{{Short description|English orientalist, diplomat and member of parliament}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}} {{Use British English|date=August 2016}} '''Edward Backhouse Eastwick''' CB (1814{{snd}}16 July 1883, Ventnor, Isle of Wight) was an English orientalist, diplomat and Conservative member of parliament. He wrote and edited a number of books on South Asian countries. These included a Sindhi vocabulary and a grammar of the Hindustani language.
==Life and works== Born a member of an Anglo-Indian family, he was educated at Charterhouse and at Merton College, Oxford. A brother was Captain William Joseph Eastwick. He joined the Bombay infantry in 1836, but, owing to his talent for languages, was soon given a political post. In 1843 he translated the Persian ''Kessahi Sanjan'', or ''History of the Arrival of the Parsees in India''; and he wrote a ''Life'' of Zoroaster, a Sindhi vocabulary, and various papers in the transactions of the Bombay Asiatic Society. Compelled by ill-health to return to Europe, he went to Frankfurt, where he learned German and translated Schiller's ''Revolt of the Netherlands'' and Bopp's ''Comparative Grammar''.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
In 1845 he was appointed professor of Hindustani at Haileybury College. Two years later he published a Hindustani grammar, and in subsequent years a new edition of Saadi's ''Gulistán'', with a translation in prose and verse, also an edition with vocabulary of the Hindi translation of Chatur Chuj Misr's ''Prem Sagar'', and translations of the ''Bagh-o-Bahar'', and of the ''Anwar-i Suhaili'' of Bidpai. In 1851 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
In 1857–1858 he edited ''The Autobiography of Latfullah, A Mohamedan Gentleman''.<ref>London: Smith, Elder and Co., 1858.</ref> He also edited for the Bible Society the ''Book of Genesis'' in the Dakhani language. From 4 May 1860<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=22383 |page=1744 |date=8 May 1860}}</ref> to 1863 he was in Persia as secretary to the British Legation, publishing on his return ''The Journal of a Diplomate's Three Years' Residence in Persia''.<ref>London: Smith, Elder and Co., 1864.</ref> In 1866 he became private secretary to the secretary of state for India, Lord Cranborne (afterwards marquess of Salisbury), and in 1867 went, as in 1864, on a government mission to Venezuela.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} He had meanwhile resigned his commission as a major in the London Rifle Volunteer Brigade in June 1861.<ref>{{Cite news |title=From the London Gazette of Tuesday, June 11; Issue 23957 |work=The Times |location=London |page=7; col F |date=12 June 1861}}</ref>
On his return Eastwick wrote, at the request of Charles Dickens, for ''All the Year Round'', "Sketches of Life in a South American Republic". From 1868 to 1874 he was member of parliament (MP) for Penryn and Falmouth. In 1875, he received the degree of MA with the franchise from the University of Oxford, "as a slight recognition of distinguished services". At various times he wrote several of Murray's Indian handbooks. His last work was the ''Kaisarnamah-i-Hind'' ("The Lay of the Empress"), in two volumes (1878–1882).{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
Eastwick died at Ventnor, Isle of Wight, on 16 July 1883, and was survived by his wife, Rosina Jane, daughter of James Hunter of Hapton House, Argyll, whom he had married in 1847 and by whom he had at least two children, Robert William Egerton Eastwick and Beatrice Heron-Maxwell.<ref>Stanley Lane-Poole, "Eastwick, Edward Backhouse (1814–1883)", rev. Parvin Loloi. ODNB, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8418 Retrieved 28 September 2014, pay-walled.]</ref>
==References== {{wikisource|works=or}} {{Reflist}}
==Sources== *{{EB1911|wstitle = Eastwick, Edward Backhouse|volume=8 }} *{{cite DNB|wstitle = Eastwick, Edward Backhouse|volume=16}} *{{cite ODNB|first1=Stanley|last1= Lane-Poole|title= Eastwick, Edward Backhouse (1814–1883)|first2= Parvin|last2= Loloi| id= 8418}}
==External links== {{commons category|Edward Eastwick}} *[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/eastwick-edward-backhouse- Eastwick, Edward Backhouse (''Encyclopedia Iranica'').] *{{Hansard-contribs | mr-edward-eastwick | Edward Backhouse Eastwick }} *{{UK National Archives ID |id=F54718| name=Edward Backhouse Eastwick}} *{{Gutenberg author | id=41343| name=Edward Backhouse Eastwick}} *{{Internet Archive author |sname=Edward Backhouse Eastwick}} *[https://archive.org/stream/supplementarycat00brituoft/supplementarycat00brituoft_djvu.txt Catalogue of Hindi books of the British Museum] – contains descriptions of books by Eastwick *[https://archive.org/stream/catalogueofpersi00brituoft/catalogueofpersi00brituoft_djvu.txt Catalogue of Persian books of the British Museum] – contains descriptions of books by Eastwick *[https://runeberg.org/nfbf/0682.html Article on Eastwick] in the Nordisk familjebok '''(Swedish)''' *[https://books.google.com/books?id=wvMRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA130 Dictionary of Indian Biography] – Entry on Eastwick
{{S-start}} {{S-par|uk}} {{Succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Penryn & Falmouth | years = 1868–1874 | with = Robert Fowler | before = Jervoise Smith<br />Samuel Gurney | after = David James Jenkins<br />Henry Thomas Cole }} {{S-end}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Eastwick, Edward Backhouse}} Category:People educated at Charterhouse School Category:British orientalists Category:Administrators in British India Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Penryn and Falmouth Category:Translators from German Category:Translators from Hindi Category:Translators to English Category:UK MPs 1868–1874 Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies Category:British fellows of the Royal Society Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath Category:1814 births Category:1883 deaths Category:Alumni of Merton College, Oxford Category:19th-century British diplomats Category:19th-century English writers Category:19th-century English translators Category:London Rifle Brigade officers Category:Hindi–English translators Category:Translators from Urdu Category:Linguists of Indo-Aryan languages Category:Linguists of Hindi Category:Linguists of Urdu Category:Linguists from British India