Al-Qubayba, Ramle

{{Short description|Arab village in Mandatory Palestine}} {{About|the former village in Ramle Sub-district|the former village in Hebron Sub-district|Al-Qubayba, Hebron|the Palestinian village in Jerusalem|Al-Qubeiba, Jerusalem}} {{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Al-Qubayba | native_name = القبيبة | native_name_lang = ar | settlement_type =  | image_skyline = File:Kubeiba upper building - Kfar Gvirol - Rehovot 2.jpg | image_caption = Relic of a house built in Al-Qubayba before 1948 | etymology = The little dome<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/272/mode/1up 272]</ref>  | pushpin_map = Mandatory Palestine | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Mandatory Palestine | image_map = {{Historical map series|default=2|date1=1870s|date2=1940s|date3=modern|date4=1940s with modern overlay|width=225|name=al-Qubayba, Ramle}} | map_caption = A series of historical maps of the area around Al-Qubayba, Ramle (click the buttons) | pushpin_mapsize = 200 | coordinates = {{coord|31|53|41|N|34|46|17|E|type:city_region:PS|display=inline,title}} | grid_name = Palestine grid | grid_position = 128/144  | subdivision_type = Geopolitical entity | subdivision_name = Mandatory Palestine | subdivision_type1 = Subdistrict | subdivision_name1 = Ramle  | established_title1 = Date of depopulation | established_date1 = May 27–28, 1948<ref>Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR19 xix], village #251. Also gives cause of depopulation.</ref> | established_title2 = Repopulated dates  | area_footnotes = <ref name=Hadawi68/> | unit_pref = dunam | area_total_dunam = 10,737  | population_as_of = 1945 | population_total = 1,720<ref name=DoS1945p30>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p30.jpg 30]</ref><ref name=Hadawi68>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/al-Ramla/Page-068.jpg 68]</ref>  | blank_name_sec1 = Cause(s) of depopulation | blank_info_sec1 = Expulsion by Yishuv forces | blank3_name_sec1 = Current Localities | blank3_info_sec1 = Ge'alya;<ref name=Khalidi408>Khalidi, 1992, p. 408</ref> Kfar Gevirol;<ref name=Khalidi408/> Kefar Hanaggid is near settlement land,<ref>Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR21 xxi], settlement #85.</ref> but located on land belonging to Yibna }}

'''Al-Qubayba''' ({{langx|ar|القبيبة}}) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Ramle Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War on May 27, 1948, by the Givati Brigade as part of the Second stage of Operation Barak. It was located 10.5 km southeast of Ramla near the Rubin River (or Wadi al-Sarar) which provided the village with water and irrigation for agriculture. Al-Qubayba was mostly destroyed with the exception of a few houses, and ''Kfar Gevirol'' was built in its place, now a suburb in the west of Rehovot.

==History== === Ottoman Empire === In the late Ottoman era, Pierre Jacotin noted it as an unnamed village on his map from 1799.<ref>Karmon, 1960, p. [http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf 171] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201182028/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf |date=2017-12-01 }}</ref>

In 1863, Victor Guérin found the village to contains four hundred and fifty inhabitants. The houses were grouped together on a hill, and surrounded by gardens planted with figs, olives, cucumbers, and tobacco.<ref>Guérin, 1869, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/52/mode/1up 52]</ref>

An Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed ''Kubebe'' with a population of 499, in 210 houses, though the population count included men, only.<ref>Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/157/mode/1up 157]</ref><ref>Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n941/mode/1up 133], noted 209 houses</ref>

In 1882, the PEF's ''Survey of Western Palestine'' described ''Kubeibeh'' as "a moderately large village, principally of mud, with cactus hedges surrounding gardens, standing on high ground. There is a well in the gardens to the east, and another to the south of the village."<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SWPp.408.png 408]</ref>

=== British Mandate === An elementary school for boys was founded in 1929, and by 1945 it had an enrollment of 344 students.<ref name=Khalidi407>Khalidi, 1992, p. 407</ref>

thumb|al Qubayba 1941 1:20,000 thumb|al Qubayba 1945 1:250,000

In the 1931 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, El Qubeiba had 799 Muslim inhabitants in 160 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 22]</ref>

In the 1945 statistics, the village had a population of 1,720 Muslims,<ref name=DoS1945p30/> and the total land area was 10,737 dunams.<ref name=Hadawi68/> Of this, Arabs used 4,639 dunams for citrus and bananas, 1,143 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards, 2,972 dunums were allocated to cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/al-Ramla/Page-116.jpg 116].</ref> while 43 dunams were classified as built-up urban areas.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/al-Ramla/Page-166.jpg 166]</ref>

=== Israel === The village was depopulated by the Israeli army in 1948.<ref name=Khalidi408/> Houses that were not destroyed were soon occupied by Jewish immigrants. Over time it became a community called Kfar Gevirol, later incorporated into Rehovot as a neighborhood called Ibn Gevirol.<ref name=KohnTavor>{{cite journal | title = Tell Musa Shahin — al-Kubeibeh: a 19th-20th Century Village | author = Achia Kohn-Tavor, Rona S. Avissar Lewis, Ron Kehati | pages = 230–245 | journal = NGSBA Archaeology | year = 2022 | volume = 6 | url = https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vered-Eshed/publication/367655650_The_Human_Remains_from_the_Muslim_Cemetery_at_Khirbet_Sheikh_Sa'ad/links/63da31f264fc860638035d7d/The-Human-Remains-from-the-Muslim-Cemetery-at-Khirbet-Sheikh-Saad.pdf#page=232}}</ref> The mosque was converted into a synagogue which collapsed in the 1980s.<ref name=KohnTavor/>

The Israeli moshav of Ge'alya was also constructed on village land.<ref name=Khalidi408/>

In 1992 the village site was described: "The walls and rubble of collapsed houses intermingle with the buildings of the Israeli settlements that have been established on the site. A former pool is used as a garbage dump. Some houses remain. One house, occupied by Jewish residents, is of modest size and is made of masonry; the beams that support its flat roof protrude slightly from the masonry of the exterior walls. Another village house is now used as a restaurant. Part of the school, a long building with a rectangular door and windows, still stands. Cactus hedges and sycamore and palm trees grow on the southern edge of the site."<ref name=Khalidi408/>

==References== {{reflist|25em}}

==Bibliography== {{refbegin}} *{{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B. | title =Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 | url =https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 | publisher =Government of Palestine | year =1923 }} *{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=2}} *{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945|url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}} *{{cite journal| author =Goldwasser, Orly| title =On the Date of Seth from Qubeibeh| url =https://www.academia.edu/6465696| journal =Israel Exploration Journal| volume =42| year =1992| pages =47–52}} *{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongog02gu|volume=1: Judee, pt. 2|year=1869|publisher=L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}} *{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center|access-date=2009-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208215837/http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|archive-date=2018-12-08|url-status=dead}} *{{cite journal | last = Hartmann | first = M. | author-link = Martin Hartmann | title = Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871) | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 6 | pages = 102–149 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ | year = 1883 }} *{{cite journal | author = Karmon, Y. | title = An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine | url = http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf | journal = Israel Exploration Journal | volume = 10 | issue = 3,4 | year = 1960 | pages = 155–173; 244–253 | access-date = 2015-03-22 | archive-date = 2017-12-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171201182028/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf | url-status = dead }} *{{cite book|title=All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ|first=W.|last=Khalidi|author-link=Walid Khalidi|year=1992|location=Washington D.C.|publisher=Institute for Palestine Studies|isbn=0-88728-224-5}} *{{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas | url = https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932 }} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C |first=B. |last=Morris |author-link=Benny Morris |year=2004 |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited |isbn=978-0-521-00967-6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }} *{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}} *{{cite journal | last = Socin | first = A. | author-link = Albert Socin | title = Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 2 | pages = 135–163 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut | year = 1879 }} {{refend}}

==External links== *[http://www.palestineremembered.com/al-Ramla/al-Qubayba/index.html Welcome to al-Qubayba] *[http://www.zochrot.org/en/village/49456 al-Qubayba (Ramla)], Zochrot *Survey of Western Palestine, Map 16: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8378 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.16.jpg Wikimedia commons] *[http://www.alnakba.org/villages/ramla/qubayba.htm al-Qubayba] at Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center

{{Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War}}

Category:Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War Category:District of Ramla