{{Short description|Species of fish}} {{Speciesbox | image = Elacatinus figaro RZPG.jpg | status = | status_system = | taxon = Elacatinus figaro | authority = Sazima, Moura & Rosa, 1997 | synonyms = | synonyms_ref = }}

'''''Elacatinus figaro''''', the '''barber goby''' or '''yellow line goby''', is a colourful species of marine goby, family [[Gobiidae]], from the southwestern Atlantic, where it is [[endemism|endemic]] to the coastal waters of [[Brazil]]. [[File:Elacatinus figaro.JPG|thumb|''Elacatinus figaro'']]

==Description== ''E. figaro'' is dark in colour with yellow ventral and dorsal stripes and opaque blue [[pectoral fins]]. It has a terminal mouth and the [[pelvic fins]] are merged to form a suction cup. They are normally 2.5-3.4&nbsp;cm in length.<ref name = Georgia>{{cite web | url = http://www.georgiaaquarium.org/animal-guide/georgia-aquarium/home/galleries/ocean-voyager/gallery-animals/barber-goby | title = Barber Goby (''Elacatinus figaro'') | accessdate = 18 February 2017 | publisher = [[Georgia Aquarium]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170219105302/http://www.georgiaaquarium.org/animal-guide/georgia-aquarium/home/galleries/ocean-voyager/gallery-animals/barber-goby | archive-date = 19 February 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Distribution== The barber goby is endemic to the waters off Brazil, where it occurs from [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]] in the south to [[Pedra do Sal]] in [[Piauí]] in the north.<ref name = Almeida>{{cite journal| title = ''Elacatinus figaro'' Sazima, Moura & Rosa, 1997 (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae): Distribution extension of a Brazilian endangered endemic reef fish with comments on south-western Atlantic Ocean biogeography | journal = Marine Biodiversity Records | author1 = Daniel Fernando Almeida | author2 = Gabriel Soares Araujo | author3 = Marcelo R. Britto | author4 = Cláudio Luis Santos Sampaio | year = 2016 | volume = 9 | issue = 59| article-number = 59 | doi = 10.1186/s41200-016-0054-1 | bibcode = 2016MBdR....9...59A | s2cid = 4982596 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

==Biology== ''E. figaro'' is found over substrates made up of coral and rocky either just off the coast of mainland Brazil or off inshore islands at depths of 3–20 m. It occurs either solitarily or in small groups of up to six fish over coral heads, among encrusting algae and crustose sponges, or in the vicinity of sea urchins, retreating to seek protection among the spines if threatened. It feeds mainly by cleaning other fish, e.g. ''[[Ophioblennius atlanticus]]'', ''[[Abudefduf saxatilis]]'', ''[[Mycteroperca rubra]]'', and ''[[Mycteroperca acutirostris]]''.<ref name = Fishbase>{{cite web | url = http://www.fishbase.se/summary/Elacatinus-figaro.html | title = ''Elacatinus figaro'' Sazima, Moura & Rosa, 1997 | accessdate = 18 February 2017 | publisher = [[Fishbase]] | editor1 = R. Froese | editor2 = D . Pauly | year = 2016 | author1 = Estelita Emily Capuli | author2 = Nicolas Bailly}}</ref>

==Conservation== The Ministério do Meio Ambiente Red List of Brazilian Fauna published in 2014 lists ''E.s figaro'' as a threatened species, and recommends that it fits the vulnerable category of [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]'s [[IUCN Red List of Endangered Species]].<ref name = Almeida/> The export of ''E. figaro'' from Brazil is illegal, which means that captive-bred specimens are the only ones which can be legally sold within the aquarium trade.<ref name = ORA>{{cite web | url = http://www.orafarm.com/product/yellowline-goby/ | title = Yellowline (''Elacatinus figaro'') | accessdate = 18 February 2017 | publisher = Oceans, Reefs & Aquariums LLC }}</ref>

==Naming== The [[generic name (biology)|generic name]] ''Elacatinus'' is from Greek ''elakatines'' which means [[wikt:fusiform|fusiform]] fishes preserved in salt, while the specific name ''figaro'' references [[Pierre Beaumarchais]]'s title character in the play ''[[The Barber of Seville (play)|The Barber of Seville]]''.<ref name = Fishbase/> The type specimen was taken at [[Pedra Do Navio]], [[Ilha Anchieta]], [[Ubatuba]], [[São Paulo (state)|state of São Paulo]] by I. Sazima, R. Moura and C. Sazima, and the description was published in April 1997 in ''Aqua: Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology'' Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 33–38.<ref name = eol>{{cite web | url = http://eol.org/pages/215281/details | title = ''Elacatinus figaro'' | accessdate = 18 February 2017 | publisher = Encyclopedia of Life}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

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[[Category:Elacatinus|Fig]] [[Category:Endemic fish of Brazil]] [[Category:Marine fish of Brazil]] [[Category:Fish described in 1997]]