{{Short description|English convict sent to Australia aboard a ship of the Second Fleet}} {{about|the English convict|the American revolutionary|Elizabeth Maxwell Steele}} {{Use Australian English|date=March 2018}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}} {{Infobox person | name = Elizabeth Steele | image = <!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing brackets --> | alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --> | caption = | birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name --> | birth_date = c. 1766 | birth_place = England | death_date = 1795 | death_place = Sydney, Australia | other_names = | occupation = | years_active = | known_for = Convict | notable_works = }} '''Elizabeth Steel''' ({{circa|1766}} – 1795) was an English convict sent to Australia aboard a ship of the Second Fleet. Convicted in 1787 for the theft of a silver watch worth thirty shillings, she was sentenced to seven years penal transportation which she served at the settlements of Port Jackson and Norfolk Island. She was freed in 1794 but died ten months later.
Steel arrived in Sydney Cove as a convict on board ''Lady Juliana'' on 3 June 1790, as part of the Second Fleet, aged 23 or 24. At the time of her sentencing authorities described her as being 'mute by visitation of God', which is the earliest record of a deaf Australian, but there is no historical evidence yet that she used a sign language. Her charge at the Old Bailey was for stealing a silver watch from George Childs, who was a customer at the public house she worked at as a prostitute. After two months in Sydney, Elizabeth Steel was transferred to Norfolk Island. In November 1791, Steel married a fellow convict, Irish born James Mackey. Together they successfully farmed a {{convert|10|acre|m2|adj=on}} leasehold until the expiry of their sentences. Elizabeth returned to Sydney in 1794, but died the following year aged 29. Her burial at the Old Sydney Burial Ground was recorded on 8 June 1795.
==Headstone found== In 1991, Sydney Town Hall underwent major restoration works, during which excavations to lay new stormwater pipes under the Lower Town Hall, workmen discovered evidence of burials. Archaeologists were then employed to excavate the site and record their findings. Overlying the lid of one of the graves discovered in 1991 was the upper portion of a Georgian headstone, made of Sydney sandstone.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://history.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/foundations/zoom/lg_headstone2.html |title=Photo of Headstone |access-date=2 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621232951/http://history.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/foundations/zoom/lg_headstone2.html |archive-date=21 June 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Remnants of an inscription were visible:
''In Memory of''
''Eliz Steel died''
''1795 Aged …''
Although this headstone was found above the remains of the vault containing the skeletal remains of a female, forensic tests confirmed that there was no relationship between them. It is thought that the headstone may have fallen from another grave, possibly during the construction of the Town Hall in the late 1860s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/learn/history/people-and-places/old-sydney-burial-ground |title=Sydney Town Hall records |access-date=2 August 2013 |archive-date=31 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331064404/http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/learn/history/people-and-places/old-sydney-burial-ground |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==See also== *List of convicts transported to Australia
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== *[http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2325932 The story of Betty Steel : deaf convict and pioneer by Jan Branson and Don Miller] *Jackson, P.W. & Lee, R.* (Eds.).(2001). Deaf lives: Deaf people in history. Middlesex, ENG: British Deaf History Society
==External links== *{{Old Bailey|id=o17870523-1|defendant=ELIZABETH STEEL|trialdate=23 May 1787}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090205045124/http://ruthmorris13.googlepages.com/HistoricalAspectsofCourtInterpretingFINAL.pdf 24 October, 1787. Old Bailey] *[http://www.signum-verlag.de/BTitel/3-927731-59-5.html Collage - Works on International Deaf History] *[http://www.deafbooks.com/deaf-crime-casebook.htm Deaf Crime Casebook by Peter Jackson] *{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205045124/http://ruthmorris13.googlepages.com/HistoricalAspectsofCourtInterpretingFINAL.pdf |date=February 5, 2009 |title=The Face of Justice: Historical Aspects of Court Interpreting }}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Steel, Elizabeth}} Category:Convicts transported to Australia on the Second Fleet Category:Australian deaf people Category:1760s births Category:1795 deaths Category:People from Sydney Category:Place of birth unknown Category:Women convicts transported to Australia Category:English female criminals Category:English deaf people