{{Short description|American actress (1885–1974)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}} {{Infobox person | name = Edna Lewis Thomas | image = Macbeth-14-Thomas.jpg | landscape = yes | alt = A woman wearing a crown and a white dress sits on a throne | caption = Thomas as Lady Macbeth, 1936 | birth_name = Edna Lewis | birth_date = {{birth date|1885|11|01|mf=y}} | birth_place = Lawrenceville, Virginia, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1974|07|22|1885|11|01|mf=y}} | death_place = New York City, U.S. | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1920–1956 | era = Harlem Renaissance | employer = Federal Theater Project | known_for = Portraying Lady Macbeth in "Voodoo" ''Macbeth'' | movement = | spouse = Lloyd Thomas ({{married-in|{{circa|1914}}}}) | partner = Olivia Wyndham (1930–after 1942) | awards = }}

'''Edna Lewis Thomas''' (November 1, 1885 – July 22, 1974) was an American stage actress whose career began in New York City during the Harlem Renaissance. She appeared on Broadway, with the Lafayette Players theater company, and in productions by the Federal Theater Project of the Works Progress Administration. Her portrayal of Lady Macbeth in Orson Welles' all-Black "Voodoo" ''Macbeth'' in 1936 was much acclaimed. She was an influential figure in Black theater, and was a member of the Alhambra Players and the Harlem Experimental Theatre. She only appeared on screen once, in the 1951 film ''A Streetcar Named Desire''.

Thomas was born in Virginia and raised in Boston. After moving to New York around 1916, she worked as a social secretary for the beauty entrepreneur Madam C. J. Walker. Though she was married to Lloyd Thomas, she started a long-term romantic relationship with British socialite Olivia Wyndham around 1930 and the three lived together for many years in a Harlem co-op.

==Early life== Edna Lewis was born on November 1, 1885, in Lawrenceville, Virginia.<ref name="Van Straten2020">{{cite web |last1=Van Straten |first1=Frank |title=The Two Thomas Trap |url=https://theatreheritage.org.au/on-stage-magazine/general-articles/item/641-the-two-thomas-trap |publisher=Theatre Heritage Australia |date=June 6, 2020 |access-date=June 25, 2023 |archive-date=May 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526173353/https://theatreheritage.org.au/on-stage-magazine/general-articles/item/641-the-two-thomas-trap |url-status=live }}</ref> Author Saidiya Hartman, in ''Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments'', wrote that Lewis's father was a white man who raped her Black mother in his household when she was a 12-year-old nursemaid.<ref name="LGBT">{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Amanda |title=Edna Thomas, Lloyd Thomas & Olivia Wyndham Residence |url=https://www.nyclgbtsites.org/site/edna-thomas-lloyd-thomas-olivia-wyndham-residence/ |publisher=NYC LGBT Historic Sites Project |date=May 2021 |access-date=June 25, 2023 |archive-date=June 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622180459/https://www.nyclgbtsites.org/site/edna-thomas-lloyd-thomas-olivia-wyndham-residence/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Edna grew up in Boston where she attended public schools.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wintz |first1=Cary D. |last2=Finkelman |first2=Paul |title=Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance |date=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-45536-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0L0ULjto_OEC&dq=%22edna%20lewis%20thomas%22&pg=PT2381 |language=en}}</ref>

She married around 1914 and moved with her husband to New York City, possibly in 1916. She worked as a social secretary for the Black beauty entrepreneur Madam C.J. Walker and through her was introduced to a variety of people in Harlem and Greenwich Village.<ref name="LGBT"/> In New York she became an influential figure in Black theater during the Harlem Renaissance.<ref name="WiWH">{{cite book|last=York|first=Laura|editor1-last=Commire|editor1-first=Anne|title=Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia|date=2002|publisher=Yorkin Publications|location=Waterford, Connecticut|isbn=0-7876-4074-3|chapter-url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/thomas-edna-1886-1974|chapter=Thomas, Edna (1886–1974)|access-date=June 25, 2023|archive-date=January 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113180346/https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/thomas-edna-1886-1974|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Stage career== Thomas was a prolific actress in all-Black vaudeville productions and theaters. She acted and sang in numerous productions at the Lafayette Theatre in Harlem, making her stage debut with the Lafayette Players in the 1920 play ''Turn to the Right''. She was then cast in the plays ''Confidence'' (1920), ''The Heartbreaker'' (1921),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Peterson |first1=Bernard L. |title=Early Black American Playwrights and Dramatic Writers: A Biographical Directory and Catalog of Plays, Films, and Broadcasting Scripts |date=1990 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-26621-8 |page=199 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y36KqUL1jSAC&pg=PA199 |language=en}}</ref> and ''Comedy of Errors'' (1923). She had her Broadway debut in 1925<ref name="IBDB"/> and had a role in the 1927 play ''Porgy''.<ref name="WiWH"/> thumb|left|upright|Thomas as Lady Macbeth, April 1936 Thomas joined the Alhambra Players in 1928, performing at The Harlem Alhambra and was in a 1929 revival of ''Porgy'' staged at the Martin Beck Theater. She joined the Harlem Experimental Theatre in 1930, acting in the premier public performance at the New York Public Library's 135th Street Branch. She remained active in theater in the 1930s, having roles in the musical ''Lulu Belle'' at the Belasco Theater and in the musical ''Shuffle Along''. She also had lead roles in the all-Black 1933 folk opera ''Run, Little Chillun'' at the Lyric Theatre and Paul Peters' 1934 production ''Stevedore''.<ref name="WiWH"/><ref name="LGBT"/>

In 1936, Thomas was cast in the role of Lady Macbeth in an all-Black production of ''Macbeth'' at Lafayette Theater. The so-called "Voodoo" ''Macbeth'' was directed by Orson Welles and was a production of the Federal Theater Project of the Works Progress Administration.<ref>{{cite news |author1=S. R. |title=Voodoo 'Macbeth' Opens at Majestic; Here Two Weeks |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-union-voodoo-macbeth-opens-at-ma/127174908/ |work=Times Union |date=October 7, 1936 |location=Brooklyn, New York |page=4}}</ref> Rose McClendon was originally cast for her part, but Thomas took the role after McClendon became critically ill.<ref>{{cite book |last=Leaming |first=Barbara |title=Orson Welles, A Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/orsonwellesbiogr00leam |url-access=registration |publisher=Viking Press |location=New York |date=1985 |isbn=978-0-618-15446-3|pages=101–102}}</ref> Thomas's performance garnered positive reviews, with one reviewer calling her portrayal "sensitive and magnificent"<ref name="WiWH"/> and the Harlem press naming her the "First Lady of Negro Theatre".<ref name="LGBT"/>

Thomas appeared alongside Dooley Wilson in the 1938 Federal Theater Project production of ''Androcles and the Lion'', where she had the role of Lavinia. She played Sukey in ''Harriet'', Elia Kazan's 1943 Broadway play about Harriet Beecher Stowe. In 1944 she was cast in José Ferrer's production ''Strange Fruit'', which was adapted from the novel of the same name by Lillian Smith.<ref name="WiWH"/><ref name="Van Straten2020"/> [[File:Edna-Thomas-Streetcar.jpg|thumb|upright|Thomas in ''A Streetcar Named Desire'', 1948]] Thomas portrayed a Mexican woman in the Broadway production of ''A Streetcar Named Desire'' in 1946. She reprised the role on stage in 1950 and again in the 1951 film ''A Streetcar Named Desire''. It was her only film credit.<ref name="WiWH"/> Following another reprisal of the play ''A Streetcar Named Desire'' in 1956, Thomas retired from acting. She spent the rest of her life in New York.<ref name="WiWH"/>

==Personal life== Edna married talent manager Lloyd Carter Thomas around 1914.<ref name="Van Straten2020"/> He later managed Madam C. J. Walker's Harlem salon and was a co-owner of Club Ebony.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mitchell|first=Verner D.|date=2010|title=To One Not There: The Letters of Dorothy West and Countee Cullen, 1926-1945|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26434689|journal=The Langston Hughes Review|volume=24|page=113|jstor=26434689 |issn=0737-0555|access-date=June 25, 2023|archive-date=January 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113175913/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26434689|url-status=live}}</ref> Thomas supported her husband financially during the Great Depression.<ref name="Van Straten2020"/> The couple frequented parties at the Dark Tower, a cultural salon at the home of A'Lelia Walker.<ref name="LGBT"/>

Around 1930, Thomas began a romantic relationship with the British photographer and socialite Olivia Wyndham. They lived together, along with Thomas's husband, at a large Harlem co-op until at least 1942. In 1937, she and Wyndham participated pseudonymously in a Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic study of "100 socially well-adjusted men and women whose preferred form of libidinous gratification is homosexual".<ref name="LGBT"/> Thomas was also friends with the Harlem Renaissance photographer and patron Carl Van Vechten, corresponding with him regularly.<ref name="WiWH"/>

Thomas died on July 22, 1974, of heart disease at St. Vincent's Hospital in New York City. She was 88.<ref name="WiWH"/> The New York Public Library holds photographs of Thomas in its Edna Thomas Collection.<ref>{{cite web |title=Edna Thomas collection |url=https://researchworks.oclc.org/archivegrid/collection/data/753705894 |publisher=ArchiveGrid |access-date=June 25, 2023 |archive-date=January 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113175917/https://researchworks.oclc.org/archivegrid/collection/data/753705894 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Theater productions== {| class="wikitable unsortable" |+ |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1920 | ''Turn to the Right'' | | |- | 1920 | ''Confidence'' | | |- | 1921 | ''The Heartbreaker'' | | |- | 1923 | '' Comedy of Errors'' | | |- | 1925 | ''The Dreamy Kid / The Emperor Jones'' | Irene / Spectator | |- | 1926–1927 | ''Lulu Belle'' | Valma Custer | |- | 1927 | ''Porgy'' | Clara | Thomas also appeared in a 1929 production of ''Porgy''.<ref name="IBDB"/> |- | 1932 | ''Ol' Man Satan'' | Maggie | |- | 1933 | ''Run, Little Chillun'' | Ella | |- | 1934 | ''Stevedore'' | Ruby Oxley | Thomas was in productions from April to July and from October to November of that year.<ref name="IBDB">{{cite web |title=Edna Thomas – Broadway Cast & Staff |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/edna-thomas-62150 |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |access-date=June 25, 2023 |archive-date=April 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419100403/https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/edna-thomas-62150 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | 1936 | ''Macbeth'' | Lady Macbeth | This production had an all-Black cast and was nicknamed Voodoo ''Macbeth''. |- | 1938–1939 | ''Androcles and the Lion'' | Lavinia | |- | 1944 | ''Harriet'' | Sukey | Following the original run in March and April, Thomas reprised her role in a second run from September to October.<ref name="IBDB"/> |- | 1945–1946 | ''Strange Fruit'' | Mamie McIntosh | |- | 1947–1949 | ''A Streetcar Named Desire'' | Mexican Woman | Thomas reprised the role in revivals in 1950 and 1956.<ref name="IBDB"/> |}

==See also== * African-American musical theater

== References == {{reflist}}

==Further reading== {{commons category|Edna Thomas (actress)}} * Gill, Glenda E. ''White Grease Paint on Black Performers: A Study of the Federal Theater, 1935–1939''. NY: P. Lang, 1988. * Smith, Jessie Carney, ed. ''Notable Black American Women''. Detroit, MI: Gale Research, 1992.

{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas, Edna}} Category:1885 births Category:1974 deaths Category:American stage actors Category:American film actresses Category:American lesbian actresses Category:Actresses from Virginia Category:African-American actresses Category:Harlem Renaissance Category:American musical theatre actresses Category:People from Lawrenceville, Virginia Category:Federal Theatre Project people Category:American bisexual actresses Category:LGBTQ people from Virginia