{{Short description|Town in Grodno Region, Belarus}} {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Dzyatlava |native_name = {{native name|be|Дзятлава}} |other_name = |settlement_type = [[List of cities and largest towns in Belarus|Town]] |image_skyline = Зьдзецел касьцёл.jpg |image_caption = Catholic Church of the Assumption of Mary founded by [[Marshal of the Sejm|Sejm Marshal]] [[Lew Sapieha]] |imagesize = 250px |image_flag = Flag of Dziatłava, Belarus.svg |image_shield = Coat of Arms of Dziatłava, Belarus.svg |flag_size = 150 |shield_size = 75 | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Belarus]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Belarus|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Grodno Region]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Belarus|District]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Dzyatlava District]] |established_title = Founded |established_date = 1498 |population_as_of = 2025 |population_footnotes = <ref name="pop">{{cite web|url=https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_148168/|title=Численность населения на 1 января 2025 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2024 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329210112/https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_148168/|archive-date=29 March 2025|website=belsat.gov.by|access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref> |population_total = 7,596 |population_density_km2 = |timezone = [[Moscow Time|MSK]] |utc_offset = +3 |pushpin_map = Belarus |map_caption = Location of Dyatlovo |coordinates = {{coord|53|27|55|N|25|24|20|E|region:BY|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 231471 |area_code = +375 1563 |website = {{URL|http://dyatlovo.grodno-region.by/en/}} |footnotes = }}
'''Dzyatlava''' or '''Dyatlovo'''{{efn|{{langx|be|Дзятлава|Dziatlava}}; {{langx|ru|Дятлово}}; {{langx|pl|Zdzięcioł}}; {{langx|yi|זשעטל|Zhetl}}.}} is a town in [[Grodno Region]], [[Belarus]]. It serves as the administrative center of [[Dzyatlava District]].<ref name="enc">{{cite book |last1=Gaponenko |first1=Irina Olegovna |title=Назвы населеных пунктаў Рэспублікі Беларусь: Гродзенская вобласць |date=2004 |location=Minsk |publisher=Тэхналогія |page=187 |isbn=985-458-098-9}}</ref><ref name="pop"/> It is located about {{convert|165|km}} southeast of [[Grodno]]. The population was 7,700 in 2016. As of 2025, it has a population of 7,596.<ref name="pop" />
== History == Being 80 kilometres south of present-day Lithuania, Zietela's environs had been known by linguists as the outermost indigenous Lithuanian speaking "island" apart from the contiguous Lithuanian language territory. The Lithuanian speakers spoke a unique dialect, known as the "Zietela dialect"; it has been speculated that the ancestors of its speakers might have been Lithuanized [[Yotvingians|Jotvingians]]. It drew the attention by many prominent linguists, such as [[Christian Schweigaard Stang]], [[Vladimir Toporov]], [[Kazimieras Būga]] and [[Juozas Balčikonis]]. In 1886, 1,156 people in nearby villages declared themselves Lithuanians, however, the real number might have been much greater.<ref name="GZ">Gediminas Zemlickas, "Paminklas mirusiai ðnektai (2)" [Monument to the Extinct Dialect], Lietuviø kalbos instituto Kalbos istorijos ir dialektologijos skyriaus darbuotojai doc. dr. Danguolë Mikulënienë ir dr. Aloyzas Vidugiris. {{cite web |url=http://ic.lms.lt/ml/167/snektai.htm |title=Mokslo Lietuva Main Page |accessdate=2008-01-23 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010030610/http://ic.lms.lt/ml/167/snektai.htm |archivedate=October 10, 2007 }}</ref> At present the Lithuanian population is virtually extinct.<ref name="GZ"/>
=== Grand Duchy of Lithuania === Zietela was first referenced in documents from 1498 when it was granted by the King of Poland [[John I Albert]] to Prince [[Konstanty Ostrogski]], who later built a wooden castle there.
==== 17th century ==== In the 17th century, Zietela was owned by [[Lew Sapieha]], who ordered a Catholic church to be erected on the main city square. The church was consecrated in 1646, renovated after a fire in 1743 and still stands.<ref>[https://globustut.by/dyatlovo/kostel_gallery.htm Photographs, at globustut.by]</ref>
==== 18th century ==== During the [[Great Northern War]] of the anti-Swedish alliance, [[Peter I of Russia]] visited Zietela and stayed there for a week in January 1708. In the 18th century, the town was owned by Stanisław Sołtyk, who built a Baroque residence there in 1751. After the [[partitions of Poland]], until the aftermath of [[World War I]], the town was within the [[Russian Empire]], in the [[Grodno Governorate]], district of [[Slonim]].<ref>[https://www.jewishgen.org/Communities/community.php?usbgn=-1942808 JewishGen Communities Database for Dzyatlava, Belarus]</ref>[[File:Ździecieł, Rynak. Зьдзецел, Рынак (J. Bułhak, 1938).jpg|thumb|right|Market square in Zdzięcioł, 1938, before the [[Soviet invasion of Poland]] ]]
=== 20th century === Between [[World War I]] and [[World War II]], Zdzięcioł (now Dzyatlava) belonged to the [[Second Polish Republic]]. It was the seat of [[Gmina]] Zdzięcioł in [[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Nowogródek Voivodeship]].<ref name="GUS">{{cite news | title=Województwo Nowogródzkie | publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej ([[Central Statistical Office (Poland)|Central Statistical Office of Poland]]) | work=Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej - Tom VII - Część I | date=1923 |location=Warszawa | title-link=Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939) }}</ref> The population was composed predominantly of [[Polish Jews]]. The Soviet forces [[Soviet invasion of Poland|invaded eastern Poland]] on September 17, 1939, and stationed in the Voivodeship area until the outbreak of [[Operation Barbarossa|their own war with Germany]] in June 1941. After the Soviet rapid retreat, and several months of Nazi ad hoc persecution, on February 22, 1942 the new German authorities officially created [[Zdzięcioł Ghetto]].<ref name="ushmm">{{cite web | url=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10007235 | title=Zdzieciol (Zhetel) Ghetto | author=Holocaust Encyclopedia | publisher=USHMM | accessdate=July 27, 2011 |format=Wikipedia [[OTRS]] ticket no. 2007071910012533}}</ref><ref name=eber>{{cite book|author=Piotr Eberhardt, Jan Owsinski|title=Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: History, Data, Analysis|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jLfX1q3kJzgC&dq=Nowogr%C3%B3dek+province+eberhardt&pg=RA1-PA199 | isbn=978-0-7656-0665-5}}</ref> {{details|Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland}} During [[The Holocaust in Poland|the Holocaust]], about 3,000–5,000 Jews were killed near the town during the [[Dzyatlava massacre]] of 1942 by a German death squad aided by the [[Lithuanian Auxiliary Police|Lithuanian]] and the [[Belarusian Auxiliary Police]] battalions.<ref name="gerlach">{{cite book |author=Christian Gerlach |year=1999 |title=Kalkulierte Morde: Die deutsche Wirtschafts- und Vernichtungspolitik in Weißrußland 1941 bis 1944 |trans-title=Calculated Murder: The German economic and annihilation policy in Belorussia 1941 to 1944 |language=German |publisher=Hamburger Edition, Hamburg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wn0tAQAAIAAJ&q=Schutzmannschaften |pages=206, 614, 702 |isbn=3930908549|author-link=Christian Gerlach }}</ref> The old Jewish cemetery is considered a minor landmark.
== Notable people == * [[Ivan Karizna]], cellist * [[Jacob ben Wolf Kranz of Dubno]], the "Dubner [[maggid]]" (1741–1804) * [[Yisrael Meir Kagan]] (Chofetz Chayim), 1839–1933 * [[Zvi Yosef Resnick]], [[rabbi]] and [[rosh yeshivah]] (1841–1912) * [[Mnachem Risikoff]], rabbi and scholar (1866–1960), born in Dzyatlava * [[Baruch Sorotzkin]] (1917-1979) * [[Tamara Lazakovich]], European All-Around Co-Champion (1971) and [[Gymnastics at the 1972 Summer Olympics|Olympic medalist (1972)]] in [[gymnastics]]
==Notes== {{notelist}}
== References == {{reflist}}
== External links == {{commons category|Dziatlava|Dzyatlava}} * [http://www.dyatlovo.com Info of Dziatłava] * [http://www.radzima.org/pub/miesta.php?lang=en&miesta_id1=hrdzdzia Photos on Radzima.org] * [http://dyatlovo.by/ (in Russian) Dyatlovo information portal] * [https://www.zhetel.org/ ארגון יוצאי ז'טל ודורות ההמשך] * {{JewishGen-LocalityPage|1942808|Dzyatlava, Belarus}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110307152553/http://www.dyatlovo.by.ru/ Dyatlovo old website]
{{Grodno Region}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dzyatlava}} [[Category:Dzyatlava| ]] [[Category:Holocaust locations in Belarus]] [[Category:Historic Jewish communities in Belarus]]