{{Short description|Genus of fungi}} {{About|the fungus|the phylum including starfish and sea urchins|Echinoderm}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Echinoderma asperum a1 (1).JPG | image_caption = ''Echinoderma asperum'' | taxon = Echinoderma | authority = (Locq. ex Bon) Bon (1991) | type_species = ''Echinoderma asperum'' | type_species_authority = (Pers.) Bon (1991) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = | synonyms = *''Cystolepiota'' subgen. ''Echinoderma'' <small>Locq. ex Bon (1981)</small> }}
'''''Echinoderma''''' is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Its members were for a long time considered to belong to genus ''Lepiota'' and the group was then circumscribed by French mycologist Marcel Bon in 1981 as a subgenus of ''Cystolepiota''<ref name="Bon 1981"/> before he raised it to generic status in 1991.<ref name="Bon 1991"/>
==General info== This genus belongs to a group of genera allied to ''Lepiota'' with a white spore print, free (or almost free) gills, stipe easily separable from the cap and having a partial veil.<ref name=Courtecuisse/> Amongst the Agaricaceae it is characterized by the white spore powder, cap skin microscopically an epithelium with rounded cells, and a brownish cap and stipe, with brown scales.<ref name=FN/>
The name comes from the Greek "echinos" (ἐχῖνος) meaning a hedgehog or sea-urchin<ref name=Liddell1/> and "derma" (δέρμα) meaning skin,<ref name=Liddell2/> referring to the spiny cap surface. The noun "derma" is neuter and therefore if the species name is an adjective, it needs to take the neuter ending (example: ''Echinoderma asperum'').
All of the species in the genus reproduce by means of spores and are unicellular.<ref>https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/4123 (Parts of the PDF linked on the website contains info not here on this genus)</ref>
==Species== *''Echinoderma asperum'' (Pers.) Bon 1991 *''Echinoderma boertmannii'' (Knudsen) Bon 1991 *''Echinoderma bonii'' C.E.Hermos. & Jul.Sánchez 1999 *''Echinoderma calcicola'' (Knudsen) Bon 1991 *''Echinoderma carinii'' (Bres.) Bon 1991 *''Echinoderma echinaceum'' (J.E.Lange) Bon 1991 *''Echinoderma efibulis'' (Knudsen) Bon 1991 *''Echinoderma hystrix'' (F.H.Møller & J.E.Lange) Bon 1991 *''Echinoderma jacobi'' (Vellinga & Knudsen) Gminder 2003 *''Echinoderma perplexum'' (Knudsen) Bon 1991 *''Echinoderma pseudoasperulum'' (Knudsen) Bon 1991 *''Echinoderma rubellum'' (Bres.) Migl. 2000
==See also== *List of Agaricaceae genera *List of Agaricales genera * [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/73609 A Guide to the Shell and Starfish Galleries: (Mollusca, Polyzoa, Brachiopoda, Tunicata, Echinoderma, and Worms)] (1901), British Museum (Natural History). Department of Zoology et al.
==References== {{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Bon 1981">{{cite journal |author=Bon M. |title=Clé monographique des Lépiotes d'Europe (Agaricaceae, Tribus Lepioteae et Leucocoprineae) |journal=Documents Mycologiques |year=1981 |volume=11 |issue=43 |pages=1–77 |language=French}}</ref>
<ref name="Bon 1991">{{cite journal |author=Bon M. |title=Les genres ''Echinoderma'' (Locq. ex Bon) st. nov. et ''Rugosomyces'' Raithelhuber ss lato |journal=Documents Mycologiques |year=1991 |volume=21 |issue=82 |pages=61–66 |language=French}}</ref>
<ref name=Courtecuisse>{{cite book |author1=Courtecuisse, R. |author2=Duhem, B. |title=Champignons de France et d'Europe |language=French |publisher=Delachaux et Niestlé |year=2013 |page=60 |isbn=978-2-603-02038-8 }} Also available in English.</ref>
<ref name=FN>{{cite book |editor-first1=H. |editor-last1=Knudsen |editor-first2=J. |editor-last2=Vesterholt |title=Funga Nordica Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera |publisher=Nordsvamp |location=Copenhagen |year=2008 |page=519 |isbn=978-87-983961-3-0}}</ref>
<ref name=Liddell1>{{cite web |url=http://perseus.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.27:10:154.LSJ |title=ἐχῖνος |work=A Greek-English Lexicon; Machine readable text |author=Henry George Liddell |author2=Robert Scott |publisher=Tufts University, Oxford |accessdate=2017-05-25}}</ref>
<ref name=Liddell2>{{cite web |url=http://perseus.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.16:1:125.LSJ |title=δέρμα |work=A Greek-English Lexicon; Machine readable text |author=Henry George Liddell |author2=Robert Scott |publisher=Tufts University, Oxford |accessdate=2017-05-25}}</ref>
}}
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Category:Agaricaceae Category:Agaricales genera