{{short description|Polish philosopher, libertarian socialist (1868–1918)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Infobox philosopher |region = Western philosophy<br>Polish philosophy |era = 19th-century philosophy |image = Edward Abramowski foto.jpg |caption = |name = Edward Abramowski |signature = Edward Abramowski - signature.png |birth_date = {{birth date|1868|8|17|df=y}} |birth_place = Stefanin, Vasilkovsky Uyezd, Kiev Governorate |death_date = {{death date and age|1918|6|21|1868|8|17|df=y}} |death_place = Warsaw, Poland |school_tradition = Socialism, anarchism, mutualism |main_interests = Anarcho-syndicalism, cooperativism, authority, poverty, social justice, ethics, esthetics |notable_ideas = }} {{Anarchism sidebar}}
'''Józef Edward Abramowski''' (17 August 1868 – 21 June 1918) was a Polish philosopher, libertarian socialist,<ref>''Polski Słownik Biograficzny''. T. 1. Polska Akademia Umiejętności – Skład Główny w Księgarniach Gebethnera i Wolffa, 1935. {{in lang|pl}}</ref> anarchist, psychologist, ethician, and supporter of cooperatives. Abramowski is also one of the best known activists of classical anarchism in Poland.<ref>Jan Zielonka, [https://rjh.ub.rug.nl/sogi/article/viewFile/20442/17914 Social philosophy and the polish experiment]</ref>
==Biography== Abramowski was born on 17 August 1868 in Stefanin, in the Vasilkovsky Uyezd of Kiev Governorate (present-day Ukraine) to Jadwiga and Edward.<ref name=":0" /> After his mother died (in 1878), he moved to Warsaw in 1879, where his teacher, Maria Konopnicka, introduced him to the members of the First Proletariat.<ref>{{cite news | first = Krystyna | last = Najder-Stefaniak | title = Specyfika i wartość sztuki w ujęciu anarchisty | year = 2011 | publisher = Universitas | url = http://www.publio.pl/files/samples/8b/7c/db/60513/Wybor_pism_estetycznych_demo.pdf | work = Wybór pism estetycznych | access-date = 2012-09-05 | language = Polish | archive-date = 29 October 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203028/http://www.publio.pl/files/samples/8b/7c/db/60513/Wybor_pism_estetycznych_demo.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 1892 he took part in the Paris gathering of Polish socialists, where Polish Socialist Party was founded.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Abramowski-Edward-Jozef;3865243.html|title=Abramowski Edward Józef - Encyklopedia PWN - źródło wiarygodnej i rzetelnej wiedzy|website=encyklopedia.pwn.pl|language=pl|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref>
Abramowski is considered the founder of the Polish co-operative movement, promoting economic associations and initiatives. As a supporter of the cooperative movement, he founded a cooperative magazine "Społem" (''Together'') in 1906.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://culture.pl/en/artist/edward-abramowski|title=Edward Abramowski|website=Culture.pl|language=en|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref>
In 1915 he was given a chair in Experimental Psychology at the University of Warsaw, which he occupied until his death.<ref name=":0" />
Abramowski died on 21 June 1918 in Warsaw after suffering from a serious illness. He was buried at the Powązki Cemetery.<ref name=":0" />
== Legacy == On 19 December 1930, he was posthumously awarded the Cross of Independence by the Polish government.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WMP19303000423 |title=Zarządzenie o nadaniu Krzyża Niepodległosci z Mieczami, Krzyża Niepodległości i Medalu Niepodległości |date=1930 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych|language=pl}}</ref>
== Thought == Influenced by Leo Tolstoy, Abramowski called himself a "state-rejecting socialist" in his most important work, ''Socialism & State''. He went on to further his political philosophy in other works, such as ''The Republic of Friends'', and ''General Collusion Against the Government''. In later years, his thought increasingly tended towards anarcho-syndicalism, emphasising the importance of co-operative organization of the work force.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}
Alongside this politico-social theorising, he also conducted an intense research activity in the field of experimental psychology, showing a particular interest in the subconscious.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}
==Works== * ''Zagadnienia socjalizmu'', Lviv 1899 (pod pseud.: Z.R. Walczewski) * ''Etyka a rewolucja'', 1899 * ''Socjalizm a państwo. Przyczynek do krytyki współczesnego socjalizmu'', Lviv 1904 * ''Zmowa powszechna przeciw rządowi'', Cracow 1905 * ''Idee społeczne kooperatyzmu'' 1907 * ''Le subconscient normal'' 1914 * ''Pisma'', t. I-IV, Warszawa 1924–1928 * ''Filozofia społeczna. Wybór pism'', Warsaw 1968 * ''Metafizyka doświadczalna i inne pisma'', Warsaw 1980
==See also== {{Portal|Anarchism|Poland}} * Anarchism in Poland * History of philosophy in Poland * List of Poles * Cooperative banking in Poland * Edward Abramowski Street
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== *{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071130072325/http://www.fmag.unict.it/~polphil/PolPhil/Abramo/Abramo.html |date=November 30, 2007 |title=Polish Philosophy Page: Edward Abramowski }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090331093754/http://klasycy.republika.pl/abramowski/ Abramowski biography] {{commons}} <!--FOOTERS--> {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Abramowski, Edward}} Category:1868 births Category:1918 deaths Category:People from Vasilkovsky Uyezd Category:Polish Socialist Party politicians Category:Polish anarchists Category:Polish cooperative organizers Category:Polish libertarians Category:Polish psychologists Category:Polish Freemasons Category:19th-century Polish philosophers Category:20th-century anarchists Category:20th-century Polish philosophers Category:Anarcho-syndicalists Category:Left-libertarians Category:Libertarian socialists