County of Moray

{{redirect|Elginshire|the electoral constituency|Elginshire (UK Parliament constituency)}} {{redirect|County of Elgin|Ontario municipality|Elgin County}} {{about|the County of Moray|the council area|Moray}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{Use British English|date=July 2015}} {{Infobox settlement  | name = Moray | native_name = | native_name_lang =  | settlement_type = [[Shires of Scotland|Historic county]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of Morayshire.svg | flag_size = 150px | flag_link = Flag of Morayshire | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Morayshire - Scotland.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates = {{coord|57.3|-3.3|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Scotland]] | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = [[County town]] | seat = [[Elgin, Moray|Elgin]] | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = UK | area_footnotes = | area_total_sq_mi = 476 | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = {{convert|476|sqmi|km2|disp=number|0}} | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = Ranked 17th of 34 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = [[Chapman code]] | postal_code = MOR | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = {{URL|https://www.lordlieutenantmoray.co.uk/}} | footnotes = }}

The '''County of Moray''', ({{langx|gd|Moireibh}} {{IPA|gd|ˈmɤɾʲəv|}}) or '''Morayshire''', called '''Elginshire''' until 1919, is a [[historic counties of Scotland|historic county]] in Scotland. The county town was [[Elgin, Moray|Elgin]]. The historic county ceased to be used for local government purposes in 1975. Since 1996 most of the historic county's area has been included in the [[Moray]] [[council areas of Scotland|council area]]. The historic county boundaries are still used for certain functions, being a [[registration counties|registration county]]. There is also a Moray [[lieutenancy areas of Scotland|lieutenancy area]], covering a slightly smaller area than the historic county. The historic county borders [[Nairnshire]] to the west, [[Inverness-shire]] to the south, and [[Banffshire]] to the east, and has a coast onto the [[Moray Firth]] to the north.

==History== {{further|Province of Moray}} [[Province of Moray|Moray]] was a [[Provinces of Scotland|province]] in the [[Middle Ages]], covering a much larger area than the later county. It lay to the north of the [[Kingdom of Alba]] (early Scotland), sometimes functioning as a [[vassal]] of the Scottish crown, and at other times operating as a separate kingdom. Moray was finally absorbed into the Kingdom of Scotland during the 12th century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Turnock |first1=David |title=The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 |date=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521892292 |page=19 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iBvAmF38TBUC&pg=PA19 |access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref>

[[File:Medieval Moray.jpg|thumb|left|Map showing [[Province of Moray|the medieval province]], [[Diocese of Moray|diocese]], and [[Earl of Moray|earldom]] of Moray, which each had different definitions (and were subject to occasional changes).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rampini |first1=Charles |title=A History of Moray and Nairn |date=1897 |location=Edinburgh}}</ref>]] In order to secure the Scottish crown's authority over the area, it was divided into [[Shires of Scotland|shires]], being areas administered by a [[sheriff principal|sheriff]]. The old earldom of Moray was broadly split into the three shires of Elginshire, [[Nairnshire]], and the mainland parts of [[Inverness-shire]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shaw |first1=Lachlan |title=The History of the Province of Moray: Volume 1 |date=1882 |publisher=Hamilton, Adams and Co. / Thomas D. Morison |location=London / Glasgow |page=47 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lpJJAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22province+of+moray%22&pg=PA404 |access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref>

There is some evidence that these shires were established under [[David I of Scotland|David I]] (reigned 1124–1153), but the earliest documented [[Sheriff of Elgin]] was in the 13th century.<ref name=Caledonia>{{cite book |last1=Chalmers |first1=George |title=Caledonia: Volume 7 |date=1894 |publisher=Alexander Gardner |location=Paisley |pages=257–262 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Dg6AQAAMAAJ&dq=chalmers%20caledonia&pg=PA262 |access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref> There was also a short-lived shire centred on [[Sheriff of Forres|Forres]], which in the early 14th century was grouped with Nairn, before later being united instead with Elgin.<ref>{{cite book |title=Publications of the Scottish History Society |date=1928 |page=361 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G5UxAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Elgin%20and%20Forres%20appear%20to%20stand%20as%20separate%20sheriffdoms%22 |access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref> The shire of Elgin was therefore sometimes called the shire of 'Elgin and Forres'.<ref name=1947act/>

The shire of Elgin, or Elginshire, was seen as the core of the old territory of Moray and so was informally sometimes called Moray or Morayshire.<ref name=Caledonia/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/search/place/morayshire?id=20 |title=Morayshire County |website=Scotland's Places |publisher=Historic Environment Scotland, the National Records of Scotland and the National Library of Scotland |access-date=2021-06-25 }}</ref> 'Murrayshire' and 'Morrowshire' were sometimes used historically as alternate spellings.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McWillie |first1=Robert |title=The McWillie Diaries: The Diary of a Scottish Tenant Farm (1826 to 1876) |date=1999 |publisher=Keith and District Heritage Group |pages=252, 219 |url=https://kadhg.org.uk/d/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/George_McWillie_Diary_1826-1876.pdf |access-date=22 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Stewart |first1=Douglas G. J. |title=Allowances to Wives and Family of Militiamen Elgin 1810–1812 |date=2016 |publisher=Moray and Nairn Family History Society |page=15 |url=http://www.morayandnairnfhs.co.uk/pdfs/allowances.pdf |access-date=22 August 2024}}</ref>

Over time, Scotland's shires became more significant than the old provinces, with more administrative functions being given to the sheriffs. In 1667 [[Commissioners of Supply]] were established for each shire, which would serve as the main administrative body for the area until the creation of county councils in 1890. Following the [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union]] in 1707, the English term 'county' came to be used interchangeably with the older term 'shire'.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Keith |title=Act of the convention of estates of the kingdom of Scotland etc. for a new and voluntary offer to his majesty of £72,000 monthly for the space of twelve months, 23 January 1667 |url=http://www.rps.ac.uk/trans/1667/1/10 |website=Records of the Parliament of Scotland |publisher=University of St Andrews |access-date=25 February 2023}}</ref>

The population of Elginshire in 1841 was 35,012.<ref>{{cite book |title=The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge |date=1848 |publisher=Charles Knight |location=London |page=783|volume=V |edition=First}}</ref>

There were occasional adjustments to county boundaries. For example, in 1870, an [[exclave]] of Inverness-shire (surrounded by Nairnshire, Elginshire and Banffshire), including [[Cromdale]] and [[Grantown-on-Spey]], was transferred to Elginshire,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Inverness and Elgin County Boundaries Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict c. 16) |date=1870 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TnsDAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA6-PA111 |access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref> while the Elginshire's southern exclave around [[Nethy Bridge|Abernethy]] and [[Duthil]] went to Inverness-shire.

[[File:Elgin Sheriff Court.jpg|thumb|[[Elgin Sheriff Court]]: The county's main courthouse, built 1866.<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num= LB30778|desc=Elgin Sheriff Court including boundary wall and railings, High Street and Glover Street, Elgin|access-date=18 July 2021}}</ref>]] Elected county councils were established in 1890 under the [[Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889]], taking most of the functions of the commissioners (which were eventually abolished in 1930). The [[burgh]] of Elgin was deemed capable of providing its own county-level local government functions, and so it was excluded from the administrative area of the county council, although the county council still chose to base itself there.<ref>{{cite book |title=Guide to local government in parishes, counties and burghs |date=1892 |publisher=Royal College of Physicians |location=Edinburgh |pages=xxiii–xxx |url=https://archive.org/details/b21905678/page/n29/mode/2up |access-date=31 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The County Council Magazine |date=1890 |publisher=F. Warne and Company |location=London |page=284 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nfAZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA284 |access-date=31 December 2021 |chapter=Preparing for the elections in Scotland}}</ref> Elginshire County Council held its first meeting on 22 May 1890 at the Old Courthouse (built 1837) which adjoined [[Elgin Sheriff Court]]. The Old Courthouse also served as the meeting place for the commissioners.<ref>{{cite news |title=Elginshire County Council: Getting into harness |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/search-newspapers |access-date=21 August 2024 |work=Moray and Nairn Express |date=24 May 1890 |page=5}}</ref>

The 1889 Act also led to a review of boundaries, with exclaves being transferred to a county they actually bordered, and parish and county boundaries being adjusted to eliminate cases where parishes straddled county boundaries. There were several such changes affecting the boundaries of Elginshire, notably absorbing three detached parts of Nairnshire which were surrounded by Elginshire.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shennan |first1=Hay |title=Boundaries of counties and parishes in Scotland as settled by the Boundary Commissioners under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 |date=1892 |publisher=W. Green |location=Edinburgh |page=155 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_meygAAAAMAAJ/page/n191/mode/2up |access-date=20 August 2024}}</ref>

At a meeting on 7 May 1919, Elginshire County Council voted to change the name of the county from the County of Elgin or Elginshire to Moray.<ref>{{cite news |title=Morayshire County Council: Official name of the county |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/search-newspapers |access-date=21 August 2024 |work=Aberdeen Daily Journal |date=8 May 1919 |page=8}}</ref> The government responded by directing all departments to use Moray, but noted that the legal name would remain Elgin until such time as it could be changed by statute.<ref>{{cite news |title=County of Elgin or Moray? Mr Munro and the proposed change of name |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/search-newspapers |access-date=21 August 2024 |work=Aberdeen Daily Journal |date=5 November 1919 |page=4}}</ref> The statutory change of name from Elgin to Moray eventually took place in 1947 under the [[Local Government (Scotland) Act 1947]].<ref name=1947act>{{cite web |title=Local Government (Scotland) Act 1947, Section 127 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/10-11/43/part/VI/crossheading/change-of-name/enacted |website=legislation.gov.uk |publisher=The National Archives |access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://maps.nls.uk/geo/boundaries/history.html#histcounty |title=1.3 History of Counties |website=Scottish Counties and Parishes: their history and boundaries on maps |publisher=National Library of Scotland |access-date=2021-06-25 }}</ref>

Reforms in 1930 under the [[Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929]] saw the burgh of Elgin brought within the administrative area of the county council, and merged the county councils of Moray and neighbouring Nairnshire for most purposes. The two county councils continued to be elected as separate bodies, but operated together as the "Joint County Council of Moray and Nairn", serving the combined area of the two counties.<ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=act|act=Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929|year=1929|chapter=25|section=10|access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|city=e|issue=19664|page=652|date=9 May 1975}}</ref>

Moray County Council was initially based at the Old Courthouse adjoining Elgin Sheriff Court on the High Street in Elgin. By the 1930s it was too small and so was demolished and replaced by a new headquarters on the same site, called the 'County Buildings'. Work began on the new building in 1938 but was paused due to the [[Second World War]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Elgin |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/search-newspapers |access-date=22 August 2024 |work=Aberdeen Press and Journal |date=29 March 1938 |page=6}}</ref> The new building was eventually completed in 1952.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mr Stuart opens new County Buildings: Elgin ceremony |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/search-newspapers |access-date=22 August 2024 |work=The Scotsman |date=19 April 1952 |page=5}}</ref>

In 1975 the [[Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973]] reorganised local government in Scotland into a two-tier system of [[Local government areas of Scotland (1975–1996)|regions and districts]]. The burgh of Grantown-on-Spey and district of Cromdale which surrounded it (which area had been in Inverness-shire prior to 1870), was included in the [[Badenoch and Strathspey]] district of the [[Highland (council area)|Highland]] region. The rest of the pre-1975 county of Moray was included in a new district called [[Moray]] in the [[Grampian]] region, which also took in significant territory from the western part of [[Banffshire]].<ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=act|act=Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973|year=1973|chapter=65|accessdate=17 April 2023}}</ref>

In 1996 the Scottish local government system was reorganised again, this time into single-tier [[Council areas of Scotland|council areas]]. The Moray district became one of the new council areas.<ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=act|act=Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994|year=1994|chapter=39|accessdate=17 April 2023}}</ref> The boundaries of the pre-1975 county of Moray are still used for some limited official purposes connected with land registration, being a [[registration county]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ros.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/14921/LandMassCoverageReport2015-proofed.pdf |title=Land Mass Coverage Report |publisher=Registers of Scotland |access-date=2015-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232505/https://www.ros.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/14921/LandMassCoverageReport2015-proofed.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The pre-1975 county of Moray excluding Cromdale and Grantown-on-Spey also serves as a lieutenancy area.<ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=si|si=The Lord-Lieutenants (Scotland) Order 1996|year=1996|number=731|access-date=3 August 2024}}</ref>

== Coat of arms == Granted in 1927 by the [[Lord Lyon King of Arms|Lord Lyon]], Moray County Council's coat-of-arms was: ''Quarterly: 1st and 4th Azure, three mullets argent; 2nd and 3rd Argent, three cushions gules within a tressure flory-counter-flory of the last.'' The motto was ''SUB SPE'', [[Latin]] for "In Hope", a pun on the [[River Spey]], which flows through the county. The coat of arms, described by [[Thomas Innes of Learney]], a future Lord Lyon, in the ''Elgin Courant'' of 6 May 1927 as "the most beautiful county arms in Scotland", represented the [[clan Murray]] and [[Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray|Randolph, Earl of Moray]], the two main landowners.<ref>{{cite book|last=Urquhart|first=R.M.|title=Scottish Burgh and County Heraldry|publisher=Heraldry Today|edition=1973|pages=77–78}} consulted 20 December 2013.</ref>

==Geography== [[File:LochindorbCastle.JPG|thumb|right|Lochindorb in southern Moray]] Moray consists of a flattish coastal section, containing the main towns, with a hilly interior, extending into the [[Grampian Mountains]] in the far south. Notable features of the coast are [[Findhorn Bay]] and the broad arc of [[Burghead Bay]]. The coast around Lossiemouth is somewhat rockier, and includes the small islands of [[Covesea Skerries Lighthouse|Covesea Skerries]] and Halliman Skerries offshore.

There are several lochs in the county, none of which are particularly large. They include Loch Dallas, Loch Noir, the Lochs of Little Benshalag, Loch of the Cowlatt, Lochanan a' Ghiubhais, Loch an Salich, Loch Trevie, Loch Tutach, Loch Allan, Loch Stuart, Loch Mhic Leòid, Loch Ille Mhòr, Lochan Dubh, Loch nan Stuirteag, Loch an t-Sithein and [[Lochindorb]].

==Settlements== Prior to 1975, there were six [[burgh]]s in the county. Burghs were abolished as part of the 1975 local government reforms. The burghs were:<ref>{{cite web |title=Quarter-inch Administrative Areas Maps: Scotland, Sheet 5, 1969 |url=https://maps.nls.uk/view/222075470 |website=National Library of Scotland |publisher=Ordnance Survey |access-date=22 August 2024}}</ref> *[[Burghead]] *[[Elgin, Moray|Elgin]] *[[Forres]] *[[Grantown-on-Spey]] *[[Lossiemouth and Branderburgh]] *[[Rothes]]

Other settlements include: {{div col|colwidth=20em}} *[[Alves, Moray|Alves]] *[[Archiestown]] *[[Cromdale]] *[[Cummingston]] *[[Dallas, Moray|Dallas]] *[[Duffus]] *[[Dyke, Moray|Dyke]] *[[Findhorn]] *[[Fochabers]] *[[Fogwatt]] *[[Garmouth, Moray|Garmouth]] *[[Hopeman]] *[[Kellas, Moray|Kellas]] *[[Kingston, Moray|Kingston on Spey]] *[[Kinloss, Scotland|Kinloss]] *[[Kintessack]] *[[Lhanbryde]] *[[Longmorn]] *[[Mosstodloch]] *[[Rafford]] *[[Urquhart, Moray|Urquhart]] {{div col end}} <gallery mode="packed" class="center"> File:Burghead Seafront - geograph.org.uk - 246847.jpg|Burghead File:Dallas.JPG|Dallas File:Elgin cathedral 2.jpg|Elgin File:Findhorn Rainbow.JPG|Findhorn File:Fochabers and the Spey.JPG|Fochabers File:ForresHighStreet.JPG|Forres </gallery>

==Civil parishes== [[File:1861 MORAYSHIRE (Elginshire) & NAIRNSHIRE.jpg|thumb|right|[[Morayshire]] (Elginshire) & [[Nairnshire]] Civil Parish map. c.1861]] [[File:Blaeu - Atlas of Scotland 1654 - MORAVIA - Moray and Nairn.jpg|thumb|Moravia in Blaeu's 1654 ''Atlas of Scotland'']] [[Civil parishes in Scotland|Civil parishes]] are still used for some statistical purposes, and separate census figures are published for them. As their areas have been largely unchanged since the 19th century this allows for comparison of population figures over an extended period of time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oldroadsofscotland.com/stataccelgin.htm |title=Elginshire: Old and New Statistical Accounts |website=Old Roads of Scotland |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210602041410/www.oldroadsofscotland.com/stataccelgin.htm |archive-date=2 June 2021}}</ref> From 1845 to 1930, parishes formed part of the local government system of Scotland, having parochial boards from 1845 to 1894.

In 1861 there were 15 civil parishes entirely in Moray:<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=John Marius |authorlink=John Marius Wilson |title=The Imperial gazetteer of Scotland; or, Dictionary of Scottish topography |date=1854–1857 |publisher=A. Fullarton |location=Edinburgh |pages=460 |url=https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee02wilsuoft/page/460/mode/2up?view=theater |via=Archive.org}}</ref> # [[Alves, Moray|Alves]] # Birnie # [[Dallas, Moray|Dallas]] # Drainie<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scottish-places.info/parishes/parmap189.html |title=Map of the Parish of Drainie in the Historical County of Moray |website=[[Gazetteer for Scotland]]}}</ref> # [[Duffus]] # Edinkillie (see [[List of listed buildings in Edinkillie, Moray]]) # [[Elgin, Moray|Elgin]] # [[Forres]] # [[Kinloss, Scotland|Kinloss]] # [[Knockando, Moray|Knockando]] # [[Lhanbryde]] # [[Rafford]] # Speymouth # Spynie # [[Urquhart, Moray|Urquhart]]

In 1861 Morayshire shared various civil parishes with three surrounding counties. Five with [[Banffshire]]: # Bellie [[Fochabers]] # [[Boharm]] # Inveraven # [[Keith, Moray|Keith]] # [[Rothes]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scottish-places.info/parishes/parmap295.html |title=Map of the Parish of Inveravon in the Historical County of Banff |website=[[Gazetteer for Scotland]]}}</ref>

three with [[Inverness-shire]]: # Abernethy # [[Cromdale]] # Duthill

and one with [[Nairnshire]]: # [[Dyke, Moray|Dyke]]

==Flag== {{main|Flag of Moray}} In 2023, the [[Lord Lieutenant of Moray]] organised a competition to design a flag for the lieutenancy area. The winning design is green, gold and blue, representing the area's agriculture and links to the sea.<ref>{{cite web |title=Moray's new flag is launched |url=https://www.lordlieutenantmoray.co.uk/morays-new-flag-is-launched-as-dallas-primary-school-pupil-aila-gibson-hoists-her-design-into-the-air-at-elgin-town-hall/ |website=Lieutenancy of Moray |date=3 November 2023 |access-date=24 August 2024}}</ref>

==See also== * [[List of counties of Scotland 1890–1975]] * [[List of civil parishes in Scotland]]

==References== {{reflist}}

==Further reading== * Lachlan Shaw and James Frederick Skinner Gordon (1882) ''The History of the Province of Moray: Comprising the Counties of Elgin and Nairn, the Greater Part of the County of Inverness and a Portion of the County of Banff'', Published by Hamilton, Adams & co., * {{cite web|first=C. Michael |last=Hogan |url=http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/11228/longman_hill.html#fieldnotes |title=The Modern Antiquarian |year=2008 |publisher=Longman Hill}} * R.M. Urquhart (1973) ''Scottish Burgh and County Heraldry'', published by Heraldry Today

==External links== *[https://www.nesmslibrary.org/rvp/gww/php/myview.php Morayshire Photographs] from the [[George Washington Wilson]] 1904 Catalogue of Landscape and Architectural Views in Scotland

{{DEFAULTSORT:Moray}}  [[Category:Counties of Scotland]] [[Category:Lieutenancy areas of Scotland]] [[Category:County of Moray| ]] [[Category:Counties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)]]