{{Short description|Park in Lima, Peru}} {{about|the park in Lima, Peru|other uses|Campo Marte (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox park | name = | image = Campo de marte.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = <!-- or | map_image = --> | map_size = | type = [[Public park]] | location = [[Jesús María District, Lima]] | nearest_city = | coordinates = | area = 68,850 [[Square metre|m<sup>2</sup>]] | created = 1938 | operator = | visitation_num = | status = | designation = | open = }} The '''Campo de Marte''', also known as the '''Plaza de la Revolución''',<ref name=ElTiempo>{{Cite news |title=Después 30 años buscan que Grupo Niche tenga récord Ginness en Perú |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/cali/buscan-record-guinness-para-el-grupo-niche-por-concierto-en-peru-en-1989-353100 |date=2019-04-29 |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]]}}</ref> is a [[public park]] in [[Jesús María District, Lima]], [[Peru]]. It is one of the largest parks in the [[Lima metropolitan area|metropolitan area of the city]], and similar in size to the [[Park of the Exhibition]] and the [[Park of the Reserve]]. It was originally part of the [[Santa Beatriz]] area of [[Lima District]] and, from 1903 to 1938, housed the [[Hipódromo de Santa Beatriz|Santa Beatriz Hippodrome]] until its replacement by the one in [[Hipódromo de San Felipe|San Felipe estate]], located further south in the district.
The racetrack was eventually paved over with asphalt and given the street name '''[[#Avenue|Peruvianness Avenue]]''' ({{langx|es|Avenida de la Peruanidad}}). The stands, which remained after the racecourse was disestablished, are currently used for spectators watching the [[Great Military Parade of Peru]], held annually on July 29, the day after [[Fiestas Patrias (Peru)|Independence Day]].
Considered the "lung" of the district (and the city), it is located near the headquarters of a number of government institutions, including the [[National Office of Electoral Processes]], the ministries of [[Ministry of Health (Peru)|Health]], [[Ministry of Labour and Promotion of Employment (Peru)|Labour]] and [[Ministry of Defense (Peru)|Defence]], as well as of the [[Peruvian Air Force]]. It also houses an [[acoustical shell]].<ref name=Coloma>{{Cite news |title=Los 60 años de la Concha Acústica del Campo de Marte |url=https://repositorio.cultura.gob.pe/handle/CULTURA/674 |last=Coloma Porcari |first=César |date=2000-07-21 |pages=A18 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref>
==History== Preceded by the first airport in the city from 1924,<ref>{{Cite news |title=El Campo de Marte como nunca antes visto |url=https://elcomercio.pe/archivo-elcomercio/grafico/el-campo-de-marte-como-nunca-antes-visto-noticia/ |last=Córdova Tábori |first=Lilia |date=2020-12-11 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> and the [[Hipódromo de Santa Beatriz|Santa Beatriz racetrack]], where president [[Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro]] was assassinated in 1933,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Así lucía el Campo de Marte hace 50 años |url=https://elcomercio.pe/lima/sucesos/lucia-campo-marte-50-anos-galeria-historico-noticia-479472-noticia/?foto=2 |date=2017-12-06 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Campo de Marte: ¿Qué grandes sucesos ocurrieron en el gran parque limeño a lo largo de su historia? |url=https://elcomercio.pe/archivo-elcomercio/campo-de-marte-que-grandes-sucesos-ocurrieron-en-el-gran-parque-limeno-a-lo-largo-de-su-historia-magnicidio-sucesos-memorables-desfile-militar-niche-mistura-nnsp-noticia/ |last=García |first=Miguel |date=2021-11-06 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> it was inaugurated in 1938. A [[lagoon]] popular among locals that existed in the area's corner with a monument to [[Jorge Chávez]] was [[Drainage|drained]] three years later to make way for the park.<ref>{{Cite news |title=La Historia de la laguna de Campo de Marte que fue drenado a finales de 1941 |url=https://elpopular.pe/actualidad/2022/07/27/historia-laguna-campo-marte-fue-drenado-finales-1941-141908 |date=2022-07-27 |work=[[La República|El Popular]]}}</ref>
A concert by [[Grupo Niche]] gathered over four hundred thousand people in 1989.<ref name=ElTiempo/><ref>{{Cite news |title=Grupo Niche, El Tri, Pedro Suárez Vértiz y Cristian Meier: íconos de una inolvidable década musical en la Lima de los años 90 |url=https://www.infobae.com/peru/2023/09/30/grupo-niche-el-tri-pedro-suarez-vertiz-y-cristian-meier-iconos-de-una-inolvidable-decada-musical-en-la-lima-de-los-anos-90/ |last=Angulo |first=Jazmine |date=2023-09-30 |work=[[Infobae]]}}</ref>
==Landmarks== ===Monument to the Defenders of the Border=== {{main|Monument to the Defenders of the Border}} [[File:VENCEDORES DE LA CAMPAÑA MILITAR DE 1941 RECIBIERON HOMENAJE (14775112616).jpg|thumb|right|The monument in 2014.]] The western part of the park houses a monument dedicated to the members of the [[Peruvian Army]] who fought in the [[Ecuadorian–Peruvian War]] of 1941. The work of the sculptor {{ill|Artemio Ocaña|es}}, inaugurated on June 24, 1966, the quarry granite pedestal is 25 [[Metre|m]] high from its base and 28 human figures. Work began during the first presidency of [[Manuel Prado y Ugarteche]], continuing under the presidencies of [[José Luis Bustamante y Rivero]] and General [[Manuel A. Odría]], and concluding in 1966, during Prado's second term and coinciding with the silver jubilee of the [[Battle of Zarumilla]].
The park houses a [[Monument to the Defenders of the Border|monument]] to the war fought in [[Ecuadorian–Peruvian War|1941 between Peru and Ecuador]], along with a monument from the [[Japanese Peruvians|Japanese immigrant community in Peru]]. The former celebrates the ability to establish peace between the two countries, the latter resembles a bridge to symbolize the cultural connection between Peru and Japan. The park also houses the municipal stadium of Jesús María.
===Monument to the mother=== Made in tribute to the mother by the [[Jesús María District, Lima|Municipality of Jesús María]], the work made of bronze and granite, represents a woman with two children, one in her arms and the other on her haunches, surrounding her in an attitude of asking her to be held in her arms. It was inaugurated on July 25, 1969, with its sculptor Rafael Castillo Rodríguez.
===Evangelisation Mural=== It was executed by more than five hundred people from various Departmental Clubs, as well as many supporters, being advised by the [[Municipality of Lima]], cooperating with private companies that donated enough material for the work. Various Peruvian artists collaborated with the mural, highlighting the most characteristic of each [[Departments of Peru|department]] and with a single purpose, to leave imprint the apostolic visit of [[John Paul II]] to Peru carried out from February 1 to 5, 1985. The coats of arms of each department are located from left to right in alphabetical order.
===Monument to Jorge Chávez=== Made in memory of the "[[Jorge Chávez|First Promoter of Peruvian Aviation]]," who flew over the [[Swiss Alps]] on September 23, 1910. Bronze and pink granite were used for its elaboration, it is the work of the sculptor Eugenio Baroni, it was a gift from the [[Italian Peruvians|Italian Colony]], and it was inaugurated on September 23, 1937, marking the twenty-seventh anniversary of his death.
===The fellowship tree=== The fellowship tree (''El árbol de la confraternidad'') was planted by then president [[Augusto B. Leguía]] and the [[List of ambassadors of Venezuela to Peru|Venezuelan delegation]], on December 9, 1924 on the first block of [[Avenida 28 de Julio]] on the occasion of the centenary of the [[Battle of Ayacucho]].
===Monument to Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra=== The work of Peruvian sculptor Carlos Huertas, it was inaugurated on April 24, 1932.
===The Eye that Cries=== {{main|The Eye that Cries}} [[File:Memorial El ojo que llora (panorámica).jpg|thumb|right|The monument in 2017.]] '''The Eye that Cries''' (''El Ojo que Llora'' in Spanish) is a memorial dedicated to the victims of terrorist violence and state repression during the [[Internal conflict in Peru|era of terrorism in Peru]] between the years 1980 and 2000, intended to strengthen the collective memory of all Peruvians and to promote peace and reconciliation in the country.<ref>Lerner, S. et al ''Final Report for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Peru)'' (2003)</ref> It is part of a larger project called ''The Memory Alameda'' which will incorporate other art pieces, large extensions of green areas and the Museum of Memory (Yuyanapaq).
The monument (in the form of a monolith) was vandalised in 2007 by supporters of [[Fujimorism]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hite |first1=Katherine |author-link=Katherine Hite |date=1 August 2007 |title='The Eye that Cries': The Politics of Representing Victims in Contemporary Peru |url=https://acontracorriente.chass.ncsu.edu/index.php/acontracorriente/article/view/354 |journal=A Contracorriente |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=108–134}}</ref>
===Monument to Pets=== In the eastern part, next to the aforementioned memorial, there is a giant [[kennel]], called the ''Pet Park'', in which a [[veterinary medicine]] area can be found, as well as an agility play area for pets and an area that belongs to the [[Police dog|canine police]]. In a roundabout that divides the veterinary and canine police area from the free area for neighbours' pets to play, a monument has been erected in honor of the [[Pet|household pet]], represented by the [[Peruvian hairless dog]].
==Avenue== {{Infobox street | name = Avenida de la Peruanidad | image = | caption = | part_of = Campo de Marte | namesake = | terminus_a = [[Avenida 28 de Julio|Óvalo Jorge Chávez]] | terminus_b = Jirón Nazca | junction = | completion_date = }} '''Peruvianness Avenue''' ({{langx|es|Avenida de la Peruanidad}}) is the [[thoroughfare]] that divides the park in two. Its path was originally that of the racetrack, paved over after its disestablishment and integrated into the city's [[street network]]. The avenue is the location of the [[Great Military Parade of Peru]], held annually on July 29.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Avenida de La Peruanidad va quedando lista para ser escenario de Gran Parada Cívico-Militar |url=https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-avenida-de-peruanidad-va-quedando-lista-para-ser-escenario-gran-parada-civicomilitar-185917.aspx |date=2008-07-23 |work=[[Andina (news agency)|Andina]]}}</ref>
==See also== * [[Hipódromo de Santa Beatriz]] * [[Centennial of the Independence of Peru]]
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Lima landmarks}} {{Lima streets}} {{coord|12|04|06|S|77|02|29|W|region:PE_type:landmark_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title}}
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Lima]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Lima]] [[Category:Parks in Lima]] [[Category:Jesús María District, Lima]] {{Peru-struct-stub}}