{{Short description|Finnish painter (1861–1919)}} {{Infobox artist | name = Elin Danielson-Gambogi | image = File:Elin Danielson-Gambogi (1861-1919).jpg | caption = Photographed in the 1880s | image_size = 150px | birth_name = Elin Kleopatra Danielson | birth_date = {{Birth date|1861|9|3|df=yes}} | birth_place = Noormarkku, Grand Duchy of Finland | death_date = {{Death date and age|1919|12|31|1861|9|3|df=yes}} | death_place = {{ill|Antignano, Livorno|it|Antignano (Livorno)|lt=Antignano}}, Italy | field = Painting | training = | movement = Naturalism (arts) and Realism | works = | spouse = Raffaello Gambogi | patrons = | awards = | signature = }}
'''Elin Kleopatra Danielson-Gambogi''' ({{nee|'''Danielson'''}}; 3 September 1861 – 31 December 1919) was a Finnish painter, best known for her realist works and portraits. Danielson-Gambogi was part of the first generation of Finnish women artists who received professional education in art, the so-called "painter sisters' generation". The group also included Helene Schjerfbeck (1862–1946), Helena Westermarck (1857-1938), and Maria Wiik (1853-1928).<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bukowskis.com/fi/bukipedia/14955-elin-danielson-gambogi|title= Elin Danielson-Gambogi |publisher= bukowskis |access-date=January 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.blf.fi/artikel.php?id=4115 |title= Helene Schjerfbeck |publisher=Biografiskt lexikon för Finland|access-date=January 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Description for Portrait of Helena Westermarck |url=https://taide.art/artworks/SgZ_aXSxd0-1CkTbSnlGbQ/Helena-Westermarck |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=taide.art}}</ref>
==Biography== ===Early life and studies=== Elin Danielson was born in the small village of Noormarkku, near the city of Pori in Western Finland. She was the first-born child of Karl Danielson and Rosa Amalia Danielson, who both came from families of officers and officials, a middle-class background.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Wiljanen |first1=Anna-Maria |last2=Graham |first2=Fiona |date=2018-07-03 |title=The Various Roles of Women in the Artists' Colony of Önningeby |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17561310.2017.1327271 |journal=Art in Translation |language=en |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=352–370 |doi=10.1080/17561310.2017.1327271 |s2cid=193125895 |issn=1756-1310|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Her early years were spent on a family farm, Ala-Sihtola in Ilmajoki.<ref name=":0" /> Because of the Finnish famine of 1866–68, the farm failed and Karl Danielson went bankrupt.<ref name=":0" /> After being forced to sell the farm, her father committed suicide.<ref name="satakunnankansa"/> Her mother, Rosa, returned to Noormarkku with her two daughters.<ref name="satakunnankansa"/> Determined to provide a decent education for her daughters, Rosa worked in a variety of jobs. Following the tragedy, and surrounded by the strong female figures of her mother, aunt, and grandmother, Danielson adapted an independent survival strategy.<ref name=":0" />
At the age of 15, Danielson moved to Helsinki and began studying in the Academy of Fine Arts, where her teachers included Carl Eneas Sjöstrand and Hjalmar Munsterhjelm. In 1878, Danielson started courses with Adolf von Becker.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.blf.fi/artikel.php?id=3635 |title= Carl Eneas Sjöstrand|publisher= Biografiskt lexikon för Finland |access-date=January 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://runeberg.org/nfbr/0705.html|title= Munsterhjelm, Magnus Hjalmar|publisher=Nordisk familjebok|access-date=January 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lahteilla.fi/fi/person/adolf-von-becker |title= Adolf von Becker|publisher= lahteilla |access-date=January 1, 2019}}</ref>
===Paris=== In 1883 Danielson received a grant and moved to Paris. While there, she took lessons at the Académie Colarossi under Gustave Courtois and painted in Brittany during the summertime. A few years later she returned to Finland and lived with her relatives in Noormarkku and Pori. In 1888 she opened an atelier in Noormarkku. During the 1880s and 1890s she worked as a teacher in several art schools around Finland.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://awarewomenartists.com/en/artiste/elin-danielson-gambogi/ |title= Elin Danielson-Gambogi| publisher=awarewomenartists.com |access-date=January 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.tfsimon.com/academie-colarossi-paris.htm |title= Académie Colarossi |publisher= tfsimon.com |access-date=January 1, 2019}}</ref> She also attended the artists' colony Önningeby in Ålands. [[File:Önningebykolonin.jpg|thumb|Artists at Önningeby in 1886. At the front, from left: Hanna Rönnberg, Hilma Westerholm, Elin Danielson and Nina Ahlstedt. Behind them, sitting in the chair, Fredrik Ahlstedt, and standing by him Victor Westerholm. Sitting on the ground at the back, Alex Federley, and standing behind him J. A. G. Acke.]]
thumb|150px|right|''Mother'', 1893, modeled by the artist's sister<ref name="satakunnankansa">{{cite news |last1=Kuvaja |first1=Sini |title=Tunnetko tämän taiteen kultakauden mestarin Noormarkusta? Aikansa kapinallinen eli ja maalasi rohkeasti |url=https://www.satakunnankansa.fi/kulttuuri/tunnetko-taman-taiteen-kultakauden-mestarin-noormarkusta-aikansa-kapinallinen-eli-ja-maalasi-rohkeasti-14078114 |access-date=16 May 2020 |work=Satakunnan Kansa |date=18 February 2017}}</ref>
===Italy=== In 1895, she received a scholarship and traveled to Florence, Italy. A year later she moved to the village of Antignano in Livorno where she met an Italian painter 13 years younger than herself, Raffaello Gambogi (1874–1943). They began working together and got married on February 27, 1898.<ref name="satakunnankansa"/><ref name=":0" /> They held exhibitions in Paris, Florence (where she was awarded an art prize by the city<ref name="kansallisbiografia"/>) and Milan, and in many Finnish cities, and their paintings were also included in the 1900 World's Fair in Paris, where she again won bronze medal. She also got to second place in the 1901 national portrait painting competition organized by the Finnish state.<ref name="kansallisbiografia">{{cite web |last1=Konttinen |first1=Riitta |title=Danielson-Gambogi, Elin (1861 - 1919) |url=https://kansallisbiografia.fi/kansallisbiografia/henkilo/3344 |website=Kansallisbiografia |access-date=16 May 2020 |date=21 October 2015}}</ref> In 1899, King Umberto purchased a painting from her.<ref name="kansallisbiografia"/> That same year, she participated in the Venice Biennale.
Their marriage was strained when Raffaello had an affair with Danielson's Finnish friend Dora Wahlroos.<ref name="ylevintti" /><ref name="satakunnankansa"/> While the affair quickly ended, it had a lasting impact on the Gambogis' marriage.<ref name=":0" /> She moved to Finland for a while, but returned in 1903.<ref name="ylevintti">{{cite web |title=Danielson-Gambogi Elin |url=http://vintti.yle.fi/yle.fi/sininenlaulu/yle.fi/teema/sininenlaulu/artikkeli.php-id=113.htm |website=Yle}}</ref> Because of World War I, her connection to her homeland was cut, and by the time she died, of pneumonia, at Antignano in 1919, she had been mostly forgotten in Finland.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.800artstudio.com/en/gambogid.php|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131029204244/http://www.800artstudio.com/en/gambogid.php|url-status= dead|archive-date= October 29, 2013|title= Elin Danielson Gambogi|publisher= Galleria d'Arte Bacci di Capaci |author=Giovanna Bacci di Capaci Conti, translated by: Catherine Biggerstaff|access-date=January 1, 2019}}</ref>
==Legacy== Because of her choice of rare subject matters that often even caused some offence, Danielson is now seen as one of the central artists of the Golden Age of Finnish Art.<ref name="satakunnankansa"/> Danielson-Gambogi was included in the 2018 exhibit ''Women in Paris 1850-1900''.<ref name="Madeline">{{cite book |last1=Madeline |first1=Laurence |title=Women artists in Paris, 1850-1900 |date=2017 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300223934}}</ref>
==Works==
{{gallery |mode=packed |height=100 |Elin Danielson-Gambogi Ung mor.jpg|''Young Mother (Girl from Brittany)'', 1885 |Elin Danielson-Gambogi - Aunt Balda's Pastime.jpg|''Aunt Balda's Pastime'', 1886, one of her subjects that was criticized at the time<ref name="satakunnankansa"/> |Danielson-Gambogi, Talvikalastajia.jpg|''Winter Fishers'', 1887 |Elin Kleopatra Danielson-Gambogi 20.jpg|''Portrait of Hilma Westerholm'', 1888<br>{{NoteTag|It won a bronze medal at the Exposition Universelle of 1889.<ref name="satakunnankansa"/>}} |Elin Danielson-Gambogi - After Breakfast.jpg|''After Breakfast'', 1890, of which the artist herself stated that it could have been left unpainted<ref name="satakunnankansa"/> |Elin Danielson-Gambogi - Walborg Jacobsson-Eager.jpg|''Walborg Jacobsson-Eager'', 1890 |Elin Danielson-Gambogi - Sisters (1891).jpg|''Sisters'', 1891 |Danielson-Gambogi, Äidin huoli.jpg|''Mother's Care'', 1891, the subject of a mother looking for head lice in her child's hair was disturbing to an art critic of Päivälehti<ref name="satakunnankansa"/> |Elin Danielson-Gambogi - Girl with cats in a summer landscape (1892).jpg|''Girl with Cats in a Summer Landscape'', 1892 |Elin Danielson-Gambogi - Potato Harvesters.jpg|''Potato Harvesters'', 1893 |Gambogi37.jpg|''To Bed'', 1897 |Elin Danielson-Gambogi - In the Vineyard (1898).jpg|''In the Vineyard'', 1898 |Elin Danielson-Gambogi - Viinitarhassa II (1898).jpg|''In the Vineyard II'', 1898 |Elin Danielson-Gambogi - Antignano.jpg|''Antignano'', 1900 |Elin Danielson Gambogi - Le fil à linge.jpg|''A Sunny Day'', 1900 |Elin Danielson-Gambogi - Italian Family.jpg|''Italian Family'', 1900 |Elin Danielson-Gambogi - Evening Spell (After Dinner).jpg|''Evening Spell (After Dinner)'', 1900, with her husband Raffaello playing guitar to a guest |Elin Danielson-Gambogi - On the Way Home in the Evening Light.jpg|''On the Way Home in the Evening Light'', 1901 |Elin Danielson-Gambogi - The Musician.jpg|''The Musician'', unknown date |Elin Danielson-Gambogi - La Merenda (1904).jpg|''La Merenda'', 1904, at the Antignano beach in Livorno |Elin Danielson-Gambogi - Engaged (1906) (cropped).jpg|''Engaged'', 1906 |Elin Danielson-Gambogi - The Piano Player (1907).jpg|''The Piano Player'', 1907 |Elin Danielson Gambogi sunset.jpg|''Sunset'', 1915 |Elin Danielson-Gambogi - Antignano (1917) (cropped).jpg|''Antignano'', 1917 |Gambogi24.jpg|''Self-Portrait'', 1899 |Elin Danielson-Gambogi 1900.jpg|''Self-Portrait'', 1900 |Elin Danielson-Gambogi.jpg|''Self-Portrait'', 1903 }}
==See also== * Art in Finland
==Notes== {{reflist|group=note}}
==References== {{Reflist|2}}
==External links== * {{commons-inline|Paintings by Elin Danielson-Gambogi}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131029204244/http://www.800artstudio.com/en/gambogid.php Studio d'Arte dell'800] * [http://bjws.blogspot.fi/2011/11/female-finnish-painter-elin-kleopatra.html Female Finnish Painter Elin Kleopatra Danielson-Gambogi]
{{Authority control (arts)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Danielson-Gambogi, Elin}} Category:1861 births Category:1919 deaths Category:People from Noormarkku Category:19th-century Finnish painters Category:20th-century Finnish painters Category:19th-century Finnish women artists Category:Académie Colarossi alumni Category:Deaths from pneumonia in Tuscany Category:Painters from the Russian Empire Category:People from the Grand Duchy of Finland Category:20th-century Finnish women painters Category:19th-century women painters Category:Finnish emigrants Category:Finnish expatriates in France Category:Immigrants to Italy