{{short description|Earldom in the Peerage of the United Kingdom}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox hereditary title | name = Earl of Romney<br />''2nd creation'' | image = 150px|centre180px|Arms of the Earl of Romney | image_size = | alt = | caption = '''''Arms of Marsham:''' Argent, a Lion passant Gules, between two Bendlets Azure. '''Crest:''' A Lion's Head erased Gules. '''Supporters:''' On either side a Lion Azure, semée of Crosses-Crosslet Or, gorged with a Naval Crown Or.'' | creation_date = {{start date and age|1801|06|22|df=y}} | creation = Second | monarch = King George III | peerage = Peerage of the United Kingdom | baronetage = | first_holder = Charles Marsham, 1st Earl of Romney | last_holder = | present_holder = Julian Marsham, 8th Earl of Romney | heir_apparent = David Marsham, Viscount Marsham | heir_presumptive = | remainder_to = | subsidiary_titles = Viscount Marsham<br />Baron Romney<br />Baronet 'of Cuchston' | status = Extant | extinction_date = | family_seat = Gayton Hall | former_seat = Mote House | motto = '''NON SIBI SED PATRIÆ'''<br />''(For country not self)'' | footnotes = }} {{Infobox hereditary title | name = Earl of Romney<br />''1st creation'' | image = 150px|centre180px|Arms of the Earl of Romney | image_size = | alt = | caption = '''''Arms of Sydney:''' Or, a Pheon Azure, a Crescent for difference. '''Crest:''' A Porcupine Azure, quilled, collared and chained Or, a Crescent for difference. '''Supporters:''' Dexter: A Lion Azure, collared and chained Or, ducally crowned per pale Argent and Gules, a Crescent for difference; Sinister: A Lion guardant Argent, ducally crowned Or, a Crescent for difference.'' | creation_date = {{start date and age|1694|04|08|df=y}} | creation = First | monarch = William III and Mary II | peerage = Peerage of England | baronetage = | first_holder = Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney | last_holder = Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney | present_holder = | heir_apparent = | heir_presumptive = | remainder_to = | subsidiary_titles = Viscount Sydney<br />Baron Milton | status = Extinct | extinction_date = 8 April 1704 | family_seat = | former_seat = | motto = '''QUO FATA VOCANT'''<br />''(Whither the Fates call / Where destiny calls)'' | footnotes = }}
'''Earl of Romney''' (pronounced "Rumney") is a title that has been created twice.
It was first created in the Peerage of England in 1694 in favour of the soldier and politician Henry Sydney. He had been made '''Baron Milton''' and '''Viscount Sydney''' at the same time in 1689.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=2443 |date=11 April 1689 |page=2}}</ref> Sydney was the younger son of Robert Sydney, 2nd Earl of Leicester. He never married and the titles became extinct on his death in 1704.
It was created for the second time in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1801 in favour of Charles Marsham, 3rd Baron Romney. The Marsham family descends from Sir John Marsham, one of the six Clerks of the Court of Chancery from 1638 to 1644 and from 1660 to 1680. In August 1663 he was created a Baronet, of Cuckston in the County of Kent, in the Baronetage of England.<ref name=Cokayne3>{{Citation| editor-last=Cokayne| editor-first=George Edward |year=1903 | title= Complete Baronetage volume 3 (1649-1664) | url= https://archive.org/details/cu31924092524390/page/n301 | volume=3| location=Exeter | publisher=William Pollard and Co| access-date = 9 October 2018}}</ref> His grandson, the fourth Baronet (who succeeded his nephew), was also a Clerk of the Court of Chancery and represented Maidstone in the House of Commons. His son, the fifth Baronet, also sat as Member of Parliament for Maidstone and served as Governor of Dover Castle. In 1716 he was raised to the Peerage of Great Britain as '''Baron of Romney''', of Romney in the County of Kent.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=5445 |date=23 June 1716 |page=2}}</ref>
His grandson, the aforementioned third Baron, represented Maidstone and Kent in Parliament and served as Lord Lieutenant of Kent. In 1801 he was created '''Viscount Marsham''', of The Mote in the County of Kent, and '''Earl of Romney''', in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=15375 |date=13 June 1801 |page=659}}</ref> He was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. He was Member of Parliament for Hythe and Downton. His son, the third Earl, represented Kent West in the House of Commons. He was succeeded by his son, the fourth Earl, who held political office in the second Conservative government of Lord Salisbury as a Lord-in-waiting (government whip in the House of Lords) from 1889 to 1892.
The line of his eldest son, the fifth Earl, failed on the death of the latter's son, the sixth Earl, in 1975. The late Earl was succeeded by his first cousin, the seventh Earl. He was the son of Lieutenant-Colonel Reginald Hastings Marsham, second son of the fourth Earl. {{As of|2010}} the titles are held by his first cousin once removed, the eighth Earl, who succeeded in 2004. He is the son of Colonel Peter William Marsham, son of Sydney Edward Marsham, youngest son of the fourth Earl.
The family seat was at Mote House, near Maidstone, Kent, but since 1891 it has been the Gayton Hall Estate at Gayton near King's Lynn, Norfolk. {{TOC limit}}
==Earls of Romney, first creation== [[Image:Earl of Romney.jpg|thumb|200px|Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney, by John Baptist Medina]]
===Viscounts Sydney (1689)=== *Henry Sydney, 1st Viscount Sydney (1641–1704) (created '''Earl of Romney''' in 1694)
===Earls of Romney (1694)=== *Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney (1641–1704)
==Earls of Romney, second creation== [[Image:Engraving of Charles Marsham based on a picture by Sir William Beechey, 1803.JPG|thumb|200px|Engraving of Charles Marsham, 1st Earl of Romney, based on a picture by Sir William Beechey, 1803]]
===Marsham baronets, of Cuckston (1663)=== *Sir John Marsham, 1st Baronet (1602–1685) *Sir John Marsham, 2nd Baronet (1637–1692) *Sir John Marsham, 3rd Baronet (1679–1696) *Sir Robert Marsham, 4th Baronet (1650–1703) *Sir Robert Marsham, 5th Baronet (1685–1724) (created '''Baron Romney''' in 1716)
===Barons Romney (1716)=== *Robert Marsham, 1st Baron Romney (1685–1724) *Robert Marsham, 2nd Baron Romney (1712–1794) *Charles Marsham, 3rd Baron Romney (1744–1811) (created '''Viscount Marsham''' and '''Earl of Romney''' in 1801)
===Earls of Romney (1801)=== *Charles Marsham, 1st Earl of Romney (1744–1811) *Charles Marsham, 2nd Earl of Romney (1777–1845) *Charles Marsham, 3rd Earl of Romney (1808–1874) *Charles Marsham, 4th Earl of Romney (1841–1905) *Charles Marsham, 5th Earl of Romney (1864–1933) *Charles Marsham, 6th Earl of Romney (1892–1975) *Michael Henry Marsham, 7th Earl of Romney (1910–2004) *Julian Charles Marsham, 8th Earl of Romney (b. 1948)
The heir apparent is the present holder's son, Lieutenant Colonel David Charles Marsham, Viscount Marsham (b. 1977), who served as commanding officer of 1st Battalion Coldstream Guards 2018–2023.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=62413 |date=18 September 2018 |page=16640 }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=64035 |date=25 April 2023 |page=8359 |supp=y }}</ref><br /> The heir apparent's heir apparent is his son, Hon. James Julian Marsham (b. 2014)
{{Earls of Romney family tree}}
==See also== *Earl of Leicester (1618 creation)
==References== {{reflist}}
==Further reading== *Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). ''Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage'' (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990, {{Page needed |date=February 2013}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=seAKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA365 John Burke ''A General and heraldic dictionary of the peerage and baronetage of the British Empire Volume 2'' 1832] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ve8IAAAAIAAJ&dq=charles+marsham+3rd+baron+romney&pg=PA539 Obituary of Charles Marsham, 2nd Earl of Romney] from the Gentleman's Magazine Published 1845 at Google Books * Obituary of Michael Henry Marsham, 7th Earl of Romney at The Daily Telegraph, 9 June 2004 [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1464065/The-Earl-of-Romney.html]
==External links== *{{Hansard-contribs | mr-michael-marsham | Michael Henry Marsham, 7th Earl of Romney }} {{Extant British earldoms}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Romney}} Category:Extinct earldoms in the Peerage of England Category:Earldoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom Category:1694 establishments in England Category:Noble titles created in 1694 Category:Noble titles created in 1801