E993 series

{{Short description|Japanese experimental train type}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}} {{Infobox train | name = E993 series | image = Jreast e993.jpg | imagesize = 300px | caption = E993 series train on test, June 2004 | service = 2002–2006 | manufacturer = [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries]], [[Tokyu Car Corporation]] | factory = | family = | replaced = | yearconstruction = 2002 | yearservice = | refurbishment = | yearscrapped = 2006 | numberconstruction = | numberbuilt = 5 vehicles (1 set) | numberservice = | numberpreserved = | numberscrapped = | formation = 5 cars per set | fleetnumbers = | capacity = Non-passenger | operator = {{ric|JR East|name=y}} | depots = Kawagoe | lines = | carbody = Stainless steel | carlength = {{Plainlist| * {{Convert|16050|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} (end cars) * {{Convert|13000|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} (intermediate cars) }} | width = {{Convert|3000|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} | height = {{Convert|3640|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} | floorheight = {{Convert|1150|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} | doors = 3 pairs per side<br /> 2 pairs per side (SaHa E993) | maxspeed = {{Convert|120|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}} | weight = | acceleration = | deceleration = | traction = | poweroutput = {{cvt|200|kW}} × 2 per motor car | transmission = | aux = | powersupply = | hvac = | electricsystem = {{1,500 V DC}} ([[overhead catenary]]) | collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (transport)|Pantograph]] | bogies = | brakes = | safety = ATC, ATS-P, ATS-SN | coupling = | multipleworking = | gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}} }} The {{Nihongo|'''E993 series'''|E993系}} "AC Train" was an experimental 5-car [[electric multiple unit]] (EMU) train operated by [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) in Japan between 2002 and 2006.<ref name="neko2005">{{cite book | title = JR全車輌ハンドブック2005 |trans-title=JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2005| publisher = Neko Publishing | date = August 2005 | location = Japan | page = 374| isbn = 978-4-7770-0382-2}}</ref><ref name="prototype2005">{{cite book | title =プロトタイプの世界 - Prototype World | publisher = Kōtsū Shimbunsha | date = December 2005 | location = Japan | pages = 76–79}}</ref>

==Concept== The E993 series "AC Train" ("Advanced Commuter Train") was developed by JR East to test and evaluate a number of new technologies and features for possible use in future commuter train designs.<ref name="neko2005"/> These included features intended to reduce life-cycle costs, improve the interior passenger environment, improve accessibility, and increase environmental friendliness.<ref name="prototype2005"/>

==Technological features== The train incorporated the following features for evaluation.<ref name="prototype2005"/> * [[Articulated vehicle|Articulated cars]] with shared [[bogie]]s * [[Direct drive mechanism|Direct drive motors]] (DDM) * Double-skin body construction * Externally slung sliding doors * Advanced Train Information Management System (AIMS)

==Formation== The 5-car articulated set was based at Kawagoe Depot on the [[Kawagoe Line]] and formed as shown below, with car 1 at the Kawagoe end, and car 5 at the Shinjuku end.<ref name="jrr2005">{{cite book |title = JR電車編成表 '05冬号 |trans-title=JR EMU Formations - Winter 2005| publisher = JRR | date = January 2005 | location = Japan | page = 66| isbn = 978-4-88283-042-9}}</ref> Cars 1 and 2 were built by [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries]] in Kobe, and cars 3 to 5 were built by [[Tokyu Car Corporation]] in Yokohama.<ref name="prototype2005"/>

{| class="wikitable" |- ! Car No. !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 |- ! Designation | Tc'|| M' || M || T || Tc |- ! Numbering | KuHa E992-1 || MoHa E992-1 || MoHa E993-1 || SaHa E993-1 || KuHa E993-1 |}

Cars 2 and 4 were each fitted with one single-arm pantograph.<ref name="jrr2005"/>

Cars 1 and 2 had double-skin aluminium bodies, cars 3 to 5 had stainless steel bodies with double-skin construction used for cars 3 and 5.<ref name="prototype2005"/>

==History== [[File:JRE EF 81-95 and E993 for scrapping.jpg|thumb|The E993 series train being hauled to Koriyama Works for scrapping, July 2006]] The train was delivered to JR East's Kawagoe Depot on 17 January 2002.<ref name="prototype2005"/> Test running commenced on the [[Kawagoe Line]] and [[Saikyo Line]] the following month.<ref name="prototype2005"/>

The train was officially withdrawn on 14 July 2006.<ref name="railfan555">{{cite journal| title = JRグループ車両のデータバンク2006/2007|trans-title=JR Group Databank 2006/2007 | journal = [[Japan Railfan Magazine]] | volume = 47| issue = 555| page =37| date = July 2007}}</ref> No cars are preserved.

Features tested on the E993 series, including articulated cars and direct drive motors, were subsequently incorporated in the [[E331 series]] prototype train delivered in 2006.

==References== {{Commons category|JR East E993|E993 series}} {{reflist}}

[[Category:Electric multiple units of Japan]] [[Category:East Japan Railway Company]] [[Category:Train-related introductions in 2002]] [[Category:Articulated passenger trains]] [[Category:Gearless electric drive]] [[Category:Experimental vehicles]] [[Category:Non-passenger multiple units]] [[Category:1500 V DC multiple units of Japan]] [[Category:Kawasaki multiple units]] [[Category:Tokyu Car multiple units]] [[Category:Scrapped EMUs]]