{{Short description|State-run Angolan company}} {{Infobox company | name = ENDIAMA E.P. | logo = File:ENDIAMA E.P. logo.svg | type = E.P. ''Empresa Pública'' | location = Rua Major Kanhangulo nº 100 Luanda, Angola | key_people = Dr José Manuel Augusto Ganga Júnior, President | num_employees = | revenue = 1.3 billion euro in 2023 | industry = Mining | predecessor = Diamang | founded = {{Start date and age|1981|01|15}} | products = Diamonds | homepage = http://www.endiama.co.ao/contactos.php }}
'''ENDIAMA E.P.''' (''Empresa Nacional de Diamantes E.P.'') is the state-run national diamond company of Angola. It is the exclusive concessionary of mining rights in the domain of rough diamonds in Angola.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Krawitz |first=Avi |date=2013-06-28 |title=Angola, 100 years later |url=https://www.rubel-menasche.com/en/angola-100-years-later/ |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=Rubel & Ménasché |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814154105/https://www.rubel-menasche.com/en/angola-100-years-later/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
== History == One of the first acts of post-colonial government of the newly independent Angola, led by the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) based in Luanda, was to nationalize the assets of the largely foreign investor-owned Companhia de Diamantes de Angola (Diamang), under the philosophy that the diamonds of the ground were the property of all Angolans. ENDIAMA was created as a state-run company to manage diamond mining in Angola in 1981. Diamang was then formally disbanded in 1988.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=James |first=W. Martin |title=Historical Dictionary of Angola |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2011 |isbn=9780810874589 |edition=2nd |pages=90}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=A peace dividend 20 years in the making: The Angola Case Study – World Diamond Council |url=https://www.worlddiamondcouncil.org/diamond-empowerment-the-angola-case-study/ |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=www.worlddiamondcouncil.org |archive-date=2024-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628233517/https://www.worlddiamondcouncil.org/diamond-empowerment-the-angola-case-study/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The biggest obstacle to operations by the newly minted ENDIAMA was the fact that Angola was embroiled in the Angolan Civil War, and rebel groups such as the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) held much of Angola's valuable mining areas, such as the Kwango River basin, from which they mined diamonds to barter for weapons and military equipment. During this chaotic time, illegal diamond mining is estimated to have been almost four times the quantity produced legally, and UNITA controlled or operated in up to 70% of the country's land area at points before the eventual end of the war in 2002.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />
In October 1994, the National Assembly passed Decree-Law no. 16/94, which aimed to open Angola's mining industry up to foreign investment. ENDIAMA was vested all rights regarding the prospecting, mining, sorting and marketing of rough diamonds in Angola, and was enabled to enter into profit-sharing partnerships with third-parties such as Alrosa of Russia, Odebrecht of Brazil, companies owned by Soviet-born Israeli diamond magnate Lev Leviev such as UK-registered Daumonty Financing and Chinese-registered Lev Leviev International, the international diamond conglomerate De Beers, and diamond traders from Belgium, Israel and the United States.<ref name=":2" />
In 1999, ENDIAMA created a new subsidiary, the Sociedade de Comercialização de Diamantes (SODIAM), to which it gave its marketing rights. SODIAM, in turn, created a rough diamond selling subsidiary of itself called Ascorp, of which it held 51% ownership, in partnership with foreign investors. Ascorp's contract ended in July 2004, reverting its rights to SODIAM.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=História |url=https://www.endiama.co.ao/historia/ |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=Endiama |language=pt-pt |archive-date=2024-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801113358/https://www.endiama.co.ao/historia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
ENDIAMA produced 8.55 million carats of diamonds in 2010<ref>[http://www.diamondintelligence.com/magazine/magazine.aspx?id=9399 DIB Online: Endiama produced 8,55 million carats in 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721031737/http://www.diamondintelligence.com/magazine/magazine.aspx?id=9399|date=2011-07-21}} March 22, 2011</ref> and 8.75 million in 2022, following disruptions from the global COVID-19 pandemic and sanctions against its Russian business partner, Alrosa, resulting from the Russian invasion of Ukraine. However, the company expects to produce 14.5 million carats in 2024<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last= |date=2023-02-08 |title=Angola seeks dual listing for diamond miner Endiama, to sell 5-10% stake first |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/angola-seeks-dual-listing-diamond-miner-endiama-sell-5-10-stake-first-2023-02-07/ |url-status=live |access-date=2024-07-30 |work=Reuters |archive-date=2023-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323223147/https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/angola-seeks-dual-listing-diamond-miner-endiama-sell-5-10-stake-first-2023-02-07/ }}</ref> with an eventual goal of 20 million by 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapaport Magazine - A New Dawn for Angola |url=http://www.diamonds.net/Magazine/Article.aspx?ArticleID=68187&RDRIssueID=220&ArticleTitle=A+New+Dawn+for+Angola |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=www.diamonds.net |archive-date=2024-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730131629/https://www.diamonds.net/Magazine/Article.aspx?ArticleID=68187&RDRIssueID=220&ArticleTitle=A%20New%20Dawn%20for%20Angola |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-18 |title=Angolana Endiama arrecadou 1,3 mil M€ com a produção de diamantes em 2023 |url=https://www.forbespt.com/angolana-endiama-arrecadou-13-mil-me-com-a-producao-de-diamantes-em-2023/ |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=Forbes Portugal |language=pt-PT |archive-date=2024-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801113357/https://www.forbespt.com/angolana-endiama-arrecadou-13-mil-me-com-a-producao-de-diamantes-em-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2023, Diamantino Azevedo, Minister of Mineral Resources, Oil and Gas, announced that as part of the reform plan of President João Lourenço, ENDIAMA and oil-giant Sonangol would potentially both seek dual listings on local and foreign stock markets, starting with "maybe with five or ten percent" with an eventual goal of 30% private ownership.<ref name=":3" /> ENDIAMA had a revenue equaling 1.3 billion euro that year.<ref name=":6" />
==Operations== ENDIAMA's primary property is the Sociedade Mineira de Catoca, which is a joint venture between ENDIAMA, Alrosa, and Odebrecht. Catoca is the seventh largest diamond mine in the world, and is estimated to produce over 7 million carats of diamonds in 2014 worth just under $1 billion.<ref>[http://www.mining.com/web/the-state-of-global-rough-diamond-supply-2014/ Mining.com: The state of global rough diamond supply 2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325222953/http://www.mining.com/web/the-state-of-global-rough-diamond-supply-2014/ |date=2014-03-25 }} March 13, 2014</ref>
=== Subsidiaries === *Sociedade de Comercialização de Diamantes de Angola (SODIAM) ''diamond purchasing; diamond sales; diamond trade management; company works to combat illegal diamond trade<ref name=":4" />'' *ENDIAMA China International Holdings Ltd, ''a joint venture with Hong Kong-based China International Fund Ltd''<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oshiafi |first=Josephine |date=August 25, 2017 |title=Hong Kong's Role in Sino-African Trade Relations: A Tripartite Coalition |url=https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1054&context=international_immersion_program_papers |journal=University of Chicago International Program Papers |via=Chicago Unbound}}</ref> *ENDIAMA Prospecção & Produção/ENDIAMA P & P, ''diamond prospecting and mining<ref name=":4" />'' *Fundação Brilhante/FB, ''social programs; cultural programs<ref name=":4" />''<ref name=":5" /> *Clínica Sagrada Esperança/CSE, ''an 80-bed hospital in Luanda; medical specialties represented include cardiology, neurosurgery, neurology, gynecology, obstetrics, etc etc''<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Horas |first=Angola 24 |title=Endiama vai privatizar Hotel Diamante e Enditrade - Angola24Horas - Portal de Noticias Online |url=https://angola24horas.com/economia/item/15728-endiama-vai-privatizar-hotel-diamante-e-enditrade |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=angola24horas.com |language=pt-br |archive-date=2024-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801114859/https://angola24horas.com/economia/item/15728-endiama-vai-privatizar-hotel-diamante-e-enditrade |url-status=live }}</ref> *Air Diamantes Angola/ADA - ''company aviation''<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> *Grupo Desportivo Sagrada Esperança/GDSE - ''"Sagrada Esperança", a major league football club in Dondo.<ref name=":4" />'' *Alfa 5, ''a private security company which it is currently trying to sell''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-30 |title=ANGOLA : Endiama struggles to find a suitor for its private security subsidiary Alfa-5 - 04/03/2021 |url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/southern-africa-and-islands/2021/03/04/endiama-struggles-to-find-a-suitor-for-its-private-security-subsidiary-alfa-5,109647860-art |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=Africa Intelligence |language=en |archive-date=2024-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730094054/https://www.africaintelligence.com/southern-africa-and-islands/2021/03/04/endiama-struggles-to-find-a-suitor-for-its-private-security-subsidiary-alfa-5,109647860-art |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Former Subsidiaries ====
* Sociedade Enditrade; ''logistics and transport; privatized in 2020''<ref name=":7" /> * Hotel Diamante Luanda; ''privatized in 2020, though still listed as part of ENDIAMA Group on its website''<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.hoteldiamante.co.ao/ |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=HOTEL DIAMANTE |language=pt-BR |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814154113/https://www.hoteldiamante.co.ao/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Mining operations === Endiama has stake in the following '''mining operations''', each of which is a company in its own right:
* Sociedade de Desenvolvimento Mineiro de Angola (SDM)'', 50% ownership in association with Odebrecht in Brasil.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Construtora Norberto Odebrecht (CNO) - AGE (African Growing Enterprises) File |url=https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Data/Africa_file/Company/angola05.html |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=Institute of Developing Economies |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801113358/https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Data/Africa_file/Company/angola05.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * Sociedade Mineira do Calonda, 50%<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mining Projects |url=https://www.endiama.co.ao/en/mining-activities/mining-projects/ |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=Endiama |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814154118/https://www.endiama.co.ao/en/mining-activities/mining-projects/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * Sociedade Mineira de Catoca, 41%<ref name=":0" /> * Sociedade Mineira do Chissema, 10%<ref name=":0" /> * Sociedade Mineira do Chitotolo, 35%. ''Located in Cambulo, Lunda Norte; besides mining, Chitololo is involved in education via its Projecto Educar'' * Sociedade Mineira do Cuango, 41%<ref name=":0" /> * Sociedade Mineira do Furi, 20%<ref name=":0" /> * Sociedade Mineira de Kaixepa, 25%<ref name=":0" /> * Sociedade Mineira de Luachimo, 25%<ref name=":0" /> * Sociedade Mineira do Luele, 44.5%<ref>{{Cite web |title=Participação societária – Sociedade Mineira do Luele |url=https://luele.co.ao/participacao-societaria/ |access-date=2024-07-30 |language=pt-AO |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814154124/https://luele.co.ao/participacao-societaria/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * Sociedade Mineira do Lulo, 32%<ref name=":0" /> * Sociedade Mineira Lunhinga, 30%,<ref name=":0" /> ''formerly the Sociedade Mineira do Camatchia-Camagico, shared with Comica of Angola, Southern Era Resources of Canada, and Minex of Israel<ref>{{Cite book |last=James |first=W. Martin |title=Historical Dictionary of Angola |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2011 |isbn=9780810874589 |edition=2nd |pages=49}}</ref> until SMCC's mining contract was revoked in 2019 and the Luó mine was reorganized by an Endiama management committee.''<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=grxnet.com |title=Jornal de Angola - Notícias - Camatchia impedida de explorar diamantes |url=https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/ao/noticias/detalhes.php?id=429867 |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=Jornal de Angola |language=pt |archive-date=2024-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801120404/https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/ao/noticias/detalhes.php?id=429867 |url-status=live }}</ref> * Sociedade Mineira da Luminas, 47%<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morais |first=Rafael Marques de |date=2014-11-03 |title=K&P Tortura Garimpeiros no Cuango |url=https://www.makaangola.org/2014/11/kp-tortura-garimpeiros-no-cuango/ |access-date=2024-07-30 |language=pt-PT |archive-date=2024-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726232828/https://www.makaangola.org/2014/11/kp-tortura-garimpeiros-no-cuango/ |url-status=live }}</ref>''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Participações |url=https://www.endiama.co.ao/actividades-mineiras/participacoes/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Endiama |language=pt-pt |archive-date=2024-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726224202/https://www.endiama.co.ao/actividades-mineiras/participacoes/ |url-status=live }}</ref>'' * Sociedade Mineira do Mucuanza, 33%<ref name=":0" /> * Sociedade Mineira Somiluana, 33%<ref name=":0" /> * Sociedade Mineira do Tchiege, 25%<ref name=":0" /> * Sociedade Mineira Uari<ref name=":0" /> * Sociedade Mineira Yetwene/SMY<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-25 |title=Lunda-Norte: Arranca na próxima quinta-feira a exploração de diamantes no "Projecto Yetwene" |url=https://novojornal.co.ao/economia/interior/lunda-norte-arranca-na-proxima-quinta-feira-a-exploracao-de-diamantes-no-projecto-yetwene-112909.html |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=Novo Jornal |language=pt |archive-date=2024-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728060516/https://novojornal.co.ao/economia/interior/lunda-norte-arranca-na-proxima-quinta-feira-a-exploracao-de-diamantes-no-projecto-yetwene-112909.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''50% owned'' * Projecto Fucaúma/Fucauma diamond mine, ''40% owned in association with Trans Hex and others'';<ref name="emb">{{Cite web |date=October 2002 |title=New Diamond Mining Contracts Signed |url=http://www.angola.org.uk/newsletter85.htm |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226212512/http://www.angola.org.uk/newsletter85.htm |archivedate=2008-02-26 |accessdate=2008-04-29 |work=Newsletter No. 85 |publisher=Embassy of Angola UK: Press Office}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-18 |title=Angola: Antigos trabalhadores da Endiama ainda em conflito com a empresa de diamantes |url=https://www.voaportugues.com/a/antigos-trabalhadores-da-endiama-ainda-em-conflicto-com-a-empresa-/6402045.html |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=Voice of America |language=pt |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814154133/https://www.voaportugues.com/a/antigos-trabalhadores-da-endiama-ainda-em-conflicto-com-a-empresa-/6402045.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * Projecto Luarica/Luarica diamond mine, ''38% owned in association with Transhex, Micol and others''<ref name=":8" />''<ref name="emb" />''<ref name=":9" /> * Luele Diamond Mine, ''25% owned''. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Investidores |url=https://www.luele.co.ao/investidores/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250605003930/https://www.luele.co.ao/investidores/ |archive-date=2025-06-05 |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=Luele |language=pt-AO}}</ref>
==See also== * Conflict diamond * Diamonds as an investment * Mining industry of Angola
== References == <references/>
==External links== *[http://www.endiama.co.ao/default.php {{in lang|pt|en}} ENDIAMA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219152843/http://www.endiama.co.ao/default.php |date=2016-12-19 }} {{ENDIAMA}}
Category:Companies based in Luanda Category:Diamond industry in Angola Category:Economy of Angola Category:Diamond mining companies Category:Government-owned companies of Angola Category:Mining companies of Angola Category:Government-owned mining companies