{{short description|Island}} {{Infobox islands | name = East Caicos | image_name = | image_caption = | image_map = East Caicos T&C.svg | image_map_caption = Location of East Caicos within the Turks and Caicos Islands | location = Atlantic Ocean | map = Turks and Caicos Islands#Caribbean | area_ha = | area_footnotes = | coordinates = {{coord|21|42|09|N|71|29|53|W|type:isle_region:TC_dim:13000_source:dewiki|display=title,inline}} | archipelago = Lucayan Archipelago | country = {{UK}}<br />{{TCA}} | country_admin_divisions_title = British Overseas Territory | country_admin_divisions = Turks and Caicos Islands | population = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_footnotes = | timezone1 = EST | utc_offset1 = -5 | timezone1_DST = EDT | utc_offset1_DST = -4 | iso_code = TC | module = {{Infobox protected area | child = yes | module = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = North, Middle & East Caicos Islands | designation1_date = 27 June 1990 | designation1_number = 493<ref>{{Cite web|title=North, Middle & East Caicos Islands|website=Ramsar Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/493|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} }} }} <!--right|Map of Turks and Caicos Islands--> '''East Caicos''' is the fourth largest island in the Turks and Caicos Islands. To the west, it is separated from Middle Caicos by Lorimer Creek, a narrow passage that can accommodate only small boats. To the south is South Caicos. East Caicos has no inhabitants.

==Geography== East Caicos belongs to the South Caicos and East Caicos District. has an area of {{convert|90.6|km2|0|abbr=on}} within the high water mark, and of {{convert|182|km2|0|abbr=on}} within the shoreline. The difference between the two values is not accounted for as land area. The island is covered by ponds, lakes, swamps and mangroves inhabited by flamingos, wild ducks and pigeons.

The highest point in the Turks and Caicos Archipelago is East Caicos’s Flamingo Hill with an elevation of {{convert|156|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.footprinttravelguides.com/latin-america/caribbean-islands/turks-and-caicos-islands/grand-turk/east-caicos/ |title=East Caicos |website=www.footprinttravelguides.com |access-date=27 January 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130823215737/http://www.footprinttravelguides.com/latin-america/caribbean-islands/turks-and-caicos-islands/grand-turk/east-caicos/ |archive-date=23 August 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Savannas stretch across the island's north side. The northwest of the island hosts a cave system that was once used to mine bat guano. Petroglyphs found there are evidence of the island's earliest settlers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/610193/Turks-and-Caicos-Islands/54820/Additional-Reading|title = Turks and Caicos Islands &#124; Location, People, & History &#124; Britannica}}</ref>

==History== The island was populated by the Lucayan people and the Taino Indians 500 years ago, who called it ''Wana'', or 'Small Country'.

The island was once the home of a 19th-century sisal plantation and a thriving cattle industry, East Caicos Island is currently uninhabited. The cave petroglyphs, the ruins of the town of Jacksonville and abandoned railway are the only remnants of its former inhabitants. In 2004 a marine archaeology expedition found the wreckage of a ship off the island. Both the ''Esperanza'' and ''Trouvadore'', illegal Spanish slavers, had gone down in this area, in 1837 and 1841, respectively. One hundred-ninety-two captive Africans survived the ''Trouvadore'' sinking and were helped by British colonists to resettle as free persons, mostly on Grand Turk Island, with 24 taken to Nassau.<ref name="sadler210-212">[https://books.google.com/books?id=RZna-xKapDIC&dq=Artifacts+appear+linked+to+Trouvadore%22&pg=PA209 Nigel Sadler, "The Sinking of the Slave Ship ''Trouvadore:'' Linking the Past to the Present"], ''Underwater and Maritime Archaeology in Latin America and the Caribbean'', edited by Margaret E Leshikar-Denton, Pilar Luna Erreguerena, Left Coast Press, 2008, pp. 210-212</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004706/http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/eastcaicos/index.htm]| Turks and Caicos Islands Directory - East Caicos

Category:Caicos Islands Category:Uninhabited islands of the Turks and Caicos Islands Category:Ramsar sites in dependent territories of the United Kingdom