{{Short description|Australian diplomat and economist (1907–1988)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}} {{Use Australian English|date=May 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Sir Edward Ronald Walker {{post-nominals|country=AUS|CBE}} | image = McMahon1952 (cropped).jpg | caption = Walker in 1952 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1907|01|26|df=y}} | birth_place = Cobar, New South Wales, Australia | death_date = {{Death date and age|1988|11|28|1907|01|26|df=y}} | death_place = Paris, France | occupation = Diplomat and economist | spouse = Louise Clementine Donckers | parents = | relatives = | children = | alma_mater = University of Sydney (BA, MA)<br>University of Cambridge (PhD, LittD) }} '''Sir Edward Ronald Walker''' {{post-nominals|country=AUS|CBE}} (26 January 1907 – 28 November 1988) was an Australian diplomat and economist who served as Australia's Permanent Representative to the United Nations and Ambassador to Germany, Japan, and France.
==Early life and education== Walker was born on 26 January 1907 in Cobar, New South Wales the, eldest child of Frederick Thomas Walker, a Methodist minister, and Mary Melvina Annie Walker, née King. Born into a prominent family in the Methodist movement, Walker's mother was also the daughter of a Methodist minister and his paternal cousin was the Methodist minister and social activist Sir Alan Walker. Nevertheless, Walker, on account of his family circumstances, had to leave school at an early age and later matriculated to Fort Street Boys’ High School. After finishing high school, in 1924 Walker won a Teachers College scholarship to the University of Sydney, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in 1927 and then a Master of Arts (MA) in 1930 in economics and psychology.<ref name=ADB>{{cite book|last1=Cornish|first1=Selwyn|title=Walker, Sir Edward Ronald (1907–1988)|chapter=Sir Edward Ronald Walker (1907–1988) |date=2012|publisher=Australian Dictionary of Biography|location=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/walker-sir-edward-ronald-15889|access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> In 1927 Walker was given a lecturing position in economics by Sydney University and in 1930 was appointed acting-Dean of the Faculty of Economics.<ref name=camb/>
After graduating with first class honours from his master's degree, Walker worked with Robert Madgwick to publish an economics textbook ''"An Outline of Australian Economics"'' (published 1932).<ref name=camb>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16754309 |title=LEAVING FOR CAMBRIDGE. |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|location=NSW |date=14 February 1931 |access-date=20 May 2015 |page=12 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> On account of his academic success, Walker was also awarded a Rockefeller Foundation scholarship in 1931 and entered St John’s College, Cambridge, studying for a doctorate in economics. While at Cambridge Walker joined the Political Economy Club, which included amongst its founders John Maynard Keynes, and he became a firm adherent to Keynes' ideas on economics throughout his life. His doctoral dissertation, entitled ''"Australia in the World Depression"'', was supervised by Dennis Robertson and Arthur Cecil Pigou and at award in 1933 was the second PhD in economics at Cambridge. On 8 April 1933, at Beaumont, Belgium, Walker married Louise Clementine Donckers, a schoolteacher.<ref name=ADB/>
==Academic career== On his return to Australia, Walker resumed his position as a lecturer in economics at the University of Sydney from 1933. Walker later made an appearance before the 1936-37 Royal Commission on Monetary and Banking Systems, which was established by the Federal Government of Joseph Lyons to examine potential changes to the banking sector. At the royal commission, Walker argued that monetary policy should have two objectives: "the avoidance or mitigation of depressions" and "the stabilization of the purchasing power of money".<ref name=ADB/> Impressed by his submissions, the Commonwealth Government sent Walker to Geneva as a delegate to the League of Nations in 1937 and on his return to Australia in 1938 he was appointed an economic adviser to the New South Wales Treasury.<ref name=tas>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17569339 |title=DR. E. R. WALKER. |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|location=NSW |date=2 March 1939 |access-date=20 May 2015 |page=11 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
He served the NSW Treasury in this capacity until in March 1939, he was appointed to succeed Frank Mauldon as Professor of Economics at the University of Tasmania and also as an economic adviser to the Tasmanian Government.<ref name=tas/> With the outbreak of war, Walker studied many aspects of Australia's economy under wartime conditions and regulation. In December 1941 he was appointed chief economic adviser and later deputy director-general of the newly established Department of War Organization of Industry in Melbourne. Walker was also appointed a member of the Commonwealth Advisory Committee on Finance and Economic Policy.<ref name=ADB/> In office as Professor of Economics until 1946, in 1949 Walker was awarded the degree of Doctor of Letters (Litt.D) by Cambridge University in recognition of his prolific publications on the Australian war economy.
==Diplomatic career== With the end of the war, Walker's government position was abolished, and was sent by the Commonwealth to be chief of the country programs branch of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration in Washington, DC. With the abolition of that body however in 1947, Walker joined the Department of External Affairs and was sent to be a counsellor at the Australian legation in Paris, with special responsibility for economic matters at the Paris Peace Conference. While in Paris, Walker was involved in the establishment of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), serving as chairman on the first executive board (1948–1950) and was elected to serve as chairman of the UNESCO finance committee in 1949–1950.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47685653 |title=DR. WALKER GETS U.N. POST. |newspaper=Perth Gazette|location=Perth, WA |date=26 November 1949 |access-date=20 May 2015 |page=10 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> In 1948 he was also appointed as Australia's representative on the United Nations Economic and Social Council until 1950. He remained in Paris until 1950, when he returned to Australia to take up an appointment as an Executive member of the National Security Resources Board, which had been established following the outbreak of the Korean War.
Walker served on the board until mid-1952 when he was appointed Australia’s first Ambassador of Australia to Japan, charged with rebuilding Australia's relations with Japan since the war.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2853261 |title=DR. E. R. WALKER TO BE AMBASSADOR TO JAPAN. |newspaper=The Canberra Times|location=ACT |date=19 April 1952 |access-date=20 May 2015 |page=4 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Serving until 1956, Walker's next posting was to New York as Australia’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article91214208 |title=Dr. E. R. Walker To Be Australian Delegate To U.N. |newspaper=The Canberra Times|location=ACT |date=17 December 1955 |access-date=20 May 2015 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> On 12 January 1956 he presented his credentials to UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article138116846 |title=Dr. Walker Presents Credentials. |newspaper=The Canberra Times|location=ACT |date=12 January 1956 |access-date=20 May 2015 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> During his time at the UN, Australia held a non-permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council (1956–1957) and during Australia's term the council dealt with such matters as the Suez Crisis and the Soviet invasion of Hungary. Walker himself served as President of the Council twice, in June 1956 and June 1957. Walker also served as Australia's representative on the United Nations Trusteeship Council (1956–1958).
Walker's next posting was back to Paris in 1959 as Ambassador to France, and while there was appointed again to represent Australia on the United Nations Economic and Social Council (1962–1964) and was elected president of that body in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article104923731 |title=AMBASSADOR APPOINTED TO COUNCIL. |newspaper=The Canberra Times|location=ACT |date=19 February 1962 |access-date=20 May 2015 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> While serving as ambassador in Paris until 1968, Walker's UN work increased, leading technical missions to Tunisia and Pakistan in 1965 and 1968 respectively. From 1964 to 1975, Walker was a member of the UN Advisory Committee on the Application of Science and Technology for Development (which later became the Commission on Science and Technology for Development), and was its chairman in 1970.<ref name=ADB/> In August 1968 Walker was sent to Bonn to be Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany, serving until June 1971, when he was sent back to Paris as Australia's first Permanent Representative to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article131808855 |title='VIEW FROM OUTSIDE'. Australia to join the OECD next month. |newspaper=Canberra Times |location=ACT |date=26 May 1971 |access-date=18 May 2015 |page=27 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> He served in this last posting until his retirement in 1973.
==Later life and death== In his retirement Walker continued to live with his wife Louise in France, occasionally writing articles on economic matters for the ''Canberra Times''. Survived by his wife, son, and daughter Walker died aged 81 on 28 November 1988 in Paris and was buried in Hellenvilliers cemetery, Normandy. His obituary in the ''Canberra Times'' on 1 December noted that he was "a jovial man, not given to ambition but with a talent for tackling demanding jobs with an air of good-natured charm. He enjoyed the diplomatic life with style."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article102035253 |title=Obituary: SIR RONALD WALKER. |newspaper=The Canberra Times|location=ACT |date=1 December 1988 |access-date=20 May 2015 |page=11 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
==Awards and honours== In May 1956 Walker was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE).<ref>{{cite web|title=WALKER, Edward Ronald - The Order of the British Empire - Commander (Civil)|url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1064499|website=It's an Honour database|publisher=Australian Government|access-date=18 May 2015|date=31 May 1956|quote=Permanent Representative to the United Nations}}</ref> In June 1963 Walker became a Knight Bachelor.<ref>{{cite web|title=WALKER, Edward Ronald - Knight Bachelor|url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1083056|website=It's an Honour database|publisher=Australian Government|access-date=18 May 2015|date=8 June 1963|quote=Ambassador in Paris}}</ref>
On 2 October 1973 Walker was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Science in Economics (Hon.D.Sc.) by the University of Sydney.<ref>{{cite web|title=Honorary awards - His Excellency Sir Ronald Walker CBE|url=http://sydney.edu.au/arms/archives/history/HonWalker.shtml|website=University Archives|publisher=University of Sydney|access-date=18 May 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304133303/http://sydney.edu.au/arms/archives/history/HonWalker.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>
In March 2010, Ronald Walker Street in Casey, Canberra, was named in his honour.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.planning.act.gov.au/tools_resources/place_search/place_search3?sq_content_src=%2BdXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkYyMDMuOS4yNDkuMyUyRlBsYWNlTmFtZXMlMkZQbGFjZURldGFpbHMuYXNweCUzRm9iamVjdElEJTNENjU3OTImYWxsPTE%3D|title=Ronald Walker Street|publisher=ACT Government|website=Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate - Planning|archive-date=24 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124074512/http://www.planning.act.gov.au/tools_resources/place_search/place_search3?sq_content_src=%2BdXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkYyMDMuOS4yNDkuMyUyRlBsYWNlTmFtZXMlMkZQbGFjZURldGFpbHMuYXNweCUzRm9iamVjdElEJTNENjU3OTImYWxsPTE%3D}}</ref>
==Publications== *{{cite book|author1=Edward Ronald Walker|author2=Robert Bowden Madgwick|author-link2=Robert Madgwick|title=An Outline of Australian Economics|date=1932|publisher=Whitcombe & Tombs|location=Sydney & Melbourne|pages=248|url=http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/791910}} *{{cite book|author1=Edward Ronald Walker|title=Australia in the World Depression|date=1933|publisher=King|location=London|pages=219|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn2612689|format=Thesis}} *{{cite book|author1=Edward Ronald Walker|author2=Richard Charles Mills|author2-link=Richard Charles Mills|title=Money|date=1935|publisher=Angus and Robertson|location=Sydney|pages=219|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn76901}} *{{cite book|author1=Edward Ronald Walker|title=Unemployment policy: with special reference to Australia|date=1936|publisher=Angus & Robertson|location=Sydney|pages=258|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn324549}} *{{cite book|author1=Edward Ronald Walker|author2=Roy Maitland Beecroft|title=New developments in Australia's war economy|date=1941|publisher=Melbourne University Press|location=Melbourne|pages=20|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn793399}} *{{cite book|author1=R. G. Osborne|author2=Edward Ronald Walker|title=Federalism in Canada : a review of the report of the Royal Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations, 1940|date=1941|publisher=Melbourne University Press|location=Melbourne|pages=15|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn931557}} *{{cite book|author1=Edward Ronald Walker|title=Total war-with reservations: Australia's war economy, May to October, 1941|date=Dec 1941|publisher=Melbourne University Press|location=Melbourne|pages=16|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn801908}} *{{cite book|author1=Edward Ronald Walker|author2=Roy Maitland Beecroft|title=Changes in the stock of Australian money|date=1942|publisher=Melbourne University Press|location=Melbourne|pages=8|oclc=225930703 |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn5983516}} *{{cite book|author1=Edward Ronald Walker|title=The transformation of war-time controls|series=Realities of reconstruction |date=1943|publisher=Melbourne University Press in association with Oxford University Press|location=Melbourne|pages=24|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn1656488}} *{{cite book|author1=Edward Ronald Walker|title=From economic theory to policy|date=1943|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|pages=273|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn565652}} *{{cite book|author1=Edward Ronald Walker|title=The Australian economy in war and reconstruction|date=1947|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|pages=426|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn2257404}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{s-start}} {{S-aca}} {{S-bef|before=Prof. Frank Mauldon}} {{S-ttl|title=Professor of Economics at the University of Tasmania|years= 1939{{spaced ndash}}1946}} {{s-aft|after= Prof. Kenneth Dallas (acting)}} {{S-dip}} {{S-bef|before=William Roy Hodgson|as=Minister to Japan}} {{S-ttl|title=Ambassador of Australia to Japan|years= 1952{{spaced ndash}}1955}} {{s-aft|after= Alan Watt}} {{S-bef|before=Bill Forsyth}} {{S-ttl|title=Permanent Representative of Australia to the United Nations|years= 1956{{spaced ndash}}1959}} {{s-aft|after=James Plimsoll}} {{S-bef|before=Jože Brilej}} {{S-ttl|title=President of the United Nations Security Council|years=June 1956}} {{s-aft|after=Josef Nisot}} {{S-bef|before=Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.}} {{S-ttl|title=President of the United Nations Security Council|years=June 1957}} {{s-aft|after=Tsiang Tingfu}} {{S-bef|before= Alfred Stirling}} {{S-ttl|title=Ambassador of Australia to France|years= 1959{{spaced ndash}}1968}} {{s-aft|after= Alan Renouf}} {{S-bef|before=Alfonso Patino}} {{S-ttl|title=President of the United Nations Economic and Social Council|years=1964}} {{s-aft|after=Akira Matsui}} {{S-bef|before= Frederick Blakeney}} {{S-ttl|title=Ambassador of Australia to Germany|years= 1968{{spaced ndash}}1971}} {{s-aft|after= Ralph Harry }} {{S-new}} {{S-ttl|title=Permanent Representative of Australia to the OECD|years= 1971{{spaced ndash}}1973}} {{s-aft|after=Roy Cameron}} {{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Walker, Edward Ronald}} Category:1907 births Category:1988 deaths Category:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge Category:Ambassadors of Australia to France Category:Ambassadors of Australia to Germany Category:Ambassadors of Australia to Japan Category:Australian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Category:20th-century Australian economists Category:Australian Knights Bachelor Category:Keynesians Category:People educated at Fort Street High School Category:Permanent representatives of Australia to the United Nations Category:Permanent representatives of Australia to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Category:United Nations Economic and Social Council Category:Rockefeller Fellows Category:Australian officials of the United Nations Category:UNESCO officials Category:University of Sydney alumni Category:Academic staff of the University of Sydney Category:Academic staff of the University of Tasmania Category:People from Cobar