{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} {{EngvarB|date=July 2019}} {{Infobox constituency | type = [[Functional constituency (Hong Kong)|Functional]] | name = Education Constituencies | year = [[1985 Hong Kong legislative election|1985]] | abolished = | parl_name = [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]] | member = [[Tang Fei]] ([[Independent politician|Independent]]) | image = | image_size = | caption = | region_label = | region = {{HKG}} | map1 = | map2 = | map3 = | elects_howmany = One | electorate = 74,618 | previous = | next = }} {{Infobox Chinese | order = | showflag = | title = Education Constituency | t = 教育界 | j = Gaau<sup>3</sup> juk<sup>6</sup> gaai<sup>3</sup> | y = Gaau yuhk gaai | altname = Teaching Constituency | t2 = 教學界 | j2 = Gaau<sup>3</sup> hok<sup>6</sup> gaai<sup>3</sup> | y2 = Gaau hohk gaai }} {{Politics of Hong Kong}}
The '''Education functional constituency''', formerly called '''Teaching''' from 1985 to 1995, is a [[functional constituency (Hong Kong)|functional constituency]] in the elections for the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]]. It was one of the 12 functional constituency seats created for the [[1985 Hong Kong legislative election|1985 Legislative Council election]]. Since 1998, it has been the functional constituency with the most registered voters, including registered teachers, principals, managers of schools, full-time academic staff, members of the councils of the universities in Hong Kong and board of governors of the institutes of higher educations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/curallengdoc/EF09BB67E139F6F548257E8B0023AB31?OpenDocument|title=Legislative Council Ordinance – Composition of the education functional constituency}}</ref> In 2020, it had 85,698 registered voters, as compared to the [[Finance (constituency)|Finance]] constituency who had only 121 voters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voterregistration.gov.hk/eng/statistic20203.html|title=Voter Registration Statistics : Functional Constituency|work=Voter Registration}}</ref>
The constituency was historically one of the few [[pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)|pro-democracy]] strongholds in the functional constituencies. For most of its history it was held by the [[Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union]] (PTU), the largest teachers' union in Hong Kong, and was held by PTU president [[Szeto Wah]] until he switched to a [[geographical constituency]] direct election in the [[1991 Hong Kong legislative election|1991 election]]. He was succeeded by [[Cheung Man-kwong]] who held the seat from 1991 to 2012. Beginning in 2012, it was represented by [[Ip Kin-yuen]] until he [[2020 Hong Kong Legislative Council mass resignations|resigned en masse from the office with other pro-democrats]] in protest to [[2020 Hong Kong Legislative Council mass resignations|Beijing's disqualification of the four pro-democracy legislators]].<ref>{{cite news|title='Death sentence' for Hong Kong democracy: NGOs, activists & gov'ts react as democrats unseated from legislature|date=12 November 2020|work=Hong Kong Free Press|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2020/11/12/death-sentence-for-hong-kong-democracy-ngos-activists-govts-react-as-democrats-unseated-from-legislature/}}</ref>
After the dissolution of the PLU and the exclusion of the pro-democracy camp from the political system after the [[2021 Hong Kong electoral changes|2021 electoral overhaul]], the seat has been represented by the [[Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers]] (FEW), the largest pro-Beijing teachers' union.
==Composition== The Education functional constituency is composed of—<ref>{{cite news|title=Cap. 542 Legislative Council Ordinance|url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/cap542?xpid=ID_1438403408829_001|work=Hong Kong e-Legislation}}</ref> * full-time academic staff engaged in teaching or research and administrative staff of equivalent rank in the following institutions— ** institutions of higher education funded through the University Grants Committee; ** approved post secondary colleges registered under the Post Secondary Colleges Ordinance ({{Cite Hong Kong ordinance|320}}); ** technical colleges established under the Vocational Training Council Ordinance ({{Cite Hong Kong ordinance|1130}}); ** The [[Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts]]; ** The [[Open University of Hong Kong]]; and * full-time academic staff engaged in teaching or research and administrative staff of equivalent rank in the institutions which— ** offer post secondary education leading to the award of any qualification entered into the Qualifications Register established under the Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications Ordinance ({{Cite Hong Kong ordinance|592}}); and ** are set up by— *** an institution of higher education funded through the [[University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)|University Grants Committee]]; *** The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts; or *** The Open University of Hong Kong; and *** members of each of the following bodies— ** Council of the [[University of Hong Kong]]; ** Council of The [[Chinese University of Hong Kong]]; ** Council of The [[Hong Kong University of Science and Technology]]; ** Council of the [[City University of Hong Kong]]; ** Council of The [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]]; ** Council of The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts; ** Council of The Open University of Hong Kong; ** the [[Vocational Training Council]]; ** Council of The [[Education University of Hong Kong]]; ** Council of the [[Hong Kong Baptist University]]; ** Council of [[Lingnan University]]; ** Board of Governors of the [[Hong Kong Shue Yan University]] ** Board of Governors of the [[Caritas Institute of Higher Education]]; ** Board of Governors of the [[Chu Hai College of Higher Education]]; ** Board of Governors of the [[Centennial_College (Hong_Kong)|Centennial College]]; ** Board of Governors of the [[Tung Wah College]]; ** Board of Governors of The [[Hang Seng University of Hong Kong]]; ** Board of Governors of the [[Hong Kong Nang Yan College of Higher Education]]; ** Board of Governors of the [[HKCT Institute of Higher Education]]; ** Board of Governors of the [[Gratia Christian College]]; ** Board of Governors of Yew Chung College of Early Childhood Education; and * registered teachers registered under the Education Ordinance ({{Cite Hong Kong ordinance|279}}); and * permitted teachers engaged in full-time employment in schools registered or provisionally registered under the Education Ordinance ({{Cite Hong Kong ordinance|279}}); and * teachers and principals of schools entirely maintained and controlled by the Government; and * persons whose principal or only employment is that of full-time teaching with the following institutions— ** technical institutes, industrial training centres or skills centres established under the Vocational Training Council Ordinance ({{Cite Hong Kong ordinance|1130}}); ** industrial training centres established under the repealed Industrial Training (Construction Industry) Ordinance (Cap. 317) and maintained under the Construction Industry Council Ordinance ({{Cite Hong Kong ordinance|587}}); ** industrial training centres established under the Construction Industry Council Ordinance ({{Cite Hong Kong ordinance|587}}); ** industrial training centres established under the Industrial Training (Clothing Industry) Ordinance ({{Cite Hong Kong ordinance|318}}); ** Hong Chi Association—Hong Chi Pinehill Integrated Vocational Training Centre; ** Caritas Lok Mo Integrated Vocational Training Centre of Caritas—Hong Kong incorporated under the Caritas—Hong Kong Incorporation Ordinance ({{Cite Hong Kong ordinance|1092}}); and * registered managers of schools registered under the Education Ordinance ({{Cite Hong Kong ordinance|279}}).
==Return members== {| class="wikitable" |- !colspan="2"|Election!!Member!!Party |- |style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" | | [[1985 Hong Kong legislative election|1985]] | rowspan=2| [[Szeto Wah]] | rowspan=2| [[Nonpartisanism|Nonpartisan]] ([[Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union|PTU]]) |- |style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" | | [[1988 Hong Kong legislative election|1988]] |- |style="background-color: {{party color|Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union}}" | | [[1991 Hong Kong legislative election|1991]] | rowspan="2" | [[Cheung Man-kwong]] | rowspan="2" | [[Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union|PTU]]/[[United Democrats of Hong Kong|UD]]→[[Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union|PTU]]/[[Democratic Party (Hong Kong)|Democratic]] |- |style="background-color: {{party color|Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union}}" | | [[1995 Hong Kong legislative election|1995]] |- | colspan="4" |''Not represented in the [[Provisional Legislative Council|PLC]] (1997–1998)'' |- |style="background-color: {{party color|Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union}}" | | [[1998 Hong Kong legislative election|1998]] | rowspan=4| [[Cheung Man-kwong]] | rowspan=4| [[Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union|PTU]]/[[Democratic Party (Hong Kong)|Democratic]] |- |style="background-color: {{party color|Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union}}" | | [[2000 Hong Kong legislative election|2000]] |- |style="background-color: {{party color|Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union}}" | | [[2004 Hong Kong legislative election|2004]] |- |style="background-color: {{party color|Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union}}" | | [[2008 Hong Kong legislative election|2008]] |- |style="background-color: {{party color|Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union}}" | | [[2012 Hong Kong legislative election|2012]] | rowspan=2| [[Ip Kin-yuen]] | rowspan=2| [[Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union|PTU]] |- |style="background-color: {{party color|Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union}}" | | [[2016 Hong Kong legislative election|2016]] |- |style="background-color: {{party color|Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers}}" | |[[2021 Hong Kong legislative election|2021]] |[[Chu Kwok-keung]] |[[Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers|FEW]] |- |style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" | |[[2025 Hong Kong legislative election|2025]] |[[Tang Fei (legislator)|Tang Fei]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] ([[Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers|FEW]]) |}
==Electoral results== ===2020s=== {{Election box begin | title=[[2025 Hong Kong legislative election|2025 Legislative Council election]]: Education}} {{Election box winning candidate for alliance| |party = Independent politician |side = Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers |candidate = [[Tang Fei (legislator)|Tang Fei]] |votes = 13,759 |percentage = 55.11 |change = }} {{Election box candidate for alliance| |party = Independent politician |side = Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers |candidate = Ray Cheung Chak-chung |votes = 11,206 |percentage = 44.89 |change = }} {{Election box majority |votes = 2,553 |percentage = 10.22 |change = }} {{Election box total valid |votes = 24,965 |percentage = 100.00 |change = }} {{Election box rejected| |votes = 1,733 |percentage = 6.49 |change = }} {{Election box turnout| |votes = 26,698 |percentage = 35.78 |change = +6.76 }} {{Election box Registered electors |reg. electors = 74,618 }} {{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Independent politician |loser = Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers |swing = }} {{Election box end}} <section begin=2021LC/> {{Election box begin | title=[[2021 Hong Kong legislative election|2021 Legislative Council election]]: Education}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party = Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers |candidate = [[Chu Kwok-keung]] |votes = 10,641 |percentage = 46.16 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = James Lam Yat-fung |votes = 4,544 |percentage = 19.71 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Lam Wing-sze |votes = 3,280 |percentage = 14.23 |change = }} {{Election box candidate| |party = [[Association Of Hong Kong Kindergarten Education Professional Exchange|HKKGEPE]] |candidate = Ting Kin-wa |votes = 2,533 |percentage = 10.99 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Jessica Man Sze-wing |votes = 2,054 |percentage = 8.91 |change = }} {{Election box majority |votes = 6,097 |percentage = 26.45 |change = }} {{Election box total valid |votes = 23,052 |percentage = 100.00 |change = }} {{Election box rejected| |votes = 1,652 |percentage = |change = }} {{Election box turnout| |votes = 24,704 |percentage = 29.02 |change = }} {{Election box Registered electors |reg. electors = 85,117 }} {{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers |loser = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |swing = }} {{Election box end}} <section end=2021LC/> ===2010s=== {{Election box begin | title=[[2016 Hong Kong legislative election|2016 Legislative Council election]]: Education<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.gov.hk/legco2016/eng/result/rs_fc_A.html|title=2016 LegCo Election – Election Results|publisher=Government of Hong Kong|access-date=12 May 2015}}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |candidate = [[Ip Kin-yuen]] |votes = 45,984 |percentage = 71.69 |change = –3.73 }} {{Election box candidate for alliance| |party = Independent politician |side = Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers |candidate = [[Choi Yuk-lin]] |votes = 18,158 |percentage = 28.31 |change = }} {{Election box majority| |votes = 27,826 |percentage = 43.38 |change = }} {{Election box total valid |votes = 64,142 |percentage = 100.00 |change = }} {{Election box rejected| |votes = 1,821 |percentage = |change = }} {{Election box turnout| |votes = 65,963 |percentage = 74.80 |change = +4.17 }} {{Election box Registered electors |reg. electors = 88,185 }} {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |swing = }} {{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Hong Kong legislative election|2012 Legislative Council election]]: Education<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.gov.hk/legco2012/eng/result/rs_fc_A.html|title=2012 LegCo Election – Election Results|publisher=Government of Hong Kong|access-date=12 May 2015}}</ref>}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |candidate = [[Ip Kin-yuen]] |votes = 46,535 |percentage = 75.42 |change = +3.81 }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Ho Hon-kuen |votes = 15,170 |percentage = 24.58 |change = +1.38 }} {{Election box majority| |votes = 31,365 |percentage = 50.84 |change = }} {{Election box total valid |votes = 61,705 |percentage = 100.00 |change = }} {{Election box rejected| |votes = 3,773 |percentage = |change = }} {{Election box turnout| |votes = 65,478 |percentage = 70.44 |change = +10.55 }} {{Election box Registered electors |reg. electors = 92,957 }} {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |swing = }} {{Election box end}}
===2000s=== {{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Hong Kong legislative election|2008 Legislative Council election]]: Education<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.gov.hk/legco2008/eng/result/rs_fc_A.html|title=2008 Legislative Council Election|publisher=Government of Hong Kong|access-date=12 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518065609/http://www.elections.gov.hk/legco2008/eng/result/rs_fc_A.html|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} {{Election box winning candidate for alliance| |party = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |side = Democratic Party (Hong Kong) |candidate = [[Cheung Man-kwong]] |votes = 37,876 |percentage = 71.61 |change = −11.33 }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Ho Hon-kuen |votes = 12,272 |percentage = 23.20 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Yu Yee-wah |votes = 2,746 |percentage = 5.19 |change = }} {{Election box majority| |votes = 25,604 |percentage = 48.41 |change = }} {{Election box total valid |votes = 52,894 |percentage = 100.00 |change = }} {{Election box rejected| |votes = 1,421 |percentage = |change = }} {{Election box turnout| |votes = 54,315 |percentage = 59.89 |change = }} {{Election box Registered electors |reg. electors = 90,693 }} {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |swing = }} {{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Hong Kong legislative election|2004 Legislative Council election]]: Education<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.gov.hk/elections/legco2004/english/results/rs_fc_overall.html |title=2004 Legislative Council Election – Election Results |date=7 September 2004 |publisher=Government of Hong Kong |access-date=12 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717015945/http://www.elections.gov.hk/elections/legco2004/english/results/rs_fc_overall.html |archive-date=17 July 2012 }}</ref>}} {{Election box winning candidate for alliance| |party = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |side = Democratic Party (Hong Kong) |candidate = [[Cheung Man-kwong]] |votes = 44,517 |percentage = 82.94 |change = −3.35 }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Yu Kai-chun |votes = 9,155 |percentage = 17.06 |change = }} {{Election box majority| |votes = 35,362 |percentage = 65.88 |change = }} {{Election box total valid |votes = 53,672 |percentage = 100.00 |change = }} {{Election box rejected| |votes = 2,284 |percentage = |change = }} {{Election box turnout| |votes = 55,956 |percentage = 72.02 |change = }} {{Election box Registered electors |reg. electors = 77,696 }} {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |swing = }} {{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[2000 Hong Kong legislative election|2000 Legislative Council election]]: Education<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.gov.hk/elections/legco2000/update/result/fc_e.htm |title=Legislative Council Elections Results |publisher=Government of Hong Kong |access-date=12 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829065944/http://www.elections.gov.hk/elections/legco2000/update/result/fc_e.htm |archive-date=29 August 2012 }}</ref>}} {{Election box winning candidate for alliance| |party = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |side = Democratic Party (Hong Kong) |candidate = [[Cheung Man-kwong]] |votes = 35,793 |percentage = 86.29 |change = −0.47 }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Lee Kit-kong |votes = 5,686 |percentage = 13.71 |change = }} {{Election box majority| |votes = 30,107 |percentage = 72.58 |change = }} {{Election box total valid |votes = 41,479 |percentage = 100.00 |change = }} {{Election box rejected| |votes = 900 |percentage = |change = }} {{Election box turnout| |votes = 42,379 |percentage = 59.45 |change = }} {{Election box Registered electors |reg. electors = 71,284 }} {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |swing = }} {{Election box end}}
===1990s=== {{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Hong Kong legislative election|1998 Legislative Council election]]: Education}} {{Election box winning candidate for alliance| |party = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |side = Democratic Party (Hong Kong) |candidate = [[Cheung Man-kwong]] |votes = 34,864 |percentage = 86.76 |change = +5.54 }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Li Sze-yuen |votes = 5,319 |percentage = 13.24 |change = }} {{Election box majority| |votes = 29,545 |percentage = 73.52 |change = }} {{Election box total valid |votes = 40,183 |percentage = 100.00 |change = }} {{Election box rejected| |votes = 679 |percentage = |change = }} {{Election box turnout| |votes = 40,862 |percentage = 66.79 |change = }} {{Election box Registered electors |reg. electors = 61,184 }} {{Election box new seat win |winner = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union }} {{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[1995 Hong Kong legislative election|1995 Legislative Council election]]: Education}} {{Election box winning candidate for alliance| |party = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |side = Democratic Party (Hong Kong) |candidate = [[Cheung Man-kwong]] |votes = 19,558 |percentage = 81.31 |change = −8.51 }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Leung Siu-tong |votes = 4,496 |percentage = 18.69 |change = }} {{Election box majority| |votes = 15,062 |percentage = 62.62 |change = }} {{Election box total valid |votes = 24,054 |percentage = 100.00 |change = }} {{Election box rejected| |votes = 297 |percentage = |change = }} {{Election box turnout| |votes = 24,351 |percentage = 57.43 |change = }} {{Election box Registered electors |reg. electors = 42,404 }} {{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |swing = }} {{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Hong Kong legislative election|1991 Legislative Council election]]: Teaching}} {{Election box winning candidate for alliance| |party = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |side = United Democrats of Hong Kong |candidate = [[Cheung Man-kwong]] |votes = 15,193 |percentage = 89.82 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers |candidate = Ho King-on |votes = 886 |percentage = 5.24 |change = }} {{Election box candidate| |party = [[Subsided Teachers' Association|STA]] |candidate = Walter Wou Tchong-hong |votes = 836 |percentage = 4.94 |change = }} {{Election box majority| |votes = 14,307 |percentage = 84.58 |change = }} {{Election box total valid |votes = 16,915 |percentage = 100.00 |change = }} {{Election box rejected| |votes = 119 |percentage = |change = }} {{Election box turnout| |votes = 17,034 |percentage = 44.04 |change = }} {{Election box Registered electors |reg. electors = 38,678 }} {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |swing = }} {{Election box end}}
===1980s=== {{Election box begin | title=[[1988 Hong Kong legislative election|1988 Legislative Council election]]: Teaching}} {{Election box winning candidate unopposed for alliance| |party = Independent politician |side = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |candidate = [[Szeto Wah]] |votes = ''Uncontested'' |percentage = |change = }} {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Independent politician |swing = }} {{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin | title=[[1985 Hong Kong legislative election|1985 Legislative Council election]]: Teaching}} {{Election box winning candidate for alliance| |party = Independent politician |side = Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union |candidate = [[Szeto Wah]] |votes = 12,706 |percentage = 68.64 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Luk Yip Jing-ping |votes = 2,655 |percentage = 14.34 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Hong Kong Civic Association |candidate = Ko Gra-yee |votes = 2,165 |percentage = 11.70 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Chan Yat-tong |votes = 577 |percentage = 3.12 |change = }} {{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Wu Siu-wai |votes = 409 |percentage = 2.21 |change = }} {{Election box majority| |votes = 10,051 |percentage = 54.30 |change = }} {{Election box total valid |votes = 18,512 |percentage = 100.00 |change = }} {{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician }} {{Election box end}}
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Hong Kong Legislative Council constituencies (2021-2025)}}
[[Category:Constituencies of Hong Kong]] [[Category:Constituencies of the Hong Kong Legislative Council]] [[Category:Functional constituencies (Hong Kong)]] [[Category:Constituencies of the Hong Kong Legislative Council established in 1995]]