Treaties of the European Union

{{Short description|none}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}} {{Infobox document |document_name = Treaties of the European Union |image = Europaeae rei publicae status.svg |image_caption = Front page of an EU document containing the consolidated treaties and documents which comprise the legal basis of the EU |date_created = |date_ratified = |location_of_document = Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs |writer = |signers = |purpose = Establishing the laws and principles under which the European Union is governed }} The '''Treaties of the European Union''' are a set of international treaties between the European Union (EU) member states which sets out the EU's constitutional basis. They establish the various EU institutions together with their remit, procedures and objectives. The EU can only act within the competences granted to it through these treaties and amendment to the treaties requires the agreement and ratification (according to their national procedures) of every single signatory.

Two core functional treaties, the Treaty on European Union (originally signed in Maastricht in 1992, The Maastricht Treaty) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (originally signed in Rome in 1957 as the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community i.e. The Treaty of Rome), lay out how the EU operates, and there are a number of satellite treaties which are interconnected with them. The treaties have been repeatedly amended by other treaties over the 65 years since they were first signed. The consolidated version of the two core treaties is regularly published by the European Commission.

Despite the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the bloc in 2020, its name remains officially on some of the treaties (the SEA, Maastricht, Amsterdam, Nice and Lisbon and all accession treaties between 1972 and 2011) as it was part of the consultation and ratification process as a member state at the time those treaties were drawn up, though the country is no longer legally bound by them itself. This can only be altered by a future amendment to the treaties.

==Content== The two principal treaties on which the EU is based are the Treaty on European Union (TEU; Maastricht Treaty, effective since 1993) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU; Treaty of Rome, effective since 1958). These main treaties (plus their attached protocols and declarations) have been altered by amending treaties at least once a decade since they each came into force, the latest being the Treaty of Lisbon which came into force in 2009. The Lisbon Treaty also made the Charter of Fundamental Rights legally binding, though it remains a separate document.

===Treaty on European Union=== {{main|Treaty on European Union}} {{Wikisource|Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union}} Following the preamble the treaty text is divided into six parts.<ref name=ojc115/>

;'''Title''' 1, ''Common Provisions'' The first deals with common provisions. Article 1 establishes the European Union on the basis of the European Community and lays out the legal value of the treaties. The second article states that the EU is "founded on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities". The member states share a "society in which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men prevail".

Article 3 then states the aims of the EU in six points. The first is simply to promote peace, European values and its citizens' well-being. The second relates to free movement with external border controls are in place. Point 3 deals with the internal market. Point 4 establishes the euro. Point 5 states the EU shall promote its values, contribute to eradicating poverty, observe human rights and respect the charter of the United Nations. The final sixth point states that the EU shall pursue these objectives by "appropriate means" according with its competences given in the treaties.

{{Wikisource|Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union}} Article 4 relates to member states' sovereignty and obligations. Article 5 sets out the principles of conferral, subsidiarity and proportionality with respect to the limits of its powers. Article 6 binds the EU to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights. Article 7 deals with the suspension of a member state and article 8 deals with establishing close relations with neighbouring states.

;Title 2, Provisions on democratic principles Article 9 establishes the equality of national citizens and citizenship of the European Union. Article 10 declares that the EU is founded in representative democracy and that decisions must be taken as closely as possible to citizens. It makes reference to European political parties and how citizens are represented: directly in the parliament and by their governments in the council and European Council – accountable to national parliaments. Article 11 establishes government transparency, declares that broad consultations must be made and introduces provision for a petition where at least 1 million citizens may petition the commission to legislate on a matter. Article 12 gives national parliaments limited involvement in the legislative process.

;Title 3, Provisions on the institutions Article 13 establishes the institutions in the following order and under the following names: the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Commission, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank and the Court of Auditors. It obliges co-operation between these and limits their competencies to the powers within the treaties.

Article 14 deals with the workings of Parliament and its election, article 15 with the European Council and its president, article 16 with the council and its configurations and article 17 with the commission and its appointment. Article 18 establishes the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and article 19 establishes the Court of Justice.

;Title 4, Provisions on enhanced cooperations Title 4 has only one article which allows a limited number of member states to co-operate within the EU if others are blocking integration in that field.

;Title 5, General provisions on the Union's external action and specific provisions on the Common Foreign and Security Policy Chapter 1 of this title includes articles 21 and 22. Article 21 deals with the principles that outline EU foreign policy; including compliance with the UN charter, promoting global trade, humanitarian support and global governance. Article 22 gives the European Council, acting unanimously, control over defining the EU's foreign policy.

Chapter 2 is further divided into sections. The first, common provisions, details the guidelines and functioning of the EU's foreign policy, including establishment of the European External Action Service and member state's responsibilities. Section 2, articles 42 to 46, deal with military cooperation (including Permanent Structured Cooperation and mutual defence).

;Title 6, Final provisions

Article 47 establishes a legal personality for the EU. Article 48 deals with the method of treaty amendment; specifically the ordinary and simplified revision procedures. Article 49 deals with applications to join the EU and article 50 with withdrawal. Article 51 deals with the protocols attached to the treaties and article 52 with the geographic application of the treaty. Article 53 states the treaty is in force for an unlimited period, article 54 deals with ratification and 55 with the different language versions of the treaties.

===Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union=== {{main|Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union}} {{Wikisource|Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union}} The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union goes into deeper detail on the role, policies and operation of the EU. It is split into seven parts.<ref name=ojc115>{{cite journal |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:TOC |publisher=EUR-Lex |issn =1725-2423 |journal=Official Journal of the European Union |title=C 115 |volume =51 |date=9 May 2008 |access-date=1 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="TFEU consolidated">{{cite journal|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:0047:0199:EN:PDF|title=Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union|publisher=EUR-Lex |journal=Official Journal of the European Union |issue=C 115 |volume =51 |date=9 May 2008 |access-date=2015-05-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204184818/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:0047:0199:EN:PDF |archive-date= Dec 4, 2013 }}</ref>

;Part 1, Principles In principles, article 1 establishes the basis of the treaty and its legal value. Articles 2 to 6 outline the competencies of the EU according to the level of powers accorded in each area. Articles 7 to 14 set out social principles, articles 15 and 16 set out public access to documents and meetings and article 17 states that the EU shall respect the status of religious, philosophical and non-confessional organisations under national law.<ref name="TFEU consolidated"/>

;Part 2, Non-discrimination and citizenship of the Union The second part begins with article 18 which outlaws, within the limitations of the treaties, discrimination on the basis of nationality. Article 19 states the EU will "combat discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation". Articles 20 to 24 establishes EU citizenship and accords rights to it;<ref>EU founding treaties have created, unlike ordinary international treaties, a new legal order, whose actors are not only states, but also theirs citizens: {{cite journal|last1=Buonomo|first1=Giampiero|title=Le corti europee tra diritti e sanzioni|journal=Golem Informazione|date=2015|url=https://www.questia.com/projects#!/project/89427321|access-date=13 April 2016|archive-date=1 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801002834/http://www.questia.com/projects#!/project/89427321|url-status=dead}}</ref> to free movement, consular protection from other states, vote and stand in local and European elections, right to petition Parliament and the European Ombudsman and to contact and receive a reply from EU institutions in their own language. Article 25 requires the commission to report on the implementation of these rights every three years.<ref name="TFEU consolidated"/>

;Part 3, Union policies and internal actions Part 3 on policies and actions is divided by area into the following titles: the internal market; the free movement of goods, including the customs union; agriculture and fisheries; free movement of people, services and capital; the area of freedom, justice and security, including police and justice co-operation; transport policy; competition, taxation and harmonisation of regulations (note Article 101 and Article 102); economic and monetary policy, including articles on the euro; employment policy; the European Social Fund; education, vocational training, youth and sport policies; cultural policy; public health; consumer protection; Trans-European Networks; industrial policy; economic, social and territorial cohesion (reducing disparities in development); research and development and space policy; environmental policy; energy policy; tourism; civil protection; and administrative co-operation.<ref name="TFEU consolidated"/>

;Part 4, Association of the overseas countries and territories Part 4 deals with association of overseas territories. Article 198 sets the objective of association as promoting the economic and social development of those associated territories as listed in annex 2. The following articles elaborate on the form of association such as customs duties.<ref name="TFEU consolidated"/>

;Part 5, External action by the Union Part 5 deals with EU foreign policy. Article 205 states that external actions must be in accordance with the principles laid out in Chapter 1 Title 5 of the Treaty on European Union. Article 206 and 207 establish the common commercial (external trade) policy of the EU. Articles 208 to 214 deal with cooperation on development and humanitarian aid for third countries. Article 215 deals with sanctions while articles 216 to 219 deal with procedures for establishing international treaties with third countries. Article 220 instructs the High Representative and Commission to engage in appropriate cooperation with other international organisations and article 221 establishes the EU delegations. Article 222, the ''Solidarity clause'' states that members shall come to the aid of a fellow member who is subject to a terrorist attack, natural disaster or man-made disaster. This includes the use of military force.<ref name="TFEU consolidated"/>

;Part 6, Institutional and financial provisions Part 6 elaborates on the institutional provisions in the Treaty on European Union. As well as elaborating on the structures, articles 288 to 299 outline the forms of legislative acts and procedures of the EU. Articles 300 to 309 establish the European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Regions and the European Investment Bank. Articles 310 to 325 outline the EU budget. Finally, articles 326 to 334 establishes provision for enhanced co-operation.<ref name="TFEU consolidated"/>

;Part 7, General and final provisions Part 7 deals with final legal points, such as territorial and temporal application, the seat of institutions (to be decided by member states, but this is enacted by a protocol attached to the treaties), immunities and the effect on treaties signed before 1958 or the date of accession.<ref name="TFEU consolidated"/>

===Protocols, annexes and declarations=== {{Wikisource|Consolidated protocols, annexes and declarations attached to the treaties of the European Union}} There are 37 protocols, 2 annexes and 65 declarations that are attached to the treaties to elaborate details, often in connection with a single country, without being in the full legal text.<ref name=ojc115/>

;Protocols<ref name="Treaty protocols">{{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:0201:0328:EN:PDF |title=Archived copy |website=eur-lex.europa.eu |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307190231/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:0201:0328:EN:PDF |archive-date=7 March 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * 1: on the role of National Parliaments in the European Union * 2: on the application of the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality * 3: on the statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union * 4: on the statute of the European System of Central Banks and of the European Central Bank * 5: on the statute of the European Investment Bank * 6: on the location of the seats of the institutions and of certain bodies, offices, agencies and departments of the European Union * 7: on the privileges and immunities of the European Union * 8: relating to Article 6(2) of the Treaty on European Union on the accession of the Union to the European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms * 9: on the decision of the Council relating to the implementation of Article 16(4) of the Treaty on European Union and Article 238(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union between 1 November 2014 and 31 March 2017 on the one hand, and as from 1 April 2017 on the other * 10: on permanent structured cooperation established by Article 42 of the Treaty on European Union * 11: on Article 42 of the Treaty on European Union * 12: on the excessive deficit procedure * 13: on the convergence criteria * 14: on the Euro Group * 15: on certain provisions relating to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland * 16: on certain provisions relating to Denmark * 17: on Denmark * 18: on France * 19: on the Schengen acquis integrated into the framework of the European Union * 20: on the application of certain aspects of Article 26 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to the United Kingdom and to Ireland * 21: on the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland in respect of the area of freedom, security and justice * 22: on the position of Denmark * 23: on external relations of the Member States with regard to the crossing of external borders * 24: on asylum for nationals of Member States of the European Union * 25: on the exercise of shared competence * 26: on services of general interest * 27: on the internal market and competition * 28: on economic, social and territorial cohesion * 29: on the system of public broadcasting in the Member States * 30: on the application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union to Poland and to the United Kingdom * 31: concerning imports into the European Union of petroleum products refined in the Netherlands Antilles * 32: on the acquisition of property in Denmark * 33: concerning Article 157 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union * 34: on special arrangements for Greenland * 35: on Article 40.3.3 of the Constitution of Ireland {{wikisource|Protocol Amending the Protocol on Transitional Provisions}} * 36: on transitional provisions * 37: on the financial consequences of the expiry of the ECSC treaty and on the Research fund for Coal and Steel

;Annexes<ref name="Treaty annexes">{{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:0329:0334:EN:PDF |title=Archived copy |website=eur-lex.europa.eu |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307190236/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:0329:0334:EN:PDF |archive-date=7 March 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Annex I lists agricultural and marine produce covered by the Common Agricultural Policy and the Common Fisheries Policy. * Annex II lists the overseas countries and territories associated with the EU.

;Declarations<ref name="Treaty declarations">{{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:0335:0359:EN:PDF |title=Archived copy |website=eur-lex.europa.eu |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307190242/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:0335:0359:EN:PDF |archive-date=7 March 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> There are 65 declarations attached to the EU treaties. As examples, these include the following. Declaration 1 affirms that the charter, gaining legal force, reaffirms rights under the European Convention and does not allow the EU to act beyond its conferred competencies. Declaration 4 allocates an extra MEP to Italy. Declaration 7 outlines Council voting procedures to become active after 2014. Declaration 17 asserts the primacy of EU law. Declaration 27 reasserts that holding a legal personality does not entitle the EU to act beyond its competencies. Declaration 43 allows Mayotte to change to the status of outermost region.

===Euratom=== {{wikisource|Consolidated version of the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community}} As well as the two main treaties, their protocols and the Charter of Fundamental Rights; the Treaty Establishing a European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) is still in force as a separate treaty.

Title one outlines the tasks of Euratom. Title two contains the core of the treaty on how cooperation in the field is to take place. Title three outlines institutional provisions and has largely been subsumed by the European Union treaties. Title four is on financial provisions and title five on the general and title six is on final provisions.<ref>[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2010:084:0001:0112:EN:PDF CONSOLIDATED VERSION OF THE TREATY ESTABLISHING THE EUROPEAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMUNITY (2010/C 84/01)], EurLex. Retrieved 18 September 2011</ref>

==Amendment and ratification== {{Politics of the European Union}} The treaties can be changed in three different ways. The ordinary revision procedure is essentially the traditional method by which the treaties have been amended and involves holding a full inter-governmental conference. The simplified revision procedure was established by the Treaty of Lisbon and only allows for changes which do not increase the power of the EU. While using the passerelle clause does involve amending the treaties, as such, it does allow for a change of legislative procedure in certain circumstances.

The '''ordinary revision procedure''' for amending treaties requires proposals from an institution to be lodged with the European Council. The President of the European Council can then either call a European Convention (composed of national governments, national parliamentarians, MEPs and representatives from the Commission) to draft the changes or draft the proposals in the European Council itself if the change is minor. They then proceed with an Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) which agrees the treaty which is then signed by all the national leaders and ratified by each state.<ref name="HOL REV">[https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldeucom/62/6206.htm Select Committee on European Union Tenth Report: CHAPTER 3: SIMPLIFIED TREATY REVISION AND PASSERELLES], British House of Lords 2008</ref>

While this is the procedure that has been used for all treaties prior to the Lisbon Treaty, an actual European Convention (essentially, a constitutional convention) has only been called twice. First in the drafting of the Charter of Fundamental Rights with the European Convention of 1999–2000. Second with the Convention on the Future of Europe which drafted the Constitutional Treaty (which then formed the basis of the Lisbon Treaty). Previously, treaties had been drafted by civil servants.

The '''simplified revision procedure''', which applies only to part three of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and cannot increase the powers of the EU, sees changes simply agreed in the European Council by a decision before being ratified by each state.<ref name="HOL REV"/> The amendment to article 136 TFEU makes use of the simplified revision procedure due to the small scope of its change.

Any reform to the legal basis of the EU must be ratified according to the procedures in each member state. All states are required to ratify it and lodge the instruments of ratification with the Government of Italy before the treaty can come into force in any respect. In some states, such as Ireland, this is usually a referendum as any change to that state's constitution requires one. In others, such as Belgium, referendums are constitutionally banned and the ratification must take place in its national parliament.

On some occasions, a state has failed to get a treaty passed by its public in a referendum. In the cases of Ireland and Denmark a second referendum was held after a number of concessions were granted. However, in the case of France and the Netherlands, the treaty was abandoned in favour of a treaty that would not prompt a referendum. In the case of Norway, where the treaty was their accession treaty, the treaty (hence, their membership) was also abandoned.

Treaties are also put before the European Parliament and while its vote is not binding, it is important; both the Belgian and Italian Parliaments said they would veto the Nice Treaty if the European Parliament did not approve it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://euobserver.com/9/1127 |title=European Parliament may reject the Nice Treaty |publisher=Euobserver.com |date=2015-04-15 |access-date=2015-05-20}}</ref>

===Minor amendments not requiring ratification=== {{main|Passerelle Clause}} The treaties contain a '''passerelle clause''' which allows the European Council to unanimously agree to change the applicable voting procedure in the Council of Ministers to QMV and to change legislation adoption procedure from a special to the ordinary legislative procedure, provided that no national parliament objects. This procedure cannot be used for areas which have defence implications.<ref name="HOL REV"/>

The fourth amendment procedure is for '''changing status''' of some of the special member state territories. The status of French, Dutch and Danish overseas territories can be changed more easily, by no longer requiring a full treaty revision. Instead, the European Council may, on the initiative of the member state concerned, change the status of an overseas country or territory (OCT) to an outermost region (OMR) or vice versa.<ref>The provision reads:

{{blockquote|Article 311 shall be repealed. A new Article 311a shall be inserted, with the wording of Article 299(2), first subparagraph, and Article 299(3) to (6); the text shall be amended as follows:

[...]

(e) the following new paragraph shall be added at the end of the Article:

"6. The European Council may, on the initiative of the Member State concerned, adopt a decision amending the status, with regard to the Union, of a Danish, French or Netherlands country or territory referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2. The European Council shall act unanimously after consulting the Commission."||[http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/cg00014.en07.pdf Treaty of Lisbon] Article 2, point 293}}</ref> This provision doesn't apply to special territories of the other member states.

Legend for below table: [Amending] – [Membership] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; white-space:nowrap; width:100%;" |- ! European Council decision type ! Established/Amended ! Agreed in ! Agreed on ! Effective from ! Ceased |- style="background:#fff3f3;" | Changing status of French territory<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:325:0004:0005:EN:PDF |title=Decisions : European Council Decision : amending the status with regard to the European Union of the island of Saint-Barthélemy |publisher=EUR-Lex |access-date=2015-05-20}}</ref> | Withdrawal of Saint-Barthélemy (OMR to OCT) | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|2010|10|29}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2012|1|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#fff3f3;" | Changing status of French territory<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:204:0131:0131:EN:PDF |title=Decisions : European Council Decision : amending the status of Mayotte with regard to the European Union |publisher=EUR-Lex |access-date=2015-05-20}}</ref> | Enlarged to Mayotte (OCT to OMR) | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|2012|7|11}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2014|1|1}} | ''in force'' |}

==Ratified treaties== {{EU evolution timeline}}

Legend for below table: [Founding] – [Amending] – [Membership] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap; width:100%;" |- ! Treaty ! Established/Amended ! Signed in ! Signed on ! Effective from ! Ceased |- style="background:#f3f3ff;" | ECSC Treaty source text | European Coal and Steel Community | Paris, FR | {{dts|format=dmy|1951|4|18}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1952|7|23}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2002|7|23}}<ref>Expired due to 50-year limit included in Treaty, absorbed by EC via Treaty of Nice.</ref> |- style="background:#e2f3e2;" | Treaty amending the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:11956K/TXT|title=Vertrag zur Abänderung des Vertrages über die Gründung der Europäischen Gemeinschaft für Kohle und Stahl}}</ref> | {{Collapsible list |title=Amended Previous|Amended the ECSC treaty to take into account the transfer of Saarland from France to Germany}} | Luxembourg, LU | {{dts|format=dmy|1956|10|27}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1958|10|9}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20535/volume-535-I-3729-English.pdf|title=UN Treaty Series}}</ref> | {{dts|format=dmy|2002|7|23}}<ref>Expired with the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community.</ref> |- style="background:#f3f3ff;" | EEC Treaty (Treaty of Rome) source text | European Economic Community | Rome, IT | {{dts|format=dmy|1957|3|25}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1958|1|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#f3f3ff;" | Euratom Treaty source text | European Atomic Energy Community | Rome, IT | {{dts|format=dmy|1957|3|25}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1958|1|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2;" | Convention on certain institutions common to the European Communities<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cvce.eu/viewer/-/content/903872ca-002c-4ba4-b845-c25bbcb0f60f/en |title=Treaty establishing the EEC – Convention on certain institutions common to the European Communities (Rome, 25 March 1957) – CVCE Website |publisher=Cvce.eu |date=1957-03-25 |access-date=2015-05-20}}</ref> | {{Collapsible list |title=Amended Previous | Established a common Assembly, a common Court of Justice and a common Economic and Social Committee}} | Rome, IT | {{dts|format=dmy|1957|3|25}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1958|1|1}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1999|5|1}}<ref name="Replaced by Amsterdam Treaty">Replaced by Amsterdam Treaty</ref> |- style="background:#fff3f3;" | Netherlands Antilles Convention source text | OCT status for the Netherlands Antilles | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1962|11|13}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1964|10|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2;" | Merger Treaty source text | {{Collapsible list |title=Amended Previous | Executives of ECSC and EAEC combined with those of the EEC.}} | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1965|4|8}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1967|7|1}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1999|5|1}}<ref name="Replaced by Amsterdam Treaty"/> |- style="background:#e2f3e2;" | First Budgetary Treaty | {{Collapsible list |title=Amended Previous | Partial budgetary powers to Parliament}} | Luxembourg, LU | {{dts|format=dmy|1970|4|22}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1971|1|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#fff3f3;" | Treaty of Accession 1972 | Enlarged to Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1972|1|22}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1973|1|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2;" | Treaty amending certain provisions of the Protocol on the Statute of the European Investment Bank<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:11975X/TXT|title=Treaty amending certain provisions of the Protocol on the Statute of the European Investment Bank}}</ref> | {{Collapsible list |title=Amended Previous | Protocol on the Statute of the European Investment Bank}} | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1975|7|10}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1977|10|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2;" | Second Budgetary Treaty | {{Collapsible list |title=Amended Previous | Greater budgetary powers to Parliament Established the Court of Auditors (see article for all changes).}} | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1975|7|22}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1977|6|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#fff3f3;" | Treaty of Accession 1979 | Enlarged to Greece | Athens, GR | {{dts|format=dmy|1979|5|28}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1981|1|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#fff3f3;" | Greenland Treaty source text | Withdrawal of Greenland | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1984|3|13}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1985|2|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#fff3f3;" | Treaty of Accession 1985 | Enlarged to Spain and Portugal | Madrid, ES Lisbon, PT | {{dts|format=dmy|1985|6|12}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1986|1|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2;" | Single European Act source text | {{Collapsible list |title=Amended Previous | Introduced the Single Market and European Political Cooperation}} | Luxembourg, LU The Hague, NL | {{dts|format=dmy|1986|2|17}} {{dts|format=dmy|1986|2|28}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1987|7|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#f3f3ff;" | Treaty of Maastricht source text (Treaty on European Union) | European Union {{Collapsible list |title=Amended Previous | EEC became European Community pillar of EU. Intergovernmental pillars of CFSP and JHA established.}} | Maastricht, NL | {{dts|format=dmy|1992|2|7}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1993|11|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2;" | Act amending the Protocol on the Statute of the European Investment Bank empowering the Board of Governors to establish a European Investment Fund<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:11993X/TXT|title=Act amending the Protocol on the Statute of the European Investment Bank empowering the Board of Governors to establish a European Investment Fund}}</ref> | Established the European Investment Fund | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1993|3|25}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1994|5|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#fff3f3;" | Treaty of Accession 1994 | Enlarged to Austria, Finland and Sweden | Corfu, GR | {{dts|format=dmy|1994|6|24}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1995|1|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2;" | Treaty of Amsterdam source text | {{Collapsible list |title=Amended Previous | Introduced the High Representative, transferred powers from JHA pillar to EC and integrated the Schengen Agreement (see article for all changes).}} | Amsterdam, NL | {{dts|format=dmy|1997|10|2}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1999|5|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2;" | Treaty of Nice source text | {{Collapsible list |title=Amended Previous | Prepared the EU to cope with enlargement (see article for all changes).}} | Nice, FR | {{dts|format=dmy|2001|2|26}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2003|2|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#fff3f3;" | Treaty of Accession 2003 | {{Collapsible list |title=Enlarged to | Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia}} | Athens, GR | {{dts|format=dmy|2003|4|16}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2004|5|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#fff3f3;" | Treaty of Accession 2005 | Enlarged to Bulgaria and Romania | Luxembourg, LU | {{dts|format=dmy|2005|4|25}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2007|1|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2;" | Treaty of Lisbon source text | {{Collapsible list |title=Amended Previous | Created European Council President, enhanced foreign policy, abolished pillar system, expanded Parliament's powers and QMV, made Rights charter binding.}} | Lisbon, PT | {{dts|format=dmy|2007|12|13}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2009|12|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2;" | Protocol on European Parliament seats source text | {{Collapsible list |title=Amended Protocol 36 | Appointed 18 new members of the EP until the 2014 election, who would have been elected in 2009 if the Treaty of Lisbon had been in force. No seats were abolished, so the number of the MEPs temporarily increased to 754.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://euobserver.com/9/31591 |title=Romania targets new MEPs in expanding Schengen backlash |publisher=Euobserver.com |date=2010-06-23 |access-date=2015-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alzheimer-europe.org/News/European-developments/Wednesday-23-June-2010-18-new-MEPs-to-join-the-European-Parliament-in-December |title=Wednesday 23 June 2010 – 18 new MEPs to join the European Parliament in December – EU developments – News |publisher=Alzheimer Europe |access-date=2015-05-20}}</ref><ref>Official Journal of the European Union C 263 /1 – [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2010:263:0001:0010:EN:PDF Protocol Amending the Protocol on Transitional Provisions annexed to the Treaty on European Union, to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and to the Treaty Establishing the European Atomic Energy Community]</ref>}} | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|2010|6|23}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2011|12|1}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2010057 |title=Agreement – Consilium |publisher=Consilium.europa.eu |access-date=2015-05-20}}</ref> | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2;" | TFEU ESM amendment source text | {{Collapsible list |title=Amended TFEU Article 136|Authorised the establishment of the European Stability Mechanism.}} | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|2011|3|25}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2013|5|1}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2011030 |title=Agreement – Consilium |publisher=Consilium.europa.eu |access-date=2015-05-20}}</ref> | ''in force'' |- style="background:#fff3f3;" | Treaty of Accession 2011 source text | Enlarged to Croatia | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|2011|12|9}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2013|7|1}}<ref>{{cite web|work=Council of the European Union|access-date=2 March 2013|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2011051|title=Treaty of Accession 2011 details}}</ref> | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2;" | Irish protocol on the Lisbon Treaty | Formalising the Irish guarantees | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|2012|5|16}} – 13 June 2012<ref name="irishprot">{{cite web|work=Council of the European Union|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2011053|title=Protocol on the concerns of the Irish people on the Treaty of Lisbon details|access-date=2 March 2013}}</ref> | {{dts|format=dmy|2014|12|1}}<ref name="irishprot" /><ref>{{cite web|work=Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della cooperazione internazionale)|url=http://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2014-12-17&atto.codiceRedazionale=14A09644&elenco30giorni=false|title=COMUNICATO: Entrata in vigore del Protocollo concernente le preoccupazioni del popolo irlandese al Trattato di Lisbona, fatto a Bruxelles il 13 giugno 2012. (14A09644) (GU Serie Generale n.292 del 17-12-2014)|access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref> | ''in force'' |- style="background:#fff3f3;" | Brexit Agreement | Withdrawal of the United Kingdom | Brussels, BE London, UK | {{dts|format=dmy|2020|1|24}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2020|2|1}}<ref>{{cite web|work=Council of the European Union|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2019047&DocLanguage=en|title=Agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community|access-date=2 March 2013}}</ref> | ''in force'' |}

==Abandoned treaties== thumb|The European Constitution failed due to negative votes in two member states.

;1972 and 1994 Treaties of Accession of Norway Norway applied to join the European Communities/Union on two occasions. Both times a national referendum rejected membership, leading Norway to abandon their ratification of the treaty of accession. The first treaty was signed in Brussels on 22 January 1972 and the second in Corfu on 24 June 1994.

;Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (the European Constitution) {{wikisource|Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe}} The European Constitution was a treaty that would have repealed and consolidated all previous overlapping treaties (except the Euratom treaty) into a single document. It also made changes to voting systems, simplified the structure of the EU and advanced co-operation in foreign policy. The treaty was signed in Rome on 29 October 2004 and was due to come into force on 1 November 2006 if it was ratified by all member states. However, this did not occur, with France rejecting the document in a national referendum on 29 May 2005 and then the Netherlands in their own referendum on 1 June 2005. Although it had been ratified by a number of member states, following a "period of reflection", the constitution in that form was scrapped and replaced by the Treaty of Lisbon.

==Related treaties==

Although not formally part of European Union law, several closely related treaties have been signed outside the framework of the EU and its predecessors between the member states because the EU lacked authority to act in the field. After the EU obtained such autonomy, many of these conventions were gradually replaced by EU instruments.

Following on from the success of the Treaty of Paris, establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, efforts were made to allow West Germany to rearm within the framework of a common European military structure. The Treaty instituting the European Defence Community was signed by the six members on 27 May 1952,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cvce.eu/en/obj/treaty_instituting_the_european_defence_community_paris_27_may_1952-en-2af9ea94-7798-4434-867a-36c4a256d0af.html|title=Treaty instituting the European Defence Community (Paris, 27 May 1952)|date=18 December 2013|access-date=2017-11-04|publisher=Centre virtuel de la connaissance sur l'Europe}}</ref> but it never entered into force as it was not ratified by France and Italy.<ref name=EDCFRA>{{cite web|url=http://basedoc.diplomatie.gouv.fr/exl-php/cadcgp.php?CMD=CHERCHE&QUERY=1&MODELE=vues/mae_internet___traites/home.html&VUE=mae_internet___traites|title=TRA19520108|access-date=2018-05-24|publisher=Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref name=EDCCVCE>{{cite web|url=https://www.cvce.eu/en/education/unit-content/-/unit/803b2430-7d1c-4e7b-9101-47415702fc8e/c23dd653-ba51-4f7e-9bf1-2c33b347d339|title=The refusal to ratify the EDC Treaty|access-date=2018-05-24|publisher=CVCE.eu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eeas.europa.eu/topics/common-security-and-defence-policy-csdp/5388/shaping-of-a-common-security-and-defence-policy-_en|title=Shaping of a Common Security and Defence Policy|date=2016-07-08|access-date=2017-11-04|publisher=European External Action Service}}</ref><ref name=EDCEEAS>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-17-1517_en.htm|title=Questions and Answers: the Future of European Defence|date=2017-06-07|access-date=2017-11-04|publisher=European External Action Service}}</ref> The Common Assembly also began drafting a treaty for a European Political Community to ensure democratic accountability of the new army, but it was abandoned when the Defence Community treaty was rejected.

Other early examples include the Statute of the European School of 1957,<ref name=1957ST>{{cite web|url=https://treatydatabase.overheid.nl/en/Verdrag/Details/008502.html|title=Statute of the European School|access-date=2019-03-23|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref> the Naples Convention of 1967 on customs cooperation,<ref name=NAP67>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/treaties/treatyrecord.htm?tid=2781|title=Convention between Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands on the Provision of Mutual Assistance by their Customs Authorities|access-date=2018-07-09|publisher=Government of the United Kingdom}}</ref> the Brussels Convention of 1968 on jurisdiction in civil matters,<ref name=BRUS>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1968001|title=Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgements in civil and commercial matters|access-date=2014-11-06|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Convention setting up a European University Institute on 1972<ref name=EUITXT>{{cite journal|url= http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1436893428665&uri=CELEX:41976A0209(01)|title= Convention setting up a European University Institute|year=1976 |journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=С|number=29}}</ref><ref name=EUINL>{{cite web|url=https://verdragenbank.overheid.nl/en/Treaty/Details/002632|title=Convention setting up a European University Institute|access-date=2019-02-10|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref> and the amending Convention of 1992 to the EUI Convention,<ref name=EUIAMDNL>{{cite web|url=https://verdragenbank.overheid.nl/en/Treaty/Details/005199.html|title=Convention revising the Convention setting up a European University Institute|access-date=2019-02-10|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref><ref name=EUIAMDTXT>{{cite web|url=https://www.eui.eu/en/public/about/convention-setting-up-the-eui|title=Convention setting up a European University Institute as revised by the 1992 amending Convention|date=2025-06-05|access-date=2015-10-10|publisher=European University Institute}}</ref> the Agreement on the Suppression of Terrorism of 1979,<ref name=ECST>{{cite web|url=https://treatydatabase.overheid.nl/en/Treaty/Details/000826.html|title=Agreement concerning the Application of the European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism among Member States|access-date=2019-01-26|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref> the Rome Convention of 1980 on contractual obligations,<ref name=ROMECONV>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1988024|title=Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations|access-date=2014-11-06|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Convention on double jeopardy of 1987,<ref name=DUBJEP>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1987009&DocLanguage=en|title=Convention between the Member States of the European Communities on Double Jeopardy (Deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Belgium)|access-date=2018-07-20|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Agreement on the application of the Council of Europe Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons of 1987,<ref name=TRANSFER>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1987010&DocLanguage=en|title=Agreement on the application between the Member States of the European Communities of the Council of Europe Convention on the transfer of sentenced persons (Deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Belgium)|access-date=2018-07-21|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Convention abolishing the legalization of documents of 1987,<ref name=LEGALIZATION>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1987011&DocLanguage=en|title=Convention abolishing the legalization of documents in the Member States of the European Communities|access-date=2018-12-23|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Agreement on the simplification and modernization of extradition requests of 1989,<ref name=EXTTRANS>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1989025&DocLanguage=en|title=Agreement between the Member States of the European Communities on the simplification and modernization of methods of transmitting extradition requests (Deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Spain)|access-date=2018-06-03|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Dublin Convention of 1990 on asylum,<ref name=DUB>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1990090|title=Convention determining the State responsible for examining applications for asylum lodged in one of the Member States of the European Communities (Deposited with the Government of Ireland)|access-date=2014-11-08|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Arbitration convention of 1990 on double taxation,<ref name=ARB>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1990093|title=Convention on the elimination of double taxation in connection with the adjustment of profits of associated enterprises (arbitration convention)|access-date=2015-06-27|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Maintenance Convention of 1990,<ref name=MAIN>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1990097&DocLanguage=en|title=Convention between the Member States of the European Communities on the simplification of procedures for the recovery of maintencance payments|access-date=2019-01-06|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Transfer of Criminal Proceedings Agreement of 1990,<ref name=TRANSF>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1990106&DocLanguage=en|title=Agreement between the Member States (of the European Communities) on the Transfer of Proceedings in Criminal Matters|access-date=2019-02-09|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Convention on the Enforcement of Foreign Criminal Sentences of 1991,<ref name=FORSEN>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1991074&DocLanguage=en|title=Convention between the Member States of the European Communities on the Enforcement of Foreign Criminal Sentences|access-date=2018-06-03|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Eurovignette Agreement of 1994,<ref name=VIGNETTE>{{cite web|url=https://verdragenbank.overheid.nl/en/Treaty/Details/005378.html|title=Agreement on the levying of charges for the use of certain roads by heavy goods vehicles|access-date=2019-01-16|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref> and the Convention Defining the Statute of the European Schools of 1994.<ref name=1994ST>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1993110&DocLanguage=en|title=Convention defining the Statute of the European schools|access-date=2019-03-23|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> Additionally, the convention on mutual recognition of companies and legal persons was signed in 1968 but never entered into force.<ref name=LEGPERS>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1968002&DocLanguage=en|title=Convention on the Mutual Recognition of Companies and Legal Persons|access-date=2018-05-24|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://aei.pitt.edu/5610/1/5610.pdf|title=Convention on the Mutual Recognition of Companies and Bodies Corporate|date=1968-02-29|access-date=2015-06-27|publisher=Bulletin of the European Communities}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NklghyZ9_awC&pg=PA9|title=European Economic Law|year=2009|publisher=Wolters Kluwer|first=Alberto|last=Santa Maria|pages=9–10|isbn=9789041125361}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OyfcBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA7|title=The Governing Law of Companies in EU Law|year=2012|first=Justin|last=Borg-Barthet|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|pages=7|isbn=9781847319265}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YvNo5b3aoqUC&pg=PA164|title=Modernization of European Company Law and Corporate Governance: Some Considerations on Its Legal Limits|year=2010|first=G. J.|last=Vossestein|publisher=Wolters Kluwer|pages=164–166|isbn=9789041125927}}</ref> Likewise, the Community Patent Convention of 1975<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:41975A3490|title=Convention for the European patent for the common market|date=1976-01-26|access-date=2015-06-27|journal=Official Journal of the European Communities|volume=L|number=17/1}}</ref> and the Agreement relating to Community patents of 1989,<ref name=AGRPAT>{{cite journal|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.1989.401.01.0001.01.ENG|title=Agreement relating to Community patents|date=1989-12-30|access-date=2015-06-27|journal=Official Journal of the European Communities|volume=L|number=401/1}}</ref> which amended the 1975 Convention never entered into force.<ref name=AGRPATRAT>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1989104|title=Agreement relating to Community Patents|access-date=2015-06-27|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wkq9BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA33|title=The Unitary EU Patent System|year=2015|first1=Justine|last1=Pila|first2=Christopher|last2=Wadlow|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|pages=33–35|isbn=9781782255062}}</ref>

Article K.3 of the Maastricht Treaty, which entered into force in 1993, authorised the European Communities to "draw up conventions which it shall recommend to the Member States for adoption in accordance with their respective constitutional requirements" under the newly created Justice and Home Affairs pillar, which was organised on an intergovernmental basis. Concluded under these provisions were the Naples II Convention of 1997 on customs cooperation,<ref name=NAP2>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1997147|title=Convention drawn up on the basis of Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union on Mutual Assistance and Cooperation between Customs Administrations|access-date=2015-06-27|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the conventions on simplified extradition procedures of 1995,<ref name=SIMPEXT>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1995104|title=Convention drawn up on the basis of Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union, on simplified extradition procedure between the Member States of the European Union|access-date=2015-06-27|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Europol Convention of 1995 establishing Europol,<ref name=EUROPOL>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1995106|title=Convention drawn up on the basis of Article K.3 of Treaty on European Union, on the establishment of a European Police Office (Europol Convention)|access-date=2014-11-06|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the PFI Convention of 1995 on fraud,<ref name=PIF>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1995107|title=Convention drawn up on the basis of Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union, on the protection of the European Communities' financial interests|access-date=2015-06-27|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Customs Information System Convention of 1995,<ref name=CUST>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1995110|title=Convention drawn up on the basis of Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union, on the use of information technology for customs purposes|access-date=2015-06-27|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Insolvency Convention of 1995,<ref name=INSOLVCONV/> the Convention relating to extradition of 1996,<ref name=EXT>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1996063|title=Convention drawn up on the basis of Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union relating to Extradition between the Member States of the European Union|access-date=2015-06-27|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the convention on the fight against corruption of 1997,<ref name=COR>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1997079|title=Convention drawn up on the basis of Article K.3(2)(c) of the Treaty on European Union on the fight against corruption involving officials of the European Communities or officials of Member States of the European Union|access-date=2015-06-27|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Service Convention of 1997 on the service of documents,<ref name=SERV>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1997074|title=Convention drawn up on the basis of Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union on the service of Member States of the European Union of Judicial and Extrajudicial documents in Civil and Commercial matters|access-date=2015-06-27|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the convention on matrimonial matters of 1998,<ref name=MAT>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1998014|title=Convention drawn up on the basis of Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgements in matrimonial matters|access-date=2015-06-27|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the convention on driving disqualifications of 1998,<ref name=DRIVE>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1998036|title=Convention drawn up on the basis of Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union on Driving Disqualifications|access-date=2015-06-27|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> and the convention on mutual assistance in criminal matters of 2000.<ref name=CRIMMAT>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2000023|title=Convention, established by the Council in accordance with Article 34 of the Treaty on European Union, on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters between the Member States of the European Union|access-date=2015-06-27|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref><ref name=CRIMMATCROAT>{{cite web|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/ficheprocedure.do?lang=en&reference=2014/0321(NLE)|title=Mutual assistance in criminal matters: accession of Croatia to the 2000 Convention and 2001 Protocol thereto|access-date=2017-06-18|publisher=European Parliament}}</ref><ref name=CRIMMATICENOR>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2003125|title=Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Iceland and the Kingdom of Norway on the application of certain provisions of the Convention of 29 May 2000 on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters between the Member States of the European Union and the 2001 Protocol thereto|access-date=2015-06-28|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> Numerous protocols to these agreements have also been concluded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1996090|title=Protocol drawn up on the basis of Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union on the interpretation, by way of preliminary rulings, by the Court of Justice of the European Communities of the Convention on the protection of the European Communities' financial interests|access-date=2015-08-21|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2001090|title=Protocol, established by the Council in accordance with Article 34 of the Treaty on European Union, to the Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters between the Member States of the European Union|access-date=2015-08-21|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> The JHA was integrated into the EC structures as the area of freedom, security and justice with the Lisbon Treaty's entry into force in 2009, which has allowed a number of these Conventions to be replaced by EU Regulations or Decisions.

Finally, several treaties have been concluded between a subset of EU member states due to a lack of unanimity. The Schengen Treaty and Convention of 1985 and 1990 respectively were agreed to in this manner, but were subsequently incorporated into EU law by the Amsterdam Treaty with the remaining EU member states that had not signed the treaty being given an opt-out from implementing it.<ref name=schengencon/> Others agreements signed as intergovernmental treaties outside the EU legal framework include the EU status of forces agreement of 2003,<ref name=EUSOFA>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2003102&DocLanguage=en|title=Agreement between the Member States of the European Union concerning the status of military and civilian staff seconded to the institutions of the European Union, of the headquarters and forces which may be made available to the European Union in the context of the preparation and execution of the tasks referred to in Article 17(2) of the Treaty on European Union, including exercises, and of the military and civilian staff of the Member States put at the disposal of the European Union to act in this context (EU SOFA)|access-date=2018-06-14|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the EU claims agreement of 2004,<ref name=EUCLAIMS>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2004024&DocLanguage=en|title=Agreement between the Member States of the European Union concerning claims introduced by each Member State against any other Member State for damage to any property owned, used or operated by it or injury or death suffered by any military or civilian staff of its services, in the context of an EU crisis management operation|access-date=2018-06-16|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Treaty of Strasbourg of 2004 establishing the Eurocorps,<ref name=EUROCORP>{{cite web|url=https://basedoc.diplomatie.gouv.fr/pages/details-traites/?refine.doc_ref=TRA20040219|title=Traité relatif au Corps européen et au statut de son Quartier général entre la République française, la République fédérale d'Allemagne, le royaume de Belgique, le royaume d'Espagne et le grand-duché de Luxembourg (TRA20040219)|access-date=2018-05-23|publisher=Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%202595/v2595.pdf|title=Treaties and international agreements registered or filed and recorded with the Secretariat of the United Nations|date=2009|access-date=2018-05-23|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> the Treaty of Velsen of 2007 establishing the European Gendarmerie Force,<ref>Eurogendfor.org, [http://www.eurogendfor.org/eurogendfor-library/download-area/official-texts/establishing-the-eurogendfor-treaty Treaty establishing the European Gendarmerie Force], accessed on 24 January 2014</ref><ref name=EGF>{{cite web|url=https://verdragenbank.overheid.nl/en/Treaty/Details/011496.html|title=Treaty between the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, the Italian Republic, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Portuguese Republic, establishing the European Gendarmerie Force EUROGENDFOR|access-date=2018-05-23|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref> the Prüm Convention of 2005 on the fight against terrorism, the convention on centralised customs clearance of 2009,<ref name=CCCC>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2009003&DocLanguage=en|title=Convention on centralised customs clearance, concerning the allocation of national collection costs retained when traditional own resources are made available to the EU budget|access-date=2018-06-16|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Agreement on the protection of classified information of 2011,<ref name=EUCI>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2009054&DocLanguage=en|title=Agreement between the Member States of the European Union, meeting within the Council, regarding the protection of classified information exchanged in the interests of the European Union|access-date=2018-06-14|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> the Treaty Establishing the European Stability Mechanism of 2012 establishing the European Stability Mechanism, the European Fiscal Compact of 2012 on fiscal rules in the eurozone, the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court of 2013 establishing the Unified Patent Court, and the Single Resolution Fund Agreement of 2014 establishing the Single Resolution Fund. However, all these agreements are open to accession by EU member states. The text of the Prum Convention, Fiscal Compact and Single Resolution Fund Agreement state that the intention of the signatories is to incorporate the treaty's provisions into EU structures and that EU law should take precedence over the treaty. A TFEU amendment was ratified which authorises the creation of the ESM, giving it a legal basis in the EU treaties.

An updated EMU reform plan issued in June 2015 by the five presidents of the council, European Commission, ECB, Eurogroup and European Parliament outlined a roadmap for integrating the Fiscal Compact and Single Resolution Fund agreement into the framework of EU law by June 2017, and the intergovernmental European Stability Mechanism by 2025.<ref name="Completing the EMU">{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/european-council/president/pdf/5-presidents-report-en_pdf/|title=Completing Europe's Economic and Monetary Union: Report by Jean-Claude Juncker in close cooperation with Donald Tusk, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Mario Draghi and Martin Schulz|publisher=European Commission|date=21 June 2015}}</ref> Proposals by the European Commission to incorporate the substance of the Fiscal Compact into EU law and create a European Monetary Fund to replace the ESM were published in December 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52017PC0824|title=Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE laying down provisions for strengthening fiscal responsibility and the medium-term budgetary orientation in the Member States|date=2017-12-06|access-date=2017-12-29|publisher=European Union}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52017PC0827|title=Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION on the establishment of the European Monetary Fund|date=2017-12-06|access-date=2018-01-29|publisher=European Union}}</ref> On 30 November 2020 the finance ministers at the Eurogroup agreed to amend the treaties establishing the ESM and Single Resolution Fund,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statement of the Eurogroup in inclusive format on the ESM reform and the early introduction of the backstop to the Single Resolution Fund|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2020/11/30/statement-of-the-eurogroup-in-inclusive-format-on-the-esm-reform-and-the-early-introduction-of-the-backstop-to-the-single-resolution-fund/|access-date=2020-12-08|website=www.consilium.europa.eu|language=en}}</ref> to be ratified in 2021 by all Eurozone member states. The reform proposal was blocked for months because of the veto of the Italian government.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-11-30|title=Italy's economy minister signals he is ready to back ESM reform|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eurozone-esm-italy-idINKBN28A15P|access-date=2020-12-08}}</ref> The proposed amendments include:<ref>{{Cite web|title=The proposed amendments to the Treaty establishing the European Stability Mechanism – Think Tank|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=IPOL_IDA(2019)634357|access-date=2020-12-08|website=www.europarl.europa.eu|language=en}}</ref> * The establishment of the ESM as a "backstop" to the Single Resolution Fund (SRF). * Reform of ESM Governance * The precautionary financial assistance instruments * Clarifications and expansions of the ESM mandate on economic governance;

Title 3 of the Fiscal Compact was incorporated into EU law as part of the economic governance framework reforms (Regulation (EU) 2024/1263, Council Directive (EU) 2024/1265 and Council Regulation (EU) 2024/1264) which entered into force as of 4 April 2024.<ref name=TSCGEQLAW/>

===List===

Legend for below table: [in force] – [replaced] ;Ratified treaties {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;" |- !colspan=7| Ratified treaties |- ! Treaty ! Subject matter ! Signed in ! Signed on ! Parties ! Effective from ! Status |- style="background:#fff3f3" | Statute of the European School | European Schools | Luxemburg, LU | {{dts|format=dmy|1957|9|1}} | 13 EU states<ref name=1957ST/> | {{dts|format=dmy|1960|2|22}} | ''Repealed''{{efn|Replaced by the Convention defining the Statute of the European schools on 1 October 2002.<ref name=1957ST/>}} |- style="background:#fff3f3" | Naples Convention | Customs cooperation | Rome, IT | {{dts|format=dmy|1967|9|7}} | 13 EU states<ref name=NAP67/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://verdragenbank.overheid.nl/en/Verdrag/Details/003579.html|title=Convention between the Kingdom of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of France, the Republic of Italy, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Kingdom of the Netherlands on mutual assistance between the respective customs administrations|access-date=2018-05-24|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref> | {{dts|format=dmy|1970|2|1}} | ''Repealed''{{efn|Replaced by the Naples II Convention on 23 June 2009.<ref name=NAP2/>}} |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Brussels Convention (Protocol<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1971001&DocLanguage=en|title=Protocol on the interpretation by the Court of Justice of the Convention of 27 September 1968 on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgements in civil and commercial matters|access-date=2022-01-01|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref>) | Jurisdiction in civil matters | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1968|9|27}} | 15 EU states<ref name=BRUS/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1978004&DocLanguage=en|title=Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of civil and commercial matters and to the Protocol on its interpretation by the Court of Justice|access-date=2018-05-24|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1982001&DocLanguage=en|title=Convention on the accession of the Hellenic Republic to the Convention on jurisdiction and enforcement of judgements in civil and commercial matters and to the Protocol on its interpretation by the Court of Justice with the adjustments made to them by the Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, of Ireland and of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|access-date=2018-05-24|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1989099&DocLanguage=en|title=Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic to the Convention on jurisdiction and enforcement of judgements in civil and commercial matters and to the Protocol on its interpretation by the Court of Justice with the adjustments made to them by the Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, of Ireland and of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the adjustments made to them by the Convention on the accession of the Hellenic Republic|access-date=2018-05-24|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1996066&DocLanguage=en|title=Convention on the accession of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden to the Convention on jurisdiction and enforcement of judgements in civil and commercial matters and to the Protocol on its interpretation by the Court of Justice with the adjustments made to them by the Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, of Ireland and of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, by the Convention on the accession of the Hellenic Republic and by the Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic|access-date=2018-05-24|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> | {{dts|format=dmy|1973|02|1}} | ''in force''{{efn|Superseded by the Brussels Regulation on 1 March 2002 for the territory covered by the EU treaties for all member states except Denmark,<ref name=BRUSREG>{{cite journal|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2001:012:0001:0023:EN:PDF|title=COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters|date=2001-01-16|access-date=2014-11-07|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L|number=121}}</ref> and by a bilateral agreement with Denmark on 1 July 2007.<ref name=DENBRUS>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2005051|title=Agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters|access-date=2014-11-08|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref>}} |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Convention setting up a European University Institute | European University Institute | Florence, IT | {{dts|format=dmy|1972|4|19}} | 25 EU states<ref name=EUINL/><ref name=EUIAMDTXT/><ref name="A Brief History of the EUI">{{cite web|url=https://www.eui.eu/en/public/about/vision-of-a-future-eui/a-brief-history-of-the-eui|title=A Brief History of the EUI|access-date=2019-02-10|publisher=European University Institute}}</ref> EU non-party: CZ, HU, LT | {{dts|format=dmy|1975|2|1}} | ''in force''{{efn|Amended by the Convention revising the Convention setting up a European University Institute of 1992, which entered into force in 2007 when the last contracting state ratified the Convention.}} |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Rome Convention | Contractual obligations | Rome, IT | {{dts|format=dmy|1980|6|19}} | 27 EU states<ref name=ROMECONV/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1988023&DocLanguage=en|title=Convention on the accession of the Hellenic Republic to the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980|access-date=2018-05-25|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1992082&DocLanguage=en|title=Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic to the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980|access-date=2018-05-25|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1996067&DocLanguage=en|title=Convention on the accession of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden to the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, and to the First and Second Protocols on its interpretation by the Court of Justice|access-date=2018-05-25|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2005023&DocLanguage=en|title=Convention on the Accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic to the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, and to the First and Second Protocols on its interpretation by the Court of Justice of the European Communities|access-date=2018-05-25|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> | {{dts|format=dmy|1991|4|1}} | ''in force''{{efn|Superseded by the Rome I Regulation on 17 December 2009 for the territory covered by the EU treaties for all member states except the United Kingdom and Denmark.<ref name=ROMEREG>{{cite journal|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008R0593&from=EN|title=REGULATION (EC) No 593/2008 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I)|date=2008-07-04|access-date=2014-11-07|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L|number=177}}</ref> The United Kingdom subsequently decided to opt-in to the Rome I Regulation, effective 17 December 2009.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Commission Decision of 22 December 2008 on the request from the United Kingdom to accept Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and the Council on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I)|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:010:0022:0022:en:PDF|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L|number=10|pages=22|date=2009-01-15|access-date=2019-01-05}}</ref>}} |- style="background:#e2f3e2;" | Schengen Agreement | Established open borders | Schengen, LU | {{dts|format=dmy|1985|6|14}} | 26 EU states<ref>{{cite web |url=https://verdragenbank.overheid.nl/en/Treaty/Details/000058.html |title=Agreement between the Governments of the States of the Benelux Economic Union, the Federal Republic of Germany and the French Republic on the Gradual Abolition of Checks at their Common Borders |access-date=2014-10-31 |publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref>{{efn|name=Schengen|Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland have also ratified agreements to apply some of the provisions of this agreement.<ref name=ICENORSCHENGEN>{{cite web |url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1999025 |title=Agreement with the Republic of Iceland and the Kingdom of Norway concerning the latters' association with the implementation, application and development of the Schengen acquis |access-date=2014-11-01 |publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref><ref name=SWISCHENGEN>{{cite web |url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2004085 |title=Agreement between the European Union, the European Community and the Swiss Confederation on the Swiss Confederation's association with the implementation, application and development of the Schengen acquis |access-date=2014-11-01 |publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref><ref name=LIESCHENGEN>{{cite web |url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2007007 |title=Protocol between the European Union, the European Community, the Swiss Confederation and the Principality of Liechtenstein on the accession of the Principality of Liechtenstein to the Agreement between the European Union, the European Community and the Swiss Confederation on the Swiss Confederation's association with the implementation, application and development of the Schengen acquis |access-date=2014-11-01 |publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref>}} EU non-party: IE, UK{{efn|name=SchengenOptOut|Ireland and the United Kingdom have an opt-out from participating in the Agreement.}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1995|3|26}} | ''in force'', ''integrated as Union law''{{efn|name=SCENGEN|Incorporated into Union Law in 1999 through a Protocol to the Treaty of Amsterdam.}} |- style="background:#fff3f3" | Dublin Convention | Asylum | Dublin, IE | {{dts|format=dmy|1990|6|15}} | 23 EU states<ref name=DUB/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://verdragenbank.overheid.nl/en/Treaty/Details/004023.html|title=Convention on the determination of the State responsible for examining an asylum application lodged with one of the Member States of the European Communities|date=2009-12-18|access-date=2018-07-10|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref> | {{dts|format=dmy|1997|9|1}} | ''Replaced''{{efn|Replaced by the Dublin II Regulation on 17 March 2003 for all member states except Denmark,<ref name=DUBREG>{{cite journal|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32003R0343&from=EN|title=COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 343/2003 of 18 February 2003 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an asylum application lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national|date=2003-02-25|access-date=2014-11-08|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L|number=50|pages=1}}</ref> and by a bilateral agreement with Denmark on 1 April 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2004127|title=Agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark on the criteria and mechanisms for establishing the state responsible for examining a request for asylum lodged in Denmark or any other Member State of the European Union and "Eurodac" for the comparison of fingerprints for the effective application of the Dublin Convention|access-date=8 November 2014|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref>}} |- style="background:#e2f3e2;" | Schengen Convention<ref name=schengencon>{{cite web|url=http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/EN/EinreiseUndAufenthalt/Schengen.html|title=The Schengen area and cooperation|access-date=2015-06-27|publisher=European Union}}</ref> | Implemented the Schengen Agreement | Schengen, LU | {{dts|format=dmy|1990|6|19}} | 26 EU states<ref>{{cite web |url=https://verdragenbank.overheid.nl/en/Treaty/Details/004025.html |title=Convention implementing the Agreement between the Governments of the Member States of the Benelux Economic Union, the Federal Republic of Germany and the French Republic on the gradual abolition of controls at their common borders, signed at Schengen on 14 June 1985 |access-date=2014-10-31 |publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref>{{efn|name=Schengen}} EU non-party: IE, UK{{efn|name=SchengenOptOut}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1993|9|1}} | ''in force'', ''integrated as Union law''{{efn|name=SCENGEN}} |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Arbitration convention | Elimination of double taxation | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1990|7|23}} | All 28 EU states<ref name=ARB/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?DocLanguage=en&id=1995116|title=Convention concerning the accession of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden to the Convention on the elimination of double taxation in connection with the adjustment of profits of associated enterprises|access-date=2018-06-03|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?DocLanguage=en&id=2004119|title=Convention on the accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia, and the Slovak Republic to the Convention on the elimination of double taxation in connection with the adjustment of profits of associated enterprises|access-date=2018-06-03|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> | {{dts|format=dmy|1995|1|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Convention revising the Convention setting up a European University Institute | European University Institute | Florence, IT | {{dts|format=dmy|1992|9|17}} | 25 EU states<ref name=EUIAMDNL/><ref name=EUIAMDTXT/><ref name="A Brief History of the EUI"/> EU non-party: CZ, HU, LT | {{dts|format=dmy|2007|5|1}} | ''in force''{{efn|Amended the Convention setting up a European University Institute of 1992.}} |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Eurovignette Agreement | Vignette | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1994|2|9}} | 3 EU states<ref name=VIGNETTE/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://verdragenbank.overheid.nl/en/Treaty/Details/008091.html|title=Protocol concerning the accession of the Kingdom of Sweden to the Agreement on the levying of charges for the use of certain roads by heavy goods vehicles|access-date=2019-01-16|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref>{{efn|Germany denounced the agreement in 2017, as did Belgium in 2019 and Denmark in 2024.<ref name=VIGNETTE/>}} | {{dts|format=dmy|1996|1|1}} | ''in force''{{efn|Based on Article 8 of the Eurovignette Directive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM%3Al24045b|title=Charging of heavy goods vehicles: Eurovignette Directive|access-date=2019-01-26|publisher=Eur-Lex}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A31993L0089|title=Council Directive 93/89/EEC of 25 October 1993 on the application by Member States of taxes on certain vehicles used for the carriage of goods by road and tolls and charges for the use of certain infrastructures|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|date=1993-11-12|access-date=2019-01-26|volume=L|number=279}}</ref>}} |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Convention on the European Schools | European Schools | Luxemburg, LU | {{dts|format=dmy|1994|6|21}} | All 28 EU states<ref name=1994ST/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://treatydatabase.overheid.nl/en/Verdrag/Details/005451.html|title=Convention defining the Statute of the European Schools|access-date=2019-03-23|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eursc.eu/Documents/2014-01-D-23-en-2.pdf|title=Report of the Secretary-General to the Board of Governors of the European Schools for the year 2013|date=2014-04-08|access-date=2019-03-23|publisher=European Schools|quote=Croatia acceded to the European School Convention as the 28th Member State}}</ref> | {{dts|format=dmy|2002|10|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#fff3f3" | Europol Convention | Europol | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1995|7|26}} | 27 EU states<ref name=EUROPOL/> | {{dts|format=dmy|1998|10|1}} | ''Replaced''{{efn|Replaced by the Europol Decision on 1 January 2010.<ref name=EUROPOLDEC>{{cite journal|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:121:0037:0066:EN:PDF|title=COUNCIL DECISION of 6 April 2009 establishing the European Police Office (Europol)|date=2009-05-15|access-date=2014-11-06|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L|number=121}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/glossary/europol_en.htm|title=Europol (European Police Office)|access-date=2014-11-06|publisher=European Union}}</ref>}} |- style="background:#fff3f3" | PFI Convention | Fraud | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1995|7|26}} | All 28 EU states<ref name=PIF/>{{efn|name=OPTOUT|The United Kingdom subsequently opted out from participating in this convention as of 1 December 2014.<ref name=UKOPTOUT>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1546052949856&uri=CELEX:32014Y1201(03)|title=List of Union acts adopted before the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in the field of police cooperation and judicial cooperation in criminal matters which cease to apply to the United Kingdom as from 1 December 2014 pursuant to Article 10(4), second sentence, of Protocol (No 36) on transitional provisions|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=C|number=430|pages=17|date=2014-12-01|access-date=2019-01-05}}</ref>}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2002|10|17}} | ''Replaced''{{efn|Replaced by the PIF Directive on 6 July 2019 for all member states except Denmark and the United Kingdom.<ref name=PIFDIR>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32017L1371|title=Directive (EU) 2017/1371 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2017 on the fight against fraud to the Union's financial interests by means of criminal law|date=2017-07-28|access-date=2018-05-29|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L|number=198|pages=29}}</ref>}} |- style="background:#fff3f3" | Customs Information System Convention | Customs cooperation | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1995|7|26}} | 27 EU states<ref name=CUST/> | {{dts|format=dmy|2005|12|25}} | ''Replaced''{{efn|Replaced by a Council Decision on 27 May 2011.<ref name=CUSTCD>{{cite journal|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:323:0020:0030:EN:PDF|title=COUNCIL DECISION 2009/917/JHA of 30 November 2009 on the use of information technology for customs purposes|date=2009-12-10|access-date=2015-06-28|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L|number=323|pages=20}}</ref>}} |- style="background:#fff3f3" | Convention relating to extradition | Extradition | Dublin, IE | {{dts|format=dmy|1996|9|27}}<ref name=EXT/> | 21 EU states<ref name=EXT/>{{efn|name=OPTOUT}}{{efn|name=EXTRADITIONEXT|Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland have also ratified agreements to apply the Schengen Acquis, including some of the provisions of this agreement.<ref name=ICENORSCHENGEN/><ref name=ICENORSCHENGENCOUNCIL>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2003.067.01.0025.01.ENG&toc=OJ:L:2003:067:TOC|title=Council Decision 2003/169/JHA of 27 February 2003 determining which provisions of the 1995 Convention on simplified extradition procedure between the Member States of the European Union and of the 1996 Convention relating to extradition between the Member States of the European Union constitute developments of the Schengen acquis in accordance with the Agreement concerning the Republic of Iceland's and the Kingdom of Norway's association with the implementation, application and development of the Schengen acquis|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L 67|date=2003-03-12}}</ref><ref name=SWISCHENGEN/><ref name=LIESCHENGEN/>}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2019|11|5}} | Replaced{{efn|name=EXT|Replaced by the European Arrest Warrant Decision for the territory covered by the EU treaties for all member states on 7 August 2002,<ref name=EAW>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32002F0584|title=2002/584/JHA: Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on the European arrest warrant and the surrender procedures between Member States – Statements made by certain Member States on the adoption of the Framework Decision|date=2002-07-18|access-date=2018-05-25|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L|number=190}}</ref> and by a bilaterial agreement with Iceland and Norway on 1 November 2019.<ref name=NORICEEXT>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2006056&DocLanguage=en|title=Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Iceland and the Kingdom of Norway on the surrender procedure between the Member States of the European Union and Iceland and Norway|access-date=2019-10-14|publisher=European Council}}</ref>}} |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Convention on the fight against corruption | Corruption | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1997|5|26}} | 27 EU states<ref name=COR/>{{efn|name=OPTOUT}} EU non-party: MT | {{dts|format=dmy|2005|9|28}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Naples II Convention | Customs cooperation | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1997|12|18}} | All 28 EU states<ref name=NAP2/> | {{dts|format=dmy|2009|6|23}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters | Cooperation on criminal matters | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|2000|5|29}} | 26 EU states<ref name=CRIMMAT/>{{efn|Iceland and Norway have also ratified an agreement to apply some of the provisions of this agreement.<ref name=CRIMMATICENOR/>}} EU non-parties: HR,{{efn|Accession agreed to as part of Croatia's treaty of accession to the EU, but entry into force is pending a decision of the Council.<ref name=CRIMMATCROAT/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/20191022_com-2019-497-communication_en.pdf|title=COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL on the verification of the full application of the Schengen acquis by Croatia|date=2019-10-22|access-date=2020-06-20|publisher=European Commission|quote=Instead it was assessed that Croatia would fully comply with the Schengen acquis the moment it will become a party to the Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters between the Member States of the European Union of 20 May 2000 and the Additional Protocol thereto. This will be the case once the Council has taken a unanimous decision for determining the date for the entry into force of that Convention and its Protocol.}}</ref>}} GR | {{dts|format=dmy|2005|8|23}} | ''in force''{{efn|Partially replaced by the European Investigation Order on 21 May 2014 for all member states except Denmark and Ireland.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32014L0041|title=Directive 2014/41/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 regarding the European Investigation Order in criminal matters|date=2014-05-01|access-date=2018-06-23|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L|number=130|pages=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=COM%3A2018%3A225%3AFIN|title=Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on European Production and Preservation Orders for electronic evidence in criminal matters|date=2018-04-17|access-date=2018-06-23|publisher=European Commission}}</ref>}} |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | EUCARIS Treaty | EUCARIS | Luxemburg, LU | {{dts|format=dmy|2000|6|26}} | 9 EU states<ref name=EUCARIS>{{cite web|url=https://treatydatabase.overheid.nl/en/Treaty/Details/009308.html|title=Treaty Concerning a European Vehicle and Driving Licence Information System (EUCARIS)|access-date=2024-05-18|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref> | {{dts|format=dmy|2009|5|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | EU SOFA | Status of forces agreement | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|2003|11|17}} | All 28 EU states<ref name=EUSOFA/> | {{dts|format=dmy|2019|4|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Treaty of Strasbourg | Eurocorps | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|2004|11|22}} | 5 EU states<ref name=EUROCORP/> | {{dts|format=dmy|2009|2|26}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Prüm Convention source text | Terrorism | Prüm, DE | {{dts|format=dmy|2005|5|27}}<ref name="FLG"/> | 14 EU states<ref name="FLG"/> | {{dts|format=dmy|2006|11|1}}<ref name="FLG">{{cite web|url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/blob/248566/6e489fe047fda02b289cccb7d809253a/statusliste-en-data.pdf|title=Convention between the Kingdom of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of Austria concerning the intensification of cross-border cooperation, particularly in the fight against terrorism, cross-border crime and illegal migration|publisher=Federal Law Gazette 2006 II p. 626|date=30 January 2012|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref> | ''in force''{{efn|Substance replaced by the Prüm Decisions on 26 August 2008.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32008D0615:EN:NOT|title=Council Decision 2008/615/JHA of 23 June 2008 on the stepping up of cross-border cooperation, particularly in combating terrorism and cross-border crime|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L|number=210|date=6 August 2008|pages=1}}</ref> Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland have also signed agreements to apply some of the provisions of these Decisions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2009002|title=Agreement details|publisher=Council of the European Union|access-date=2012-04-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2019022&DocLanguage=en|title=Agreement details|publisher=Council of the European Union|access-date=2019-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2019021&DocLanguage=en|title=Agreement details|publisher=Council of the European Union|access-date=2019-07-19}}</ref>}} |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Treaty of Velsen | European Gendarmerie Force | Velsen, NL | {{dts|format=dmy|2007|10|18}} | 8 EU states<ref name="EGF"/> | {{dts|format=dmy|2012|6|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2;" | Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union source text | Human rights | Strasbourg, FR | {{dts|format=dmy|2007|12|12}}{{efn|name=Charter|Charter was originally solemnly proclaimed on 7 December 2000 by the European Parliament, the Council of Ministers and the European Commission.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2000104&DocLanguage=en|title=Solemn Proclamation - Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union|publisher=Council of the European Union|access-date=2019-07-19}}</ref> An amended version of the Charter was incorporated into Union Law in 2009 with the Treaty of Lisbon adding an Article to the Treaty on the European Union referencing it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2007132&DocLanguage=en|title=CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION|publisher=Council of the European Union|access-date=2019-07-19}}</ref>}} | 26 EU states EU non-party: PL, UK{{efn|Poland and the United Kingdom have an opt-out from participating in the Charter.}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2009|12|1}} | ''in force'', ''integrated as Union law''{{efn|name=Charter}} |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Convention on centralised customs clearance | Customs clearance | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|2009|3|10}}<ref name=CCCC/> | All 28 EU states<ref name=CCCC/> | {{dts|format=dmy|2019|1|16}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Agreement on the protection of classified information | Classified information | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|2011|5|25}} | All 28 EU states<ref name=EUCI/> | {{dts|format=dmy|2015|12|1}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Treaty Establishing the European Stability Mechanism source text (Amendment<ref name=ESMAmend>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2019035&DocLanguage=en|title=Agreement Amending the Treaty Establishing the European Stability Mechanism (ESM)|access-date=2021-05-02|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref>) | European Stability Mechanism | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|2012|2|2}}<ref name=esmstatus>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2012002|title=European Stability Mechanism details|publisher=Council of the European Union|access-date=31 January 2013}}</ref> | All 20 eurozone states<ref name=esmstatus/> | {{dts|format=dmy|2012|9|27}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.efsf.europa.eu/attachments/esm_entry_into_force.pdf|title=Note Verbale|publisher=General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union|date=27 September 2012|access-date=31 January 2013}}</ref><ref>The treaty entered in force for 16 of the original signatories on 27 September 2012, and for Estonia on 4 October 2012.</ref> | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | European Fiscal Compact source text | Fiscal rules in the eurozone | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|2012|3|2}}<ref name="consilium.europa.eu">{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2012008|title=Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union details|publisher=Council of the European Union|access-date=4 April 2019}}</ref> | 27 EU states<ref name="consilium.europa.eu"/> EU non-party: UK | {{dts|format=dmy|2013|1|1}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ecofin/134543.pdf|title=Fiscal compact enters into force|date=21 December 2012|access-date=31 January 2013|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> | ''in force''{{efn|Title 3 of the Fiscal Compact was incorporated into EU-law as part of the economic governance framework reforms (Regulation (EU) 2024/1263, Council Directive (EU) 2024/1265 and Council Regulation (EU) 2024/1264) as of 4 April 2024.<ref name=TSCGEQLAW>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1263/oj|title=Regulation (EU) 2024/1263 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2024 on the effective coordination of economic policies and on multilateral budgetary surveillance and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1466/97|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|date=2024-04-30|accessdate=2024-05-04|volume=L}}</ref>}} |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Single Resolution Fund Agreement (Amendment<ref name=SRFAmend>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2019050&DocLanguage=en|title=Agreement amending the Agreement on the transfer and mutualisation of contributions to the Single Resolution Fund|access-date=2021-05-02|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref>) | Single Resolution Fund | Brussels, BE | 21 May 2014<ref name=IGASIGN>{{cite web|url=http://www.gr2014.eu/sites/default/files/Member%20states%20sign%20agreement%20on%20bank%20resolution%20fund.pdf|title=Member states sign agreement on bank resolution fund|date=2014-05-21|access-date=2014-05-30|publisher=European Commission}}</ref> | 24 EU states<ref name=SRF>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2014031|title=Agreement details|access-date=2014-05-30|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> (all 20 eurozone states) | {{dts|format=dmy|2016|1|1}}<ref name=SRF/> | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Agreement for the Termination of Bilateral Investment Treaties | Bilateral investment treaty | Brussels, BE | 5 May 2020<ref name=BIT>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2019049&DocLanguage=en|title=Agreement for the Termination of Bilateral Investment Treaties between the Member States of the European Union|access-date=28 October 2023|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> | 23 EU states<ref name=BIT/> EU non-party: AT, FI, IE, SE, UK{{efn|Ireland has no remaining BIT with other EU member states in force, so the agreement is not relevant to it.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-legal-materials/article/abs/agreement-for-the-termination-of-bilateral-investment-treaties-between-the-member-states-of-the-european-union/4B6FAE84B12BA9A950B92B51FCD66310|title=Agreement for the Termination of Bilateral Investment Treaties Between the Member States of the European Union|journal= International Legal Materials|volume=60|issue=1|pages=99–137|date=2021-01-21|accessdate=2024-02-04|publisher=Cambridge University Press|first=Charbel A.|last=Moarbes|doi=10.1017/ilm.2020.65 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BhLeEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA327|title=Rethinking Investor-State Arbitration|first=Flavia|last=Marisi|date=2023|publisher=Springer Publishing|isbn=978-3-031-38184-3 |quote=Ireland has no intra-BIT in place.}}</ref>}} | {{dts|format=dmy|2020|8|29}} | ''in force'' |- style="background:#e2f3e2" | Agreement on a Unified Patent Court source text (Protocols<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2015056&DocLanguage=en|title=Protocol to the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court on provisional application (PPA)|access-date=2021-05-02|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2016047&DocLanguage=en|title=Protocol on Privileges and Immunities (PPI) of the Unified Patent Court (UPC)|access-date=2021-05-02|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref>) | Unified Patent Court | Brussels, BE | 19 February 2013<ref name="RAT2">{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2013001|title=Agreement on a Unified Patent Court|access-date=5 March 2013|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref><ref name="SIGN">{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/intm/135593.pdf|title=Signing of the Unified Patent Court agreement|date=19 February 2013|access-date=19 February 2013|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref> | {{Composition bar|18|25|#9999FF}} Signatories<ref name="RAT2"/> | {{dts|format=dmy|2023|6|1}} | ''in force'' |}

;Signed treaties

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;" |- !colspan=6| Signed treaties |- ! Treaty ! Subject matter ! Signed in ! Signed on ! style="width:100px;"| Ratification (of signatories) ! Status |- | Treaty establishing the European Defence Community | European Defence Community | Paris, FR | 27 May 1952<ref name=EDCFRA/><ref name=EDCEEAS/><ref name=EDCCVCE/> | {{Composition bar|4|6|#9999FF}} | Abandoned |- | Convention on mutual recognition of companies and legal persons (Protocol<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1971002&DocLanguage=en|title=Protocol concerning the interpretation by the Court of Justice of the Convention of 29 February 1968 on the mutual recognition of companies and legal persons|access-date=2021-12-31|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref>) | Recognition of companies and legal persons | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1968|2|29}}<ref name=LEGPERS/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://verdragenbank.overheid.nl/en/Treaty/Details/003289|title=Convention on the Mutual Recognition of Companies and Legal Persons|access-date=2019-01-19|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref> | {{Composition bar|5|6|#9999FF}} | Abandoned{{efn|Concluded following the provisions of Article 220 of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community of 1957 to clarify Articles 52 and 58 of the same treaty on the mutual recognition of companies. Article 220 was deleted by the 2007 Treaty of Lisbon amendments, with the latter two articles being renumbered Articles 49 and 54 in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.}} |- | Community Patent Convention (Protocol<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1989105&DocLanguage=en|title=Protocol on a possible modification of the conditions of entry into force of the Agreement relating to Community Patents|access-date=2021-12-31|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref>) | Patents | Luxembourg, LU | {{dts|format=dmy|1975|12|15}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5uSuCwAAQBAJ|title=The European Marketplace|year=1990|first=James|last=Hogan|publisher=Springer|pages=361|isbn=9781349113446}}</ref> | {{Composition bar|7|9|#9999FF}} | Replaced{{efn|Replaced by the Agreement relating to Community patents of 15 December 1989.<ref name=AGRPAT/>}} |- | Agreement on the Suppression of Terrorism | Terrorism | Dublin, IE | {{dts|format=dmy|1979|12|4}}<ref name=ECST/> | {{Composition bar|5|9|#9999FF}} | Replaced{{efn|Substance replaced by the European Arrest Warrant Decision for the territory covered by the EU treaties for all member states on 7 August 2002.<ref name=EAW/>}} |- | Convention on double jeopardy | Double jeopardy | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1987|5|25}}<ref name=DUBJEP/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://diplomatie.belgium.be/sites/default/files/downloads/VIII-3.pdf|title=CONVENTION ENTRE LES ETATS MEMBRES DES COMMUNAUTES EUROPEENNES, RELATIVE A L'APPLICATION DU PRINCIPE "NE BIS IN IDEM" SIGNEE A BRUXELLES LE 25 MAI 1987|access-date=2018-07-20|publisher=Government of Belgium}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://verdragenbank.overheid.nl/en/Treaty/Details/001096|title=Convention between the Member States of the European Communities on double jeopardy|access-date=2018-07-20|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/treaties/treatyrecord.htm?tid=3337|title=Convention between the Member States of the European Communities on Double Jeopardy|access-date=2018-07-20|publisher=Government of the United Kingdom}}</ref> | {{Composition bar|9|13|#9999FF}} | Replaced{{efn|Substance replaced by the Schengen Convention on 26 March 1995,<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1545834998638&uri=CELEX:42000A0922(02)|title=The Schengen acquis – Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement of 14 June 1985 between the Governments of the States of the Benelux Economic Union, the Federal Republic of Germany and the French Republic on the gradual abolition of checks at their common borders|date=2000-09-22|access-date=2018-12-26|volume=L|number=239|journal=Official Journal of the European Union}}</ref> which applies to all signatories and parties<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32000D0365|title=2000/365/EC: Council Decision of 29 May 2000 concerning the request of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to take part in some of the provisions of the Schengen acquis|date=2000-06-01|access-date=2018-12-26|volume=L|number=131|journal=Official Journal of the European Union}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2002.064.01.0020.01.ENG&toc=OJ:L:2002:064:TOC|title=2002/192/EC: Council Decision of 28 February 2002 concerning Ireland's request to take part in some of the provisions of the Schengen acquis|date=2002-03-07|access-date=2018-12-26|volume=L|number=64|journal=Official Journal of the European Union}}</ref> but is not yet effective in Ireland.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004D0926|title=2004/926/EC: Council Decision of 22 December 2004 on the putting into effect of parts of the Schengen acquis by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|date=2004-12-31|access-date=2018-12-26|volume=L|number=395|pages=70|journal=Official Journal of the European Union}}</ref>}} |- | Convention abolishing the legalization of documents | Legalization of documents | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1987|5|25}}<ref name=LEGALIZATION/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://diplomatie.belgium.be/sites/default/files/downloads/VIII-1.pdf|title=CONVENTION RELATIVE A LA SUPPRESSION DE LA LEGALISATION D'ACTES DANS LES ETATS MEMBRES DES COMMUNAUTES EUROPEENNES, FAITE A BRUXELLES LE 25 MAI 1987.|access-date=2018-12-23|publisher=Government of Belgium}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://verdragenbank.overheid.nl/en/Treaty/Details/001097|title=Convention abolishing the legalisation of documents in the Member States of the European Communities|access-date=2018-12-23|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref> | {{Composition bar|8|14|#9999FF}} | Replaced{{efn|Substance replaced by a Regulation on 16 February 2019.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32016R1191|title=REGULATION (EU) 2016/1191 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 6 July 2016 on promoting the free movement of citizens by simplifying the requirements for presenting certain public documents in the European Union and amending Regulation (EU) No 1024/2012|volume=L|number=200|pages=1|date=2016-07-26|access-date=2018-12-26|journal=Official Journal of the European Union}}</ref>}} |- | Agreement on the application of the Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons | Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1987|5|25}}<ref name=TRANSFER/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://diplomatie.belgium.be/sites/default/files/downloads/viii2.pdf|title=ACCORD RELATIF A L'APPLICATION, ENTRE LES ETATS MEMBRES DES COMMUNAUTES EUROPEENNES, DE LA CONVENTION DU CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE SUR LE TRANSFEREMENT DES PERSONNES CONDAMNEES, FAIT A BRUXELLES LE 25 MAI 1987|access-date=2018-07-21|publisher=Government of Belgium}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://verdragenbank.overheid.nl/en/Treaty/Details/001098.html|title=Agreement on the application among the Member States of the European Communities of the Council of Europe Convention on the transfer of sentences persons|access-date=2018-07-21|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref> | {{Composition bar|6|12|#9999FF}} | Replaced{{efn|Substance replaced by a Council Framework Decision on 5 December 2011.<ref name=JUDGEMENTS/>}} |- | Agreement on the simplification and modernization of extradition requests | Extradition | San Sebastián, ES | {{dts|format=dmy|1989|5|26}}<ref name=EXTTRANS/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://verdragenbank.overheid.nl/en/Treaty/Details/003814.html|title=Agreement between the Member States of the European Communities on the simplification and modernization of the method of transmission of extradition requests|access-date=2018-06-03|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/2596/made/data.xht?view=snippet&wrap=true|title=The European Convention on Extradition Order 1990 (Amendment) Order 1996|access-date=2018-06-03|publisher=Government of the United Kingdom}}</ref> | {{Composition bar|9|13|#9999FF}} | Replaced{{efn|Replaced by the European Arrest Warrant Decision for the territory covered by the EU treaties for all member states on 7 August 2002.<ref name=EAW/>}} |- | Agreement relating to Community patents | Patents | Luxembourg, LU | {{dts|format=dmy|1989|12|15}}<ref name=AGRPATRAT/> | {{Composition bar|7|12|#9999FF}} | Abandoned{{efn|Subject matter covered in the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court of 19 February 2013.}} |- | Maintenance Convention | Child maintenance | Rome, IT | {{dts|format=dmy|1990|11|6}}<ref name=MAIN/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://treatydatabase.overheid.nl/en/Verdrag/Details/004281|title=Convention between the Member States of the European Communities on the simplification of procedures for the recovery of maintenance payments|access-date=2019-01-06|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref> | {{Composition bar|5|12|#9999FF}} | Replaced{{efn|Substance replaced by the Maintenance Regulation, which amended the Brussels Regulation, for all member states except the United Kingdom and Denmark on 18 June 2011.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32009R0004|title=Council Regulation (EC) No 4/2009 of 18 December 2008 on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions and cooperation in matters relating to maintenance obligations|date=2009-01-10|access-date=2018-12-28|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L|number=7|pages=1}}</ref> The United Kingdom subsequently decided to opt-in to the Maintenance Regulation, which was officially finalised on 12 June 2009.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32009D0451|title=COMMISSION DECISION of 8 June 2009 on the intention of the United Kingdom to accept Council Regulation (EC) No 4/2009 on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions and cooperation in matters relating to maintenance obligations|date=2009-06-12|access-date=2018-12-28|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L|number=149|pages=73}}</ref> Denmark, which did not ratify the Maintenance Convention, participates in the Brussels Regulation by way of a bilateral agreement.<ref name=DENBRUS/> It notified the Commission of its acceptance of the amendments to the Brussels Regulation made by the Maintenance Regulation on 14 January 2009,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A22009X0612%2801%29|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L|number=149|pages=80|date=2009-06-12}}</ref> and therefore partially applies the maintenance regulation in so far as it amends the Brussels regulation on jurisdiction.}} |- | Transfer of Criminal Proceedings Agreement | Transfer of criminal proceedings | Rome, IT | {{dts|format=dmy|1990|11|6}}<ref name=TRANSF/> | {{Composition bar|2|9|#9999FF}} | Abandoned{{efn|Substance proposed to be replaced by a Framework Decision in 2009.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A52009IG0912%2801%29|title=Initiative of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Republic of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Republic of Estonia, the Hellenic Republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, Republic of Hungary, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Romania, the Republic of Slovenia, the Slovak Republic and the Kingdom of Sweden for a Council Framework Decision 2009/…/JHA of … on transfer of proceedings in criminal matters|date=2009-09-12|access-date=2019-02-09|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=C|number=219|pages=7}}</ref>}} |- | Convention on the Enforcement of Foreign Criminal Sentences | Criminal sentences | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1991|11|13}}<ref name=FORSEN/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://verdragenbank.overheid.nl/en/Treaty/Details/004852|title=Convention between the Member States of the European Communities on the Enforcement of Foreign Criminal Sentences|access-date=2018-06-03|publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}</ref> | {{Composition bar|5|12|#9999FF}} | Replaced{{efn|Replaced by a Council Framework Decision on 5 December 2011.<ref name=JUDGEMENTS>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.2008.327.01.0027.01.ENG|title=Council Framework Decision 2008/909/JHA of 27 November 2008 on the application of the principle of mutual recognition to judgments in criminal matters imposing custodial sentences or measures involving deprivation of liberty for the purpose of their enforcement in the European Union|date=2008-12-05|access-date=2018-06-03|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L|number=327|pages=27}}</ref>}} |- | Convention on simplified extradition procedure | Extradition | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1995|3|10}}<ref name=SIMPEXT/><ref name=FAC>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=finj7K-oW5gC|title=The European Union's Fight Against Corruption: The Evolving Policy Towards Member States and Candidate Countries|year=2010|first=Patrycja|last=Szarek-Mason|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=108–109|isbn=9780521113571}}</ref> | {{Composition bar|20|21|#9999FF}}{{efn|name=OPTOUT}}{{efn|name=EXTRADITIONEXT|Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland have also ratified agreements to apply the Schengen Acquis, including some of the provisions of this agreement.<ref name=ICENORSCHENGEN/><ref name=ICENORSCHENGENCOUNCIL/><ref name=SWISCHENGEN/><ref name=LIESCHENGEN/>}} | Replaced{{efn|Replaced by the European Arrest Warrant Decision for the territory covered by the EU treaties for all member states on 7 August 2002,<ref name=EAW/> and by a bilaterial agreement with Iceland and Norway on 1 November 2019.<ref name=NORICEEXT/>}} |- | Convention on Insolvency Proceedings | International insolvency | Brussels, BE{{efn|Not signed by the UK}} | {{dts|formt=dmy|1995|11|23}}<ref name=INSOLVCONV>{{cite web|url=http://aei.pitt.edu/2840/1/2840.pdf|title=CONVENTION ON INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS|access-date=2019-01-12}}</ref> | {{Composition bar|0|14|#9999FF}}<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:51999IP0234(01)|title=Resolution on the Convention on Insolvency Proceedings of 23 November 1995|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|year=1999 |volume=C|number=279}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insolvencydirect.bis.gov.uk/technicalmanual/Ch37-48/chapter41/part1/part_1.htm|title=HISTORY AND BACKGROUND TO THE EC REGULATION ON INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS|access-date=2019-01-12|publisher=Government of the United Kingdom}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sMK9Z3y3k6QC&pg=PA241|title=European Cross-border Insolvency Regulation|first=Jona|last=Israël|year=2005|publisher=Intersentia nv |isbn=9789050954983}}</ref> | Replaced{{efn|Substance replaced by the Insolvency Regulation for all member states except Denmark on 31 May 2002.<ref name=ECReg>{{cite journal|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32000R1346|title=Council regulation (EC) No 1346/2000 of 29 May 2000 on insolvency proceedings|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|date=2000-06-30|access-date=2015-06-23|volume=L|number=160}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52000AC0079|title=Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee on the 'Initiative of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Finland with a view to the adoption of a Council Regulation on insolvency proceedings, submitted to the Council on 26 May 1999'|date=2000-03-15|access-date=2019-01-12|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=C|number=75}}</ref>}} |- | Service Convention | Service of documents | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1997|5|26}}<ref name=SERV/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/justice_freedom_security/judicial_cooperation_in_civil_matters/l33042_en.htm|title=Service of documents in civil or commercial matters|date=2007-04-05|access-date=2015-06-28|publisher=European Union}}</ref> | {{Composition bar|1|15|#9999FF}} | Replaced{{efn|Substance replaced by the Service Regulation for all member states except Denmark on 31 May 2001,<ref name=SERVREG>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2000.160.01.0037.01.ENG&toc=OJ:L:2000:160:TOC|title=Council regulation (EC) No 1348/2000 of 29 May 2000 on the service in the Member States of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial matters|date=2000-06-30|access-date=2018-05-27|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L|number=160}}</ref> and by a bilateral agreement with Denmark on 1 July 2007.<ref name=SERVREGDEN>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2005050&DocLanguage=en|title=Agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark on the service of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial matters|access-date=2018-05-31|publisher=Council of the European Union}}</ref>}} |- | Convention on matrimonial matters | Divorce and child custody | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1998|5|28}}<ref name=MAT/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/other/l33082_en.htm|title=Jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters|date=2004-03-23|access-date=2015-06-28|publisher=European Union}}</ref> | {{Composition bar|0|15|#9999FF}} | Replaced{{efn|Substance replaced by the Brussels II Regulation for all member states except Denmark on 1 March 2001.<ref name=BRUSII>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32000R1347|title=Council Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000 of 29 May 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and in matters of parental responsibility for children of both spouses|date=2000-06-30|access-date=2018-05-27|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L|number=160}}</ref>}} |- | Convention on driving disqualifications | Driving disqualifications | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|1998|6|17}}<ref name=DRIVE/> | {{Composition bar|7|19|#9999FF}}{{efn|name=OPTOUT|The United Kingdom subsequently opted out from participating in this convention as of 1 December 2014.<ref name=UKOPTOUT/>}} | Repealed{{efn|Repealed by a Regulation on 22 February 2016.<ref name=DRIVEREP>{{cite journal|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016R0095|title=Regulation (EU) 2016/95 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 January 2016 repealing certain acts in the field of police cooperation and judicial cooperation in criminal matters|date=2016-02-02|access-date=2018-05-27|journal=Official Journal of the European Union|volume=L|number=26|pages=9}}</ref>}} |- | EU claims agreement | Claims for damages during EU crisis management operations | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|2004|4|28}}<ref name=EUCLAIMS/> | {{Composition bar|26|28|#9999FF}} | Under ratification |- | Treaty Establishing the European Stability Mechanism source text | European Stability Mechanism | Brussels, BE | {{dts|format=dmy|2011|7|11}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=2011040 |title=Agreement – Consilium |publisher=Consilium.europa.eu |access-date=2015-05-20}}</ref> | {{Composition bar|0|17|#9999FF}} | Replaced{{efn|Replaced by revised version of the Treaty Establishing the European Stability Mechanism signed on 2 February 2012.<ref name=esmstatus/>}} |}

==See also== * Law of the European Union

== References == === Citations === {{Reflist}}

=== Sources === {{refbegin}} * P. Craig & G. de Búrca, ''EU Law: Text, Cases and Materials'' (4th edn OUP 2008). {{refend}}

== External links == {{Wikisource|Portal:Treaties and declarations of the European Union}} * [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/6/sources-and-scope-of-european-union-law Sources and scope of European Union law | Fact Sheets on the European Union | European Parliament] * [https://bookshop.europa.eu/en/treaty-establishing-a-constitution-for-europe-pbFY6304133/ Constitution of the European Union] * [https://europa.eu/eu-law/treaties/index_en.htm Summary of EU treaties] – Europa * [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/collection/eu-law/treaties.html Full texts of EU treaties] – EUR-Lex (Europa)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Treaties of the European Union}} Category:Treaties of the European Union European Union treaties Category:Uncodified constitutions