{{Other uses|Helinand (disambiguation){{!}}Helinand}} {{Infobox royalty | name = Elinand | full name = | image = | caption = | succession = prince of Galilee | reign = 1143/44–1148/49 | predecessor = William I of Bures | successor = William II of Bures or Simon of Bures | spouse = Ermengarde of Ibelin (?) | issue = William II of Bures (?)<br/>Eschiva of Bures (?) | house = | father = Godfrey of Bures or Hosto of Fauquembergues ''(both uncertain)'' | mother = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = 1148/49 | death_place = | burial_place = | religion = Roman Catholicism }} '''Elinand''', also known as '''Elinard''', was prince of Galilee from 1143 or 1144 to around 1149. His parentage is unknown. He succeeded William I of Bures who either had died, or been forced into exile. Elinand was one of the main supporters of Queen Melisende of Jerusalem. Mu'in ad-Din Unur, the ruler of Damascus, bribed him during the siege of Damascus in 1148, according to gossips spreading in the crusaders' camp.
==Origins==
According to a widespread scholarly theory, Elinand was related to William I of Bures, who received the Principality of Galilee from Baldwin II of Jerusalem in 1119 or 1120.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|pp=157-159}} Historian Martin Rheinheimer associates Elinand with Elias, who was William I's nephew.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|p=159}} William I referred to Elias and his brother, William, as his heirs in 1126.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|p=159}} Rheinheimer also says, the brothers were the sons of William I's brother, Godfrey.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|p=165}} Godfrey was killed during a plundering raid in the spring of 1119.{{sfn|Runciman|1989|p=147}} Hans Eberhard Mayer refutes the association of Elinand with William I's nephew, emphasizing that the Biblical name, Elias, cannot be identical with the Germanic Elinand.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|p=159 (note 14)}} Historian Malcolm Barber identifies Elinand as William I's second son.{{sfn|Barber|2012|p=177}}
Mayer underlines that nothing proves that Elinand was William I's kinsman.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|pp=158, 163}} Mayer also notes, Elinand's otherwise rare name is well-documented in the region of Saint-Omer and Fauquembergues in the 12th century.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|p=164}} He concludes that Elinand was most probably a member of the Saint-Omer family, and thus he was related to the second prince of Galilee, Hugh of Fauquembergues.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|pp=163, 165}} He tentatively identifies Elinand's father with Hosto of Fauquembergues, who was castellan of Saint-Omer in the late 1120s, although no document evidences that Hosto fathered children.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|p=164}}
==Prince of Galilee==
[[File:Walls of Tiberian Fortress.jpg|thumb|right|Ruins of the crusaders' castle at Tiberias, the seat of the Principality of Galilee]]
The circumstances of Elinand's emergence to power are unknown.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|p=158}} Rheinheimer says that Elinand inherited the principality of Galilee (also known as the lordship of Tiberias) from William I in 1144.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|p=159}} Mayer argues that Elinand seized Galilee with the support of Queen Melisende of Jerusalem, who had forced William I into exile after the death of her husband, King Fulk.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|p=159}} Elinand became one of Melisende's main supporters.{{sfn|Barber|2012|p=177}}
Imad ad-Din Zengi laid siege to Edessa in late November 1144.{{sfn|Lock|2006|p=46}}{{sfn|Barber|2012|p=180}} Along with Manasses of Hierges and Philip of Milly, Eliland was appointed by Melisende to lead a relieve army to the town.{{sfn|Lock|2006|p=46}}{{sfn|Barber|2012|p=180}} They did not reach Edessa, because its defenders surrendered before the end of the year.{{sfn|Lock|2006|p=46}}{{sfn|Barber|2012|p=180}} Barber proposes that they most probably went to Antioch and participated in Raymond of Antioch's unsuccessful counter-offensive in early 1145.{{sfn|Barber|2012|p=180}}
Eliland attended the assembly of the commanders of the Second Crusade at Acre on 24 June 1148.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|p=160}} The commanders decided to attack Damascus.{{sfn|Lock|2006|p=49}} The siege of Damascus began on 23 July, but four days later the crusaders abandoned the siege and returned to the kingdom.{{sfn|Lock|2006|p=49}} According to gossips which had started to spread among the crusaders during the siege, Mu'in ad-Din Unur, the ruler of Damascus, bribed Elinand.{{sfn|Runciman|1989|p=283}} Shortly thereafter, Elinand either died,{{sfn|Barber|2012|p=180}} or forfeited Galilee.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|p=160}}
==Family==
A royal charter referred to Ermengarde, a sister of Hugh of Ibelin, as the lady of Tiberias in 1155.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|p=162}} Rheinheimer, Sylvia Schein and other historians write that Ermengarde was Elinand's wife.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|p=162}}{{sfn|Schein|1994|p=146}} They also say that Elinand's successor, William II, and William's heir, Eschiva, were their children.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|p=162}}{{sfn|Schein|1994|p=146}} On the other hand, Mayer and Peter W. Edbury propose that Ermengarde of Ibelin was the wife of William I of Bures.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|p=162}}{{sfn|Edbury|1997|p=5}} Mayer also says that Elinand was succeeded by William I's nephew, Simon of Bures.{{sfn|Mayer|1994|pp=160, 165}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Sources== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Barber |first=Malcolm |year=2012 |title=The Crusader States |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-11312-9 }} * {{cite book |last=Edbury |first=Peter W. |year=1997 |title=John of Ibelin and the Kingdom of Jerusalem |publisher=The Boydell Press |isbn=978-0-85115-703-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/johnofibelinki00edbu }} * {{cite book |last=Lock |first=Peter |year=2006 |title=The Routledge Companion to the Crusades |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9-78-0-415-39312-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Mayer |first=Hans Eberhard |author-link=Hans Eberhard Mayer |editor-last=Gyselen |editor-first=R. |title=Itinéraires d'Orient: Hommages à Claude Cahen |publisher=Groupe pour l'Étude de la Civilisation du Moyen-orient |year=1994 |pages=157–167 |chapter=The crusader principality of Galilee between Saint-Omer and Bures-sur-Yvette |isbn=978-2-9508266-0-2 |chapter-url=https://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/a/a007858.pdf}} * {{cite book |last=Schein |first=Sylvia |editor1-last=Edgington |editor1-first=Susan B. |editor2-last=Lambert |editor2-first=Sarah |title=Gendering the Crusades |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1994 |pages=140–152 |chapter=Women in Medieval Colonial Society: The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Twelfth Century |isbn=0-231-12598-4 }} * {{cite book |last=Runciman |first=Steven |author-link=Steven Runciman |year=1989 |title=A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-06163-6 }} {{Refend}}
{{s-start}} {{s-hou|||||1148/1149}} {{s-bef|before=William I of Bures}} {{s-ttl|title=Prince of Galilee|years=1143/1144–1148/1149}} {{s-aft|after=William II of Bures or<br/>Simon of Bures}} {{s-end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bures, Elinard de}} Crusaders Category:1148 deaths Category:French princes Elinard Category:Year of birth unknown Category:12th-century French people