{{Short description|Japanese electric multiple unit train type}} {{Redirect|E351|the food additive ''E 351''|Potassium malate}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} {{Infobox train | name = E351 series | image = E351 Super Azusa 20100119.jpg | imagealt = E351 series image | imagesize = 300px | caption = An E351 series EMU on a ''Super Azusa'' service in January 2010 | service = December 1993 – April 2018 | manufacturer = [[Hitachi]] and [[Nippon Sharyo]] | factory = | family = | replaced = [[183 series]] | successor = [[E353 series]] | yearconstruction = 1993-1996 | yearservice = 23 December 1993 | refurbishment = | yearscrapped = 2017–2018 | numberconstruction = | numberbuilt = 60 vehicles (10 sets) | numberservice = None | numberpreserved = None | numberscrapped = 60 vehicles (10 sets) | formation = 4/8 cars per trainset | fleetnumbers = S1–S5, S21–S25 | capacity = | operator = {{ric|JR East|name=y}} | depots = Matsumoto | lines = [[Chuo Main Line]] | carbody = Steel | trainlength = | carlength = {{Convert|20700|-|21680|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} | width = {{Convert|2843|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} | height = | floorheight = | platformheight = | entrylevelorstep = | doors = 2 per side | maxspeed = {{Convert|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} | weight = | axleload = | acceleration = | deceleration = | traction = [[Variable-frequency drive|Variable frequency]] ([[Gate turn-off thyristor|GTO]], [[Insulated-gate bipolar transistor|IGBT]]) | poweroutput = 3,600 kW per 12-car formation | aux = | powersupply = | hvac = | electricsystem = 1,500 V DC overhead | collectionmethod = PS31 single-arm pantograph | bogies = DT62A (motored), TR247 (trailer) | brakes = [[Regenerative brake]], [[electronically controlled pneumatic brakes]], snow-resistant brake | safety = [[Automatic Train Stop|ATS]]-P, ATS-Ps | coupling = | multipleworking = | gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}} }}
The {{Nihongo|'''E351 series'''|E351系}} was a [[Tilting train|tilting]] [[electric multiple unit]] (EMU) train type operated by [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) on [[Chuo Main Line]] ''[[Azusa (train)|Super Azusa]]'' [[limited express]] services in Japan from 1993 to 2018. First introduced in December 1993 (initially on ''Azusa'' services), a total of 60 vehicles were built, formed as five eight-car main sets (numbers S1 to S5) and five four-car supplementary (numbers S21 to S25) sets.
==Concept== Built jointly by [[Hitachi]] and [[Nippon Sharyo]],<ref name="dj359">{{cite magazine| last = Saka| first = Masahiro| title = JR第1世代の車両・現況と概要|trans-title=JR 1st-generation rolling stock: Current situation and overview|magazine=Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine | volume = 43| issue = 359| page =22| publisher = Kotsu Shimbun | location = Japan |language= ja| date = March 2014}}</ref> the tilting E351 series trains were intended to replace the aging [[183 series]] EMUs used on ''[[Azusa (train)|Azusa]]'' [[Limited express]] services operating between {{STN|Shinjuku|x}} in Tokyo and Matsumoto, and to increase speeds on the highly curved [[Chūō Main Line]].<ref name="neko2009">{{cite book | script-title=ja: JR全車輌ハンドブック2009 |trans-title=JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2009| publisher = Neko Publishing | year = 2009 | location = Japan | pages = 159–162| isbn = 978-4-7770-0836-0|title=Jēāru zensharyō handobukku: Rail Magazine 2009}}</ref>
==Operations== At the time of withdrawal in 2018, the E351 series trains were used on the following services: * ''[[Azusa (train)|Super Azusa]]'' limited express services (3 December 1994 – 16 March 2018) – through service to the [[Ōito Line|Oito Line]] withdrawn 12 March 2010<ref name="jrr2012" /> * ''[[Chūō Liner]]'' rapid services (15 March 2008 – 16 March 2018) – Commuter services on the Chuo Main Line Other services previously operated by the series include: * ''[[Azusa (train)|Azusa]]'' limited express services (23 December 1993 – 2 December 1994) * ''[[Shōnan Liner|Ohayo Liner Shinjuku]]'' / ''[[Shōnan Liner|Home Liner Odawara]]'' rapid services (16 March 1996 – 14 March 2008) – Commuter services on the [[Tokaido Main Line]]<ref name="jrr2012" />
==Formations== [[File:Jreast e351door.jpg|thumb|An eight-car set with gangwayed cab car leading in January 2007]] [[File:JREast-E351-Coupling.JPG|thumb|Coupled gangwayed ends at Shinjuku Station in March 2007]] The fleet consisted of five four-car sets (S21–S25) and five eight-car sets (S1–S5), formed as shown below, with car 1 (car 5) at the Shinjuku or Tokyo end.<ref name="neko2009"/><ref name="jrr2012">{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR電車編成表 2012冬 |trans-title=JR EMU Formations – Winter 2012| publisher = Kotsu Shimbunsha| date = October 2011 | location = Japan | page = 102| isbn = 978-4-330-25611-5}}</ref>
===4-car sets S21–S22=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Car No. !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 |- ! Designation | Tc' || M1 || M2 || Tc' |- ! Numbering | KuHa E351-1100 || MoHa E351-1000 || MoHa E350-1000 || KuHa E351-1200 |- ! Seating capacity | 60 || 52 || 68 || 52 |- ! Weight (t) | 36.9 || 39.7 || 39.8 || 38.2 |} * Car 4 had a retracting gangway. * Car 2 was fitted with a PS31 single-arm pantograph. * Cars 2 and 4 were fitted with toilets.
===4-car sets S23–S25=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Car No. !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 |- ! Designation | Tc || M1 || M2 || Tc' |- ! Numbering | KuHa E351-0 || MoHa E351-0 || MoHa E350-0 || KuHa E350-100 |- ! Seating capacity | 60 || 52 || 68 || 52 |- ! Weight (t) | 38.3 || 38.3 || 37.9 || 36.3 |} * Car 4 had a retracting gangway. * Car 2 was fitted with a PS31 single-arm pantograph. * Cars 2 and 4 were fitted with toilets.
===8-car sets S1–S2=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Car No. !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! style="background: #E6FFE6" | 9 !! 10 !! 11 !! 12 |- ! Designation | Tc || M1 || M2 || T || style="background: #F5FFF5" | Ts || M1 || M2 || Tc |- ! Numbering | KuHa E351-1300 || MoHa E351-1000 || MoHa E350-1100 || SaHa E351-1000 || style="background: #F5FFF5" | SaRo E351-1000 || MoHa E351-1100 || MoHa E350-1000 || KuHa E351-1000 |- ! Seating capacity | 60 || 60 || 64 || 64 || style="background: #F5FFF5" | 50 || 55 || 68 || 52 |- ! Weight (t) | 37.2 || 39.7 || 40.5 || 33.9 || style="background: #F5FFF5" | 32.7 || 39.9 || 39.8 || 37.6 |} * Car 5 had a retracting gangway. * Cars 6 and 10 were each fitted with a PS31 single-arm pantograph. * Cars 6, 8, 10, and 12 were fitted with toilets.
===8-car sets S3–S5=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Car No. !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! style="background: #E6FFE6" | 9 !! 10 !! 11 !! 12 |- ! Designation | Tc || M1 || M2 || T || style="background: #F5FFF5" | Ts || M1 || M2 || Tc' |- ! Numbering | KuHa E351-100 || MoHa E351-0 || MoHa E350-100 || SaHa E351-0 || style="background: #F5FFF5" | SaRo E351-0 || MoHa E351-100 || MoHa E350-0 || KuHa E350-0 |- ! Seating capacity | 60 || 60 || 64 || 64 || style="background: #F5FFF5" | 50 || 55 || 68 || 52 |- ! Weight (t) | 38.9 || 38.3 || 38.4 || 32.0 || style="background: #F5FFF5" | 32.0 || 38.9 || 37.9 || 35.2 |} * Car 5 had a retracting [[Corridor connection|gangway]]. * Cars 6 and 10 were each fitted with a PS31 single-arm pantograph. * Cars 6, 8, 10, and 12 were fitted with toilets.
===Original set formations=== When first delivered, the two pairs of sets were numbered and formed as shown below, with car 1 at the Shinjuku end.<ref name="neko1995">{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR全車輛ハンドブック1995 |trans-title=JR Rolling Stock Handbook 1995| publisher = Neko Publishing | year = 1995 | location = Japan | pages = 148–149}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" |- ! Car No. !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! style="background: #E6FFE6" | 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! !! 9 !! 10 !! 11 !! 12 |- ! Numbering | KuHa E351-100 || MoHa E351 || MoHa E350 || SaHa E351 || style="background: #F5FFF5" | SaRo E351 || MoHa E351-100 || MoHa E351 || KuHa E351-200 || || KuHa E351-300 || MoHa E351 || MoHa E350 || KuHa E351 |}
==Interior== Both standard class and Green (first) class seating were arranged 2+2 abreast.<ref name="neko2009"/>
E351 series trains were made entirely no-smoking on 18 March 2007.<ref name="jrr2012" />
<gallery> File:Inside of JR E351.JPG|Green car interior File:Green Car seat of JR E351 20071102.jpg|Green car seating File:Seat of JR E351.JPG|Standard-class seating </gallery>
==History== ===Introduction=== Two pairs of first-batch sets (S1+S21 and S2+S22) were delivered in 1993,<ref name="neko2009"/> and were introduced on ''Azusa'' services from 23 December 1993.<ref name="kousai1997">{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR特急10年の歩み|trans-title=10 Years of JR Limited Express Trains | publisher = Kousai Shuppansha | date = May 1997 | location = Japan |pages=88, 103, 130| isbn = 978-4-330-45697-3}}</ref>
===''Super Azusa'' introduction=== From the start of the revised timetable on 3 December 1994, four return ''Azusa'' workings were upgraded and rebranded as ''Super Azusa'', operating between Shinjuku and Matsumoto or Minami-Otari using E351 series equipment.<ref name="kousai1997"/>
===2nd batch=== Three pairs of second-batch sets were delivered in 1995,<ref name="neko2009"/> and the first two pairs of sets (S1+S21 and S2+S22) were modified to bring them up to production specifications at JR East's Nagano Workshop and [[Nippon Sharyo]], respectively, in March 1996.<ref name="jrr2012"/> Modifications included replacing the original PS26C lozenge-type pantographs with PS31 single-arm pantographs, and renumbering the cars in the -1000 series.<ref name="neko2009"/> From the start of the revised timetable on 16 March 1996, the number of ''Super Azusa'' services using E351 series equipment was increased from four return trips daily to eight return trips.<ref name="kousai1997"/>
===1997 Ōtsuki Station collision=== On 12 October 1997, the down ''Super Azusa 13'' service from Shinjuku to Matsumoto (formed of sets S3+S23) was involved in a collision with a [[201 series]] local train that had overrun a red signal while passing through [[Ōtsuki Station]]. Several cars were derailed and one car overturned. Five cars of set S3 were ultimately cut up on site, and replacement car bodies ordered from Hitachi. The rebuilt vehicles retained their original running numbers.
=== Withdrawal === The replacement of the E351 series trains by new [[E353 series]] EMUs began on 23 December 2017, with the entire fleet phased out from regular passenger services on 16 March 2018.<ref name="sankei20171029">{{cite web |url= http://www.sankei.com/photo/story/news/171029/sty1710290001-n1.html |script-title=ja: 来年３月に現行車両「Ｅ３５１系」引退 スーパーあずさ、新型に |trans-title= E351 series to be retired by next spring with new trains for "Super Azusa" services |date= 29 October 2017 |work= Sankei Photo |publisher= The Sankei Shimbun & Sankei Digital |location= Japan|language= ja|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171122024916/http://www.sankei.com/photo/story/news/171029/sty1710290001-n1.html |archive-date= 22 November 2017 |url-status=live |access-date= 22 November 2017}}</ref>
A special final run service was held on 7 April 2018 to commemorate the E351 series sets' retirement, after which the sets were officially withdrawn.<ref name="finalrunpdf">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/nagano/pdf/180222-01.pdf |script-title=ja: "ありがとうE351系旅行商品及び記念入場券の発売について" |trans-title= Products and admission fees for the "Thank you E351 series" event |date= 22 February 2018 |work= JR East |publisher= The Sankei Shimbun & Sankei Digital |location= Japan|language= ja|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180224052853/http://www.jreast.co.jp/nagano/pdf/180222-01.pdf |archive-date= 24 February 2018 |url-status=live |access-date= 7 April 2018}}</ref>
After their withdrawal, the trains were transferred to Nagano General Rolling Stock Center for scrapping. No E351 series cars have been preserved.<ref name="tn29012022">{{cite web |title=あぁ～残念！ 博物館入りすることなく廃車に 悲運なJR東日本の車両3選 |language=Japanese |date=29 January 2022 |url=https://trafficnews.jp/post/114765/2 |website=trafficnews.jp |publisher=Mediavague Co., ltd. |accessdate=30 January 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220130211211/https://trafficnews.jp/post/114765/2 |archive-date=30 January 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
==Build details== The individual build details for the fleet are as shown below.<ref name="railfan684">{{cite magazine|last = Azusa |first = Takeshi |script-title=ja: E353系の足跡 |trans-title= The footprints of the E351 series |magazine = [[Japan Railfan Magazine]] |volume = 58|issue = 684 |page = 48 |publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location = Japan |language = ja |date = April 2018}}</ref><ref name="jrr2018_winter">{{cite book|title=JR電車編成表 2018冬|date=15 November 2017|publisher=Kotsu Shimbunsha|isbn=978-4-330-84117-5|location=Japan|page=100|language=ja|script-title=ja: JR電車編成表 2018冬|trans-title=JR EMU Formations – Winter 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" |- ! Batch ! Set No. ! Manufacturer ! Date delivered ! Date withdrawn |- | rowspan = "2"| 1st | S1 | Hitachi | 16 September 1993 | 4 April 2018<ref name="jrr2019_winter">{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR電車編成表 2019冬 |trans-title=JR EMU Formations – Winter 2019 |publisher = Kotsu Shimbunsha |date = 14 November 2018 |location = Japan |pages=356|isbn = 978-4-330-93218-7}}</ref> |- | S2 | Nippon Sharyo | 30 September 1993 | 24 December 2017<ref name="dj407">{{cite magazine|script-title=ja: JR車両のうごき|trans-title= JR rolling stock changes |magazine = Tetsudo Daiya Joho Magazine |volume = 47|issue = 407 |page = 102 |publisher = Kotsu Shimbun |location = Japan |language= ja |date = March 2018}}</ref> |- | rowspan = "3"| 2nd | S3 | rowspan="2" | Hitachi | 19 December 1995 | rowspan="2" | 8 April 2018<ref name=jrr2019_winter /> |- | S4 | 9 January 1996 |- | S5 | Nippon Sharyo | 16 January 1996 | 24 December 2017<ref name="dj407"/> |- | rowspan = "2"| 1st | S21 | Hitachi | 16 September 1993 | 4 April 2018<ref name=jrr2019_winter /> |- | S22 | rowspan="2" | Nippon Sharyo | 16 October 1993 | 24 December 2017<ref name="dj407"/> |- | rowspan = "3"| 2nd | S23 | 19 December 1995 | rowspan="2" | 8 April 2018<ref name=jrr2019_winter /> |- | S24 | Hitachi | 9 January 1996 |- | S25 | Nippon Sharyo | 16 January 1996 | 24 December 2017<ref name="dj407"/> |}
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== {{commons category|JR East E351|E351 series}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080224002952/http://www.jreast.co.jp/train/express/e351.html JR E351 ''Super Azusa''] {{in lang|ja}}
{{JR East EMU}}
[[Category:Electric multiple units of Japan]] [[Category:Tilting trains]] [[Category:East Japan Railway Company]] [[Category:Hitachi multiple units]] [[Category:Nippon Sharyo multiple units]] [[Category:Train-related introductions in 1993]] [[Category:1500 V DC multiple units of Japan]] [[Category:Raised cab multiple units]] [[Category:Scrapped EMUs]]