Kochia'' Pallary, 1900: synonym of ''Myosotella'' Monterosato, 1906 * ''Laimodonta'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of ''Laemodonta'' Philippi, 1846 * ''Leuconia'' Gray, 1840: synonym of ''Auriculinella'' Tausch, 1886 * ''Leucopepla'' Peile, 1926: synonym of ''Auriculinella'' Tausch, 1886 * ''Leucophytia'' Winckworth, 1949: synonym of ''Auriculinella'' Tausch, 1886 * ''Maripythia'' Iredale, 1936: synonym of ''Marinula'' P. P. King, 1832 (unavailable name: no description) * ''Melosidula'' B. J. Smith & Kershaw, 1979: synonym of ''Cassidula (Cassidula)'' A. Férussac, 1821 represented as ''Cassidula'' A. Férussac, 1821 (junior subjective synonym) * ''Monica'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of ''Ovatella'' Bivona-Bernardi, 1832 * ''Nealexia'' Wenz, 1920: synonym of ''Myosotella'' Monterosato, 1906 * ''Phytia'': synonym of ''Pythia'' Röding, 1798 * ''Pira'' H. & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of ''Melampus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Plecotrema'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of ''Laemodonta'' Philippi, 1846 * ''Rangitotoa'' Powell, 1933: synonym of ''Microtralia'' Dall, 1894 * ''Rhodostoma'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of ''Cassidula'' A. Férussac, 1821 (junior subjective synonym) * ''Sidula'' J. E. Gray, 1840: synonym of ''Cassidula'' A. Férussac, 1821 (junior subjective synonym) * ''Tifata'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of ''Melampus (Detracia)'' Gray, 1840 represented as ''Melampus'' Montfort, 1810 (junior subjective synonym) * ''Volatela'' Starobogatov, 1993: synonym of ''Myosotella'' Monterosato, 1906

;Taxonomic note: Genus ''Sarnia'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name, Sarnia ''[H. & A. Adams, 1855 (September), The Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 239''] is an incorrect subsequent spelling of ''Siona'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 which is a junior homonym of ''Siona'' Duponchel, 1829 [Lepidoptera].)

==Ecology== The taxon Ellobioidea comprises a group of morphologically and ecologically highly diverse snails, known to have successfully invaded the marine, brackish water and terrestrial habitats.<ref name="Weigand 2013">Weigand A. M., Jochum A., Slapnik R., Schnitzler J., Zarza E. & Klussmann-Kolb A. (2013). "Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses". ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' '''13''': 18. {{doi|10.1186/1471-2148-13-18|doi-access=free}}{{Creative Commons text attribution notice|cc=by2|from this source=yes}}</ref>

These are mostly snails that live in salt marshes and similar maritime habitats, and thus have a tolerance for saline conditions.

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *{{Commons category-inline|Ellobiidae}} *{{Wikispecies-inline|Ellobiidae}}

Category:Ellobiidae Category:Gastropod families Category:Taxa named by Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer