Eiwa — Mediated Wiki

{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (1375–1379)}} {{History of Japan|Shoso-in.jpg| Image explanation = Shōsōin}} {{nihongo|'''Eiwa'''|永和|}} was a Japanese era name (年号, ''nengō'', lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Ōan and before Kōryaku. This period spanned the years from February 1375<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Eiwa''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA173 ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 173]; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref> through March 1379.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Kōryaku''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA562 ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 562]; n.b., Nussbaum identifies Eiwa's end in March 1378 and Kōryaku's beginning a year later in March 1379.</ref> The emperor in Kyoto was {{nihongo|Emperor Go-En'yū|後円融天皇|''Go-En'yū-tennō''}}<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP310 ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', pp. 310-313.]</ref> The Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time-frame was {{nihongo|Emperor Chōkei|長慶天皇| ''Chōkei-tennō''}}.

==Nanboku-chō overview== [[Image:Nanbokucho-capitals.svg|thumb|140px|The Imperial seats during the ''Nanboku-chō'' period were in relatively close proximity, but geographically distinct. They were conventionally identified as: {{unordered list|Northern capital : Kyoto |Southern capital : Yoshino.}}]] During the Meiji period, an Imperial decree dated March 3, 1911 established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the direct descendants of Emperor Go-Daigo through Emperor Go-Murakami, whose {{nihongo|Southern Court|南朝|''nanchō''}} had been established in exile in Yoshino, near Nara.<ref name="concise">Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Re4djF3oaTMC&dq=1911+texbook+controversy&pg=RA1-PA199 ''Reconfiguring modernity: concepts of nature in Japanese political ideology'', p. 199 n57], citing Mehl, Margaret. (1997). ''History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japan.'' p. 140-147.</ref>

Until the end of the Edo period, the militarily superior pretender-Emperors supported by the Ashikaga shogunate had been mistakenly incorporated in Imperial chronologies despite the undisputed fact that the Imperial Regalia were not in their possession.<ref name="concise"/>

This illegitimate {{nihongo|Northern Court|北朝|''hokuchō''}} had been established in Kyoto by Ashikaga Takauji.<ref name="concise"/>

==Change of era== * '''1375''', also called {{nihongo|''Eiwa gannen''|永和元年}}: The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Ōan'' 8.

In this time frame, Tenju (1375–1381) was the Southern Court equivalent ''nengō.''<ref name="t312">Titsingh, p. 312.</ref>

==Events of the Eiwa era== * '''1375''' (''Eiwa 1, 3rd month''): Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu visits the Iwashimizu Hachiman-gū where he worships publicly; and he offers a sword for the shrine's treasury, gold foil for the embellishment of the shrine, and racehorses for the shrine's stable.<ref name="t312"/> * '''1375''' (''Eiwa 2, 4th month''): For the first time, Shōgun Yoshimitsu is permitted to enter the precincts of the Imperial quarters at the Imperial palace in Kyoto.<ref name="t312"/> * '''1377''' -- Goryeo (Korea) diplomatic envoy Chŏng Mong-ju met with the {{nihongo|shogunal deputy|探題|''tandai''}} in Kyūshū, Imagawa Ryōshun. The objective of this diplomatic mission was to begin negotiating steps to control pirates (''wakō'').<ref>Titsingh, p. 313; Kang, Jae-eun ''et al.'' (2006). ''The Land of Scholars : Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism'', p. 159.</ref> * '''1378''' (''Eiwa 4, 3rd month''): Yoshimitsu moves into his new home in Muromachi;<ref>Titsingh, p. 313.</ref> and the luxurious house and grounds are called ''Hana-no-Gosho''<ref name="a329">Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) ''Lessons from History: The "Tokushi Yoron"'', p. 329.</ref>

==Notes== {{Reflist}}

==References== * Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) ''Lessons from History: The Tokushi Yoron.'' Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. {{ISBN|978-0-7022-1485-1}} * Kang, Jae-eun and Suzanne Lee. (2006). ''The Land of Scholars : Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism.'' Paramus, New Jersey: Homa & Sekey Books. {{ISBN|978-1-931907-37-8}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60931394?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 60931394] * Mehl, Margaret. (1997). ''History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japan.'' New York: St Martin's Press. {{ISBN|978-0-312-21160-8}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/419870136?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 419870136] * Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge: Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301] * Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001). ''Reconfiguring Modernity: Concepts of Nature in Japanese Political Ideology.'' Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-22854-2}}; {{OCLC|47916285}} * Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Nihon Odai Ichiran''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.''] Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]

==External links== * National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

{{s-start}} {{succession box |before=Ōan |title=Era or ''nengō'' Eiwa |years=1375–1379 |after=Kōryaku }} {{s-end}}

Category:Japanese eras Category:1370s in Japan Category:14th-century neologisms