{{Infobox settlement | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = Ночной джанкой.jpg | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{UKR}} (occupied by Russia) | subdivision_type1 = Autonomous republic | subdivision_name1 = Crimea (''de jure'') | subdivision_type2 = Raion | subdivision_name2 = Dzhankoi Raion (''de jure'') | timezone = MSK | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | official_name = Dzhankoi | native_name = <small>Джанкой<br />Canköy</small> | image_shield = Dzhankoy-arms.jpg | image_flag = | pushpin_map = Ukraine#Ukraine Crimea | pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Dzhankoi within Crimea | pushpin_mapsize = | coordinates = {{coord|45|42|31|N|34|23|36|E|region:ru|display=inline,title}} | elevation_m = 20 | area_total_km2 = 26 | population_total = 38622 | population_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2014 | population_density_km2 = 1648.5| | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 96100 — 96114| | area_code = +7-36564 | website = {{URL|http://dzhankoy.rk.gov.ru/}} | name = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 11 | mapframe-wikidata = yes | subdivision_type3 = Federal subject | subdivision_type4 = Municipality | subdivision_name3 = Crimea (''de facto'') | subdivision_name4 = Dzhankoi Municipality (''de facto'') }}
'''Dzhankoi''' or '''Jankoy'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qha.com.ua/6-kilogrammes-of-mercury-found-out-in-the-centre-of-jankoy-in-crimea-60en.html|title=6 Kilogrammes of Mercury Found Out in the Centre of Jankoy in Crimea|access-date=2014-04-04|archive-date=2015-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109071316/http://qha.com.ua/6-kilogrammes-of-mercury-found-out-in-the-centre-of-jankoy-in-crimea-60en.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> is a city of regional significance in the northern part of Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, but since 2014 occupied by Russia. It also serves as administrative centre of Dzhankoi Raion although it is not a part of the raion (district). Population: {{Crimea-census2014|38,622|punct=.}}
Located in the northeastern steppe region of Crimea, Dhankoi is an important railway junction.<ref name=ency/> The city has various industries, which produce automobiles, reinforced concrete, fabric, meat, and other products. Dzhankoi also has professional technical schools.
==Etymology== The name ''Dzhankoi'' (Ukrainian and {{langx|ru|Джанкой}}; {{langx|de|Dshankoj}};<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://chort.square7.ch/Pis/Orte.pdf |title=Places where Mennonites lived in Russia up to 1943}}</ref> {{langx|crh|Canköy}}; {{langx|yi|דזשאַנקויע}}) means 'new village': ''canköy'' < ''cañı köy'' (''cañı'' is 'new' in the northern dialect of Crimean Tatar), but it is often explained as meaning 'spirit-village' (< ''can'' 'spirit' + ''köy'' 'village').
==Geography== {{Unreferenced section|date=February 2024}} Dzhankoi serves as the administrative centre of the Dzhankoi Raion. It is located about {{convert|93|km}} from the Crimean capital, Simferopol. Two railroad lines, Solionoye ozero-Sevastopol and Armiansk-Kerch, cross Dzhankoi.
===Climate=== Dzhankoi's climate is mostly hot in the summer, and mild in the winter. The average temperature ranges from {{convert|-2|°C|F}} in January, to {{convert|23|°C|F}} in July. The average precipitation is {{convert|420|mm|in}} per year.
==History== thumb|left|Railway station in 1910 Dzhankoi was mentioned for the first time in 1855. In April 1918 the city was captured by the Zaporozhian Corps of the Ukrainian People's Army, which expelled the Bolsheviks.<ref name=ency>{{Cite book|title=Енциклопедія українознавства. Словникова частина (ЕУ-II)|date=1993|volume=2|pages=505-508}}</ref> It received city status in 1926. In 1933 Dzhankoi's population comprised 10,000 inhabitants.<ref name=ency/> About 1,400 Jews lived in Dzhankoi on the eve of the Second World War.<ref name="Arad">{{cite book |last1=Arad |first1=Yitzhak |title=The Holocaust in the Soviet Union |date=2009 |publisher=Yad Vashem |location=Jerusalem}}</ref>
In 1941, during the war, Dzhankoi was occupied by German troops. During the occupation, 720 Jewish members of the local collective farm were shot in the city.<ref name="Arad"/> Other accounts mention 7,000,<ref>{{cite web |title=Крым |url=https://eleven.co.il/diaspora/regions-and-countries/12247/ |website=Электронная еврейская энциклопедия |access-date=November 17, 2022}}</ref> which could include Jews brought from elsewhere.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Megargee |first1=Geoffrey P. |title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos. Volume II: Ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe, 1933-1945 |date=2012 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, IN |page=1765}}</ref> From late 1941 to September 1942, the Germans operated the Dulag 123 transit prisoner-of-war camp in the town.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Megargee|first1=Geoffrey P.|last2=Overmans|first2=Rüdiger|last3=Vogt|first3=Wolfgang|year=2022|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|page=76|isbn=978-0-253-06089-1}}</ref> Dzhankoi was recaptured by Soviet troops on April 13, 1944.
During the Soviet rule a motor repair plant and a canned vegetable factory were active in Dzhankoi.<ref name=ency/> In 1954, as part of the Crimean region, it became part of the Ukrainian SSR. Since 1991, it has been a part of independent Ukraine. In February 2014, it was annexed by Russia. On the night of March 20, 2023, explosions caused by drone attacks were reported in the area.<ref name=AJKalibr>{{cite news |date=March 21, 2023 |title=Ukraine says Russia Kalibr missile cargo hit in transit to Crimea |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/21/ukraine-says-russia-kalibr-missile-cargo-hit-in-transit-to-crimea |work=Al Jazeera |access-date=March 21, 2023}}</ref>
==Transport== Dzhankoi is a transport hub. Through the city pass two major railways of the peninsula as well as two major European highways. It has two railroad terminals - the central one, where only passenger and fast trains stop and the suburban one - where only suburban trains, known as ''elektrichka''s, are allowed.
Dzhankoi air base of the Russian Navy is nearby.
==Population== {| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;" |- !Year!!Inhabitants |- |1805 |173 |- |1926 |8,310 |- |1939 |19,576 |- |1970 |43,000 |- |1989 |53,464 |- |2001 |42,861 |- |2014 |38,622 |}
== Demographics == As of the 2001 Ukrainian census, 59.75% of the population identified as Russians, 25.91% as ethnic Ukrainians, while Crimean Tatars made up 8.09% of the population. The town is also home to smaller Belarusian, Polish, Moldovan and Armenian communities.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://datatowel.in.ua/pop-composition/ethnic-cities | title=Національний склад міст }}</ref>
In the 2014 census conducted by Russian occupation authorities, the town had a population of 38,622, of which 25,787 ({{Pct|25787|38622|2}}) were Russian, 6,401 ({{Pct|6401|38622|2}}) were Ukrainian, 2,807 ({{Pct|2807|38622|2}}) were Crimean Tatar and 829 ({{Pct|829|38622|2}}) were Tatar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Crimea (occupied by Russia) - Ethnic composition: 2014 census |url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/rk-gfzs-ethnic2014.htm |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=uk}}</ref>
{{bar box|title=2001 Ukrainian census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=|right1=percent|bars={{bar percent|Russians|purple|59.75}} {{bar percent|Ukrainians|dodgerblue|25.91}} {{bar percent|Crimean Tatars|orange|8.09}} {{bar percent|Belarusians|red|1.54}} {{bar percent|Moldovans|pink|0.28}} {{bar percent|Poles|yellow|0.28}} {{bar percent|Armenians|brown|0.27}} {{bar percent|Tatars|green|0.20}} {{bar percent|Azerbaijanis|yellow|0.16}} {{bar percent|Jews|black|0.15}}}}
{{bar box|title=2014 census (under Russian occupation)|titlebar=#ddd|left1=|right1=percent|bars={{bar percent|Russians|purple|66.77}} {{bar percent|Ukrainians|dodgerblue|16.57}} {{bar percent|Crimean Tatars|orange|7.27}} {{bar percent|Tatars|olive|2.15}}}}
==In popular culture== Dzhankoi is the subject of a popular Yiddish song "Hey! Zhankoye" (Yiddish: "Dzhankoye" "דזשאַנקויע"), as popularized by The Limeliters, Pete Seeger, the Klezmatics, and Theodore Bikel, a Soviet-era song praising the life of Jews on collective farms in Crimea.<ref>{{cite book | title=Comrades and Chicken Ranchers | url=https://archive.org/details/comradeschickenr00kann | url-access=registration | publisher=Cornell University Press | author=Kann, Kenneth L. | year=1993 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/comradeschickenr00kann/page/87 87–88]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Songs of the Jewish People | publisher=Mel Bay Publications | author=Silverman, Jerry | year=2010 | pages=54–55}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Video Archives: Yosl Kogan, Bershad Ghetto | url=http://www.indiana.edu/~aheym/profile.php?id=32&videoid=66 | publisher=Indiana University (Bloomington), College of Arts and Sciences | work=AHEYM: Archives of Historical and Ethnographic Yiddish Memories | access-date=27 February 2014}}</ref>
==Notable people== *Feodor Fedorenko (1907–1987), Ukrainian Nazi camp guard and war criminal *Oleksandr Mitrofanov (born 1977), Ukrainian football player *Denys Vasyliuk (1993–2024), Ukrainian fighter pilot and Hero of Ukraine
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== * [http://www.yadvashem.org/untoldstories/database/index.asp?cid=291 The murder of the Jews of Dzhankoi] during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.
{{Subdivisions of Crimea | state=collapsed}} {{2014 Crimean crisis}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Cities in Crimea Category:Populated places established in 1926 Category:Cities of regional significance in Ukraine Category:Populated places established in the Russian Empire Category:Holocaust locations in Ukraine Category:1926 establishments in the Soviet Union