Adaptive cruise control

{{Short description|Cruise control advanced driver-assistance system}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} thumb|upright=1.25|Schematic of Intelligent Cruise Control. The red car automatically maintains a safe distance from the blue car. {{ external media | float = right | width = 200 | video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JlJmjuptCw Adaptive cruise control by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety] (example video) }}

'''Adaptive cruise control''' ('''ACC''') is a type of advanced driver-assistance system for road vehicles that automatically adjusts the vehicle speed to maintain a safe distance from vehicles ahead.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|access-date=2025-09-27 |date=2023-08-28 |language=en |publisher=smart Europe |title=smart #1 & #3 - Tutorial Adaptive Cruise Control |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SR83EXLMImU}} </ref> Using sensors such as radar, lidar, or cameras, ACC can slow the vehicle when traffic ahead reduces speed and accelerate back to a preset speed when the road is clear.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-11-03 |title=Demystifying Adaptive Cruise Control: A Comprehensive Guide - 33rd Square |url=https://www.33rdsquare.com/demystifying-adaptive-cruise-control-a-comprehensive-guide/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=www.33rdsquare.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

First introduced in the 1990s,<ref name=":4" /> ACC has evolved from early laser based systems to more advanced radar and camera-based technologies capable of operating at a full speed ranges, including stop-and-go traffic.<ref name=":2" />

ACC is considered{{by whom?|date=April 2026}} a key component of partially automated driving. Under SAE International's classification, most ACC systems are categorized as Level 1 automation,<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=Can You Add Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) to a Vehicle? {{!}} Vehicle Answers |url=https://vehicleanswers.com/can-you-add-adaptive-cruise-control-acc-to-a-vehicle/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> as they control longitudinal vehicle motion but require continuous driver supervision and do not provide full vehicle autonomy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/cars/adaptive-cruise-control/ |title=Here is everything you need to know about adaptive cruise control|date=25 September 2017 |website=digitaltrends.com}}</ref> When combined with steering assistance features such as lane centering, the system may qualify as Level 2 automation.<ref name=":6" />

== Consumer use == Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is an advanced driver-assistance feature that supplements, but does not replace, the role of the driver. The system automates longitudinal vehicle control by adjusting throttle and, in many systems, applying braking to maintain a preset following distance, but it requires continuous driver supervision and does not replace the driver's responsibility for vehicle operation.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url= https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/157172-what-is-adaptive-cruise-control-and-how-does-it-work |title=What is adaptive cruise control, and how does it work? |website=extremetech.com |access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Heaps |first=Russ |date=2025-05-29 |title=Adaptive Cruise Control: Should You Pay Extra For It? |url=https://www.kbb.com/car-advice/what-is-adaptive-cruise-control/ |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=Kelley Blue Book |language=en-US}}</ref>

During operation, the driver selects a desired cruising speed and following distance. If the vehicle approaches slower-moving traffic, ACC automatically reduces engine power and may apply braking to maintain the selected gap. When traffic conditions permit, the vehicle accelerates back to the preset speed.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /> Some full speed range systems are capable of functioning in stop-and-go traffic, though driver attention remains required.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":8" />

=== Pricing === Adaptive cruise control is commonly offered as standard equipment on higher trim levels, or as part of optional safety or technology packages. The inclusion of ACC may increase a vehicle's price by several hundred to several thousand U.S. dollars depending on the manufacturer and the features bundled with the system.<ref name=":8" />

Because ACC is frequently packaged with other ADAS technologies, such as lane-keeping assist or automatic emergency braking, buyers may pay for a broader safety suite rather than the feature as a standalone option.<ref name=":8" />

ACC systems are commonly distinguished by the sensing technologies used to detect and track vehicles ahead, most often radar, lidar, cameras, or combinations of these sensors.<ref name=":2" />

=== Radar-based systems === Radar-based sensors work by emitting a radio wave at a frequency of either 24 GHz or 77 GHz. As these signals are emitted, the car computes how long it takes for the signal to return, thus finding out how far away a vehicle may be in front of it. Due to the widely distributed beam, radar ACC systems allow for a much wider field of view while still being able to provide accurate measurements of 160+ meters (Roughly 525 feet).<ref name=":2" /> These radar systems can be hidden behind plastic fascias; however, the fascias may look different from a vehicle without the feature. For example, Mercedes-Benz packages the radar behind the upper grille in the center and behind a solid plastic panel that has painted slats to simulate the look of the rest of the grille.

Single radar systems are the most common. Systems involving multiple sensors use either two similar hardware sensors like the 2010 Audi A8<ref>{{cite web|first=Alexander |last=Bloch |url= http://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/testbericht/die-technik-highlights-des-audi-a8-1584245.html |title=Die Technik-Highlights des neuen Audi A8 |website=Auto-motor-und-sport.de |date=2010-01-18 |access-date=2011-10-12 |language=de}}</ref> or the 2010 Volkswagen Touareg,<ref>{{cite web|first=Alexander |last=Bloch |url=http://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/testbericht/assistenzsysteme-im-test-sechs-modelle-im-sicherheitsvergleich-3025567.html |title=Assistenzsysteme im Test: Sechs Modelle im Sicherheitsvergleich |website=Auto-motor-und-sport.de |date=2011-02-09 |access-date=2011-10-12 |language=de}}</ref> or one central long range radar coupled with two short radar sensors placed on the corners of the vehicle like the BMW 5 and 6 series.<ref>{{cite web|first=Alexander |last=Bloch |url= http://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/testbericht/abstandsregeltempomaten-im-test-mittelklasse-autos-1573213.html |title=Abstandsregeltempomaten im Test: Mittelklasse-Autos |website=Auto-motor-und-sport.de |date=2010-01-08 |access-date=2011-10-12 |language=de}}</ref>

=== Lidar-based systems === Laser-based systems work using LIDAR (Light detection and ranging), allowing laser-based ACC to provide the largest detection distance as well as the best accuracy of all ACC systems.<ref name=":2" /> However, laser-based systems do not detect and track vehicles as reliably in adverse weather conditions due to the fact that fog, or water particles in the air may absorb and or redirect the light emitted from the laser, through absorption, scattering, and reflection.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baker-Campbell |first=Andrew |date=2020-12-18 |title=Fair Weather Friend: How do LiDAR Systems Cope in Rain & Fog? - AutoVision News |url=https://www.autovision-news.com/adas/lidar-systems-rain-fog/,%20https://www.autovision-news.com/adas/lidar-systems-rain-fog/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=www.autovision-news.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Laser based ACC systems also have a more difficult time tracking dirty (and therefore non-reflective) vehicles. Laser-based sensors must be exposed, the sensor (a fairly large black box) is typically found in the lower grille, offset to one side.

=== Camera-based systems === Camera-based adaptive cruise control (ACC) uses one or more forward-facing cameras to detect and track vehicles ahead using computer vision. Instead of directly measuring range with reflected radio waves (radar) or laser pulses (lidar), camera-based systems infer distance and closing speed from image cues such as object size and motion across frames, and when stereo cameras are used, by estimating depth from parallax between two views.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Driver Assistance Technologies {{!}} NHTSA |url=https://www.nhtsa.gov/vehicle-safety/driver-assistance-technologies |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260220154853/https://www.nhtsa.gov/vehicle-safety/driver-assistance-technologies |archive-date=2026-02-20 |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=NHTSA |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=EyeSight Driver Assist Technology {{!}} Subaru |url=https://www.subaru.com/eyesight.html |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=Subaru Cars, Sedans, SUVs {{!}} Subaru of America |language=en}}</ref>

Some camera-based ACC implementations use '''stereo (binocular)''' camera arrangements mounted near the windshield, enabling depth perception without radar. Subaru's EyeSight is a well-known example of this approach; Subaru describes EyeSight as using camera-based sensing to support adaptive cruise control and related driver-assistance functions.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" />

Other systems use '''multiple cameras''' with machine-learning-based perception. Tesla’s “Tesla Vision” is a camera-dominant approach in which vehicles rely primarily on onboard cameras and neural-network processing for adaptive cruise control and other driver-assistance features.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tesla Vision Update: Replacing Ultrasonic Sensors with Tesla Vision {{!}} Tesla Support Other Europe |url=https://www.tesla.com/en_eu/support/transitioning-tesla-vision |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251109152301/https://www.tesla.com/en_eu/support/transitioning-tesla-vision |archive-date=2025-11-09 |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=Tesla |language=en-EU}}</ref>

=== Multi-sensor systems === Some ACC systems combine multiple sensor types, most commonly radar and cameras, to improve vehicle detection and tracking across varying conditions. In such systems, radar provides robust range and relative-speed measurements, while cameras provide additional visual context for object classification and scene interpretation.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":17">{{Cite web |title=Advanced driver assistance |url=https://www.iihs.org/research-areas/advanced-driver-assistance |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=IIHS-HLDI crash testing and highway safety |language=en}}</ref>

== Predictive systems == Predictive adaptive cruise control (PACC) builds on conventional ACC by incorporating forward-looking data and behavioral estimation to modify vehicle speed in anticipation of upcoming conditions. Rather than reacting only to the distance and relative speed of a preceding vehicle, predictive systems use additional information to adjust speed proactively.<ref name=":12">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSGvsVhMqbc |title=Predictive Adaptive Cruise Control |date=2023-09-01 |last=Volkswagen USA |access-date=2026-03-01 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

In production vehicles, PACC uses navigation and map data to anticipate roadway features. Some systems incorporate GPS location data, digital maps, and traffic sign recognition to automatically adjust vehicle speed in response to upcoming curves, changes in speed limits, or highway exits. By combining sensor input with navigation information, the system can reduce speed before reaching a lower speed zone or approaching a bend, rather than responding after the change occurs.<ref name=":12" />

These predictive functions are typically implemented as part of a broader driver-assistance package, such as Ford Blue Cruise, GM Super Cruise, or Tesla Autopilot.<ref name=":18" /> These systems integrate adaptive cruise control with lane centering, high-precision maps, and driver-monitoring to enable wider autonomy features on compatible roads, distinguishing them from basic ACC implementations.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |title=Site Maintenance |url=https://www.chevrolet.com/technology/super-cruise |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=www.chevrolet.com}}</ref> Guidance from U.S. and insurance-industry safety organizations emphasize that these systems remain assistance features and still require active driver supervision.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":17" />

==Regulations== Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is regulated primarily by '''ISO 15622:2018''' — Intelligent transport systems — Adaptive cruise control systems — Performance requirements and test procedures,<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISO 15622:2018 |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/71515.html |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=ISO |language=en}}</ref> which establishes minimum functional requirements, control behavior, driver interface elements, diagnostics, and performance test procedures for ACC systems. The standard defines ACC as a partial automation of longitudinal vehicle control and distinguishes between '''Full Speed Range Adaptive Cruise Control (FSRA)''' and '''Limited Speed Range Adaptive Cruise Control (LSRA)''' systems.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Standards |first=European |title=ISO 15622:2018 |url=https://www.en-standard.eu/iso-15622-2018-intelligent-transport-systems-adaptive-cruise-control-systems-performance-requirements-and-test-procedures/ |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=www.en-standard.eu |language=en}}</ref>

Because ACC systems may automatically apply braking, they must also comply with applicable vehicle braking regulations. In countries applying the UNECE framework, braking performance and electronic braking control requirements are governed by '''UN Regulation No. 13-H''', which sets safety and performance standards for passenger car braking systems. ACC systems that provide active brake control must operate within the limits prescribed by these braking regulations.<ref>UN Regulation No 13-H — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of passenger cars with regard to braking [2023/401], Official Journal of the European Union, L 60, 24 February 2023, pp. 1–60 (CELEX: 42023X0401).</ref>

== History == [[File:Mercedes-Benz Distronic Plus screen.jpg|thumb|right|"Distronic Plus" display on Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W221)]] thumb|ACC radar antennaAdaptive cruise control developed during the 1990s as an extension of conventional cruise control, initially focusing on forward distance detection rather than full longitudinal automation.<ref name="uctc.net" /><ref name=":4" /> Early systems relied on lidar sensors and were limited to warning functions or throttle control without automatic braking.<ref name=":13" /> By the late 1990s and early 2000s, radar-based systems capable of modulating both throttle and braking began to appear in production vehicles.<ref name=":14" /> Over time, manufacturers expanded ACC functionality to include full-speed-range stop-and-go operation, integration with collision mitigation systems, and, later, coordination with lane-centering features.<ref name="toyota-global.com" /><ref name=":15" /> By the mid-2010s, adaptive cruise control had become a core component of Level 2 driver-assistance systems and was increasingly offered as standard equipment across vehicle segments. * 1992: Mitsubishi Motors was the first to offer a lidar-based distance detection system on the Japanese market Debonair. Marketed as "distance warning", this system warns the driver, without influencing throttle, brakes, or gearshifting.<ref name="uctc.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.uctc.net/papers/622.pdf |author=Pratyush Bhatia |access-date=2015-12-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031011103348/http://www.uctc.net/papers/622.pdf |archive-date=11 October 2003|title=Vehicle Technologies to Improve Performance and Safety}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web |title=Company History |url=http://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/en/corporate/aboutus/history/1990/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230134028/http://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/en/corporate/aboutus/history/1990/index.html |archive-date=30 December 2014 |access-date=30 December 2014 |website=Mitsubishi Motors}}</ref> * 1995: Mitsubishi Diamante introduced laser "Preview Distance Control". This system controlled speed through throttle control and downshifting, but could not apply the brakes.<ref name="uctc.net" /><ref name=":13">{{cite press release |title=Press Release - Mitsubishi Motors Corporation |url=http://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/en/corporate/pressrelease/corporate/detail429.html |access-date=14 January 2017 |website=mitsubishi-motors.com}}</ref> * 1997: Toyota offered a "laser adaptive cruise control" (lidar) system on the Japanese market Celsior.<ref name="toyota-global.com">{{cite web |title=Technical Development - Electronics Parts |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/products_technology/technology_development/electronics_parts/index.html |access-date=6 April 2015 |website=toyota-global.com}}</ref> It controlled speed through throttle control and downshifting, but could not apply the brakes. * 1999: Mercedes introduced "Distronic", the first radar-assisted ACC,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Verpraet |first1=Illya |date=8 August 2018 |title=The history of adaptive cruise control |url=https://www.autonomousvehicleinternational.com/features/adas-3.html |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=ADAS & Autonomous Vehicle International}}</ref> on the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W220)<ref name="auto1">{{cite press release |title=Mercedes-Benz S-Class, W 220 series (1998 to 2005) |url=http://media.daimler.com/dcmedia/0-921-657477-1-814760-1-0-0-0-0-1-11702-614232-0-1-0-0-0-0-0.html |access-date=30 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053239/http://media.daimler.com/dcmedia/0-921-657477-1-814760-1-0-0-0-0-1-11702-614232-0-1-0-0-0-0-0.html |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{cite web |date=27 November 2014 |title=Innovation as a tradition |url=http://www.daimler.com/dccom/0-5-658451-1-1767861-1-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229221136/http://www.daimler.com/dccom/0-5-658451-1-1767861-1-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html |archive-date=29 December 2014}}</ref> and the CL-Class.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=http://media.daimler.com/dcmedia/0-921-1090569-1-823389-1-0-0-0-0-1-11702-614318-0-1-0-0-0-0-0.html|title=Technical highlights of the CL-Class and its predecessor series | Daimler Global Media Site > Classic > Mercedes-Benz Cars > Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars > Coupes|website=media.daimler.com}}</ref> * 1999: Jaguar began offering a radar-based ACC system on the Jaguar XK (X100).<ref>{{cite press release |title=Jaguar Teams with Delphi to Introduce Adaptive Cruise Control |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/jaguar-teams-with-delphi-to-introduce-adaptive-cruise-control-76713372.html |website=prnewswire.com}}</ref> * 1999: Nissan introduced laser ACC on the Japanese market Nissan Cima.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nissan Research Center - On the Research Front Lines - Hideaki Inoue |url=http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/NRC/FRONTLINES/VOL3/#page1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230025111/http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/NRC/FRONTLINES/VOL3/#page1 |archive-date=30 December 2014 |access-date=30 December 2014 |website=nissan-global.com}}</ref> * 1999: Subaru introduced world's first camera-based ACC on the Japanese-market Subaru Legacy Lancaster.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Subaru Legacy Lancaster ADA specification |url=http://www.goo-net-exchange.com/catalog/SUBARU__LEGACY_LANCASTER/4501945/ |access-date=6 May 2022}}</ref> * 2000: BMW introduced radar "Active Cruise Control" in Europe on the BMW 7 Series - E38.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tcT-AAAAQBAJ&q=Aktive+Geschwindigkeitsregelung+bmw+e38&pg=PA639 |title=Fahrwerkhandbuch |date=25 September 2013 |publisher=Springer-Verlag |isbn=9783658019921 |page=639}}</ref> * 2000: Toyota was the first to bring laser ACC to the US market in late 2000, with the LS 430 Dynamic Laser Cruise Control system.<ref>{{cite web |date=2000-09-29 |title=Finally! Adaptive Cruise Control Arrives in the USA |url=http://www.ivsource.net/archivep/2000/sep/a000929_USacc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908013626/http://www.ivsource.net/archivep/2000/sep/a000929_USacc.html |archive-date=8 September 2008 |access-date=2011-10-12 |website=Ivsource.net}}</ref> * 2000: Toyota's laser ACC system added "brake control", that also applies brakes.<ref name="toyota-global.com" /> * 2001: Infiniti introduced laser "Intelligent Cruise Control" on the 2002 Infiniti Q45 Third generation F50 and 2002 Infiniti QX4. * 2001: Renault introduced ACC on the Renault Vel Satis<ref>{{cite web |date=2002-09-27 |title=First drive: Renault gets Vel Satis-faction |url=http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/CDCB7D9632B9660ECA2572100028B838 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230052327/http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/CDCB7D9632B9660ECA2572100028B838 |archive-date=30 December 2014 |access-date=2015-01-19}}</ref> (supplied by Bosch<ref>{{cite web |date=2001-03-09 |title=Premiere auf dem Automobilsalon in Genf: Renault Vel Satis mit neuer Wischertechnik von Bosch |url=http://presseservice.pressrelations.de/standard/result_main.cfm?aktion=jour_pm&r=54080&quelle=0&pfach=1&n_firmanr_=102116&sektor=pm&detail=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230044149/http://presseservice.pressrelations.de/standard/result_main.cfm?aktion=jour_pm&r=54080&quelle=0&pfach=1&n_firmanr_=102116&sektor=pm&detail=1 |archive-date=30 December 2014 |access-date=2015-01-19 |publisher=Robert Bosch}}</ref>) * 2002: Lancia introduced radar ACC (by Bosch) on the Lancia Thesis<ref>{{cite web |date=2011-09-24 |title=Launch of top-of-the-range Lancia Thesis is delayed further |url=http://europe.autonews.com/article/20010924/ANE/109240814/launch-of-top-of-the-range-lancia-thesis-is-delayed-further |access-date=2015-01-19 |publisher=Automotive News Europe}}</ref> * 2002: Volkswagen introduced radar ACC, manufactured by Autocruise (now TRW), on the Volkswagen Phaeton. * 2002: Audi introduced radar ACC (Autocruise) on the Audi A8 in late 2002 * 2003: Cadillac introduced radar ACC on the Cadillac XLR.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Delphi's Adaptive Cruise Control Technology Featured on Cadillac XLR |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/delphis-adaptive-cruise-control-technology-featured-on-cadillac-xlr-71376412.html |website=prnewswire.com}}</ref> * 2003: Toyota shifted from laser to radar ACC on the Celsior.<ref name="toyota-global.com" /> The first Lexus Dynamic Radar Cruise Control and a radar-guided pre-collision system appeared on the Lexus LS (XF30) US market facelift.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/wheels/187892_road27.html%7ctitle=LS|title=430: Luxury or 'ultra luxury'}}</ref> * 2004: Toyota added "low-speed tracking mode" to the radar ACC on the Crown Majesta.<ref name="toyota-global.com" /> The low-speed tracking mode was a second mode that would warn the driver and provide braking if the car ahead stopped; it could stop the car, but would then deactivate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Low Speed ACC Finally Hits the Market |url=http://ivsource.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=83 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222070440/http://ivsource.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=83 |archive-date=22 February 2012 |access-date=2011-10-12 |website=Ivsource.net}}</ref> * 2005: In the United States, Acura introduced radar ACC integrated with a Collision avoidance system (Collision Mitigation Braking System (CMBS)) in the model year 2006 Acura RL.<ref>{{cite press release |title=2006 Acura RL – Safety |date=2005-08-17 |url=http://www.iihs.org/iihs/ratings/vehicle/v/acura/tsx-4-door-sedan/2006 |access-date=2011-10-12 |website=Hondanews.com}}</ref> * 2005: Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W221) upgraded ACC to completely halt the car if necessary (now called "Distronic Plus" on E-Class and most Mercedes sedans). * 2006: Volkswagen Passat B6 introduced radar ACC supplied by Autocruise and TRW, functioning from {{convert|30|to|210|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. It supported additional functions AWV1 and AWV2 to prevent collisions by using the brake system. * 2006: Audi introduced full speed range ACC plus on the Audi Q7. In low-speed mode, it warns the driver of a potential collision and prepares emergency braking as needed.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 April 2006 |title=Distance Control: DCX and VW Offering Adaptive Cruise Control System with a Low-Speed Mode |url=http://www.marklines.com/cn/report/rep464_200604 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230143839/http://www.marklines.com/cn/report/rep464_200604 |archive-date=30 December 2014 |access-date=2015-12-30 |website=marklines.com}}</ref> The system was supplied by Bosch. * 2006: Nissan introduced "Intelligent Cruise Control with Distance Control Assist" on Nissan Fuga.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Nissan - news cite press release |url=http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/NEWS/2006/_STORY/060315-01-e.html |access-date=30 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027124358/http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/NEWS/2006/_STORY/060315-01-e.html |archive-date=27 October 2011 |website=nissan-global.com}}</ref> It pushes the gas pedal against the foot when the navigation system observes an unsafe speed. If the Autonomous cruise control system is used, the Distance Control Assistance reduced speed automatically and warned the driver with an audible bell sound. * 2006: September 2006 Toyota introduced its "all-speed tracking function" for the Lexus LS 460.<ref name="toyota-global.com" /> The radar-assisted system maintained continuous control from speeds from {{convert|0|to|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} and is designed to work under stop/go situations such as highway traffic congestion.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|url=https://www.toyota-europe.com/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207082214/http://www.toyota.eu/06_Safety/03_understanding_active_safety/03_cruise_control.aspx|title=Welcome to the Toyota Motor Europe website|archivedate=7 December 2008|website=Toyota EU|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2007: BMW introduced full-speed Active Cruise Control Stop-and-Go on the BMW 5 Series (E60).<ref>{{cite web |date=2008-06-17 |title=Active Cruise Control with Stop & Go function on the BMW 5 Series Sedan |url=http://www.bmw.com/com/en/newvehicles/5series/sedan/2007/allfacts/ergonomics/acc_stop.html |access-date=2011-10-12 |website=Bmw.com}}</ref> * 2008: Lincoln introduced radar ACC on the 2009 Lincoln MKS. * 2008: SsangYong Motor Company introduced radar "Active Cruise Control" on the SsangYong Chairman<ref>{{cite press release |title=Ssangyong Motor |url=http://www.smotor.com/enold/med_cen/news/1205577_8693.html |website=smotor.com}}</ref> * 2008: Volkswagen Passat CC, B6 and Touareg GP. The ACC system was updated to support a full auto stop and added Front Assist function to prevent collisions working separately of ACC. Front Assist cannot brake automatically, it only increases the pressure in the brake system and warns the driver. * 2008: Volkswagen Golf 6 introduced ACC with lidar. * 2009: Hyundai introduced radar ACC on Hyundai Equus in Korean market. * 2009: ACC and CMBS also became available as optional feature for the 2010 Acura MDX<ref>{{cite press release |title=Acura Media Newsroom – MDX – Releases |url=http://www.acura.com/PressReleases.aspx |access-date=2011-10-12 |website=Hondanews.com}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=October 2011}} Mid Model Change (MMC) and the newly introduced model year 2010 Acura ZDX.<ref>{{cite press release |title=New 2010 Acura ZDX Four-Door Sports Coupe Delivers Style, Performance, Luxury and Refinement |date=2009-08-17 |url=http://www.hondanews.com/categories/793/releases/5125 |access-date=2011-10-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214232406/http://www.hondanews.com/categories/793/releases/5125 |archive-date=14 December 2009 |website=Hondanews.com}}</ref> *2010: Ford debuted its first ACC on the sixth generation Ford Taurus (option on most models, standard on the SHO) * 2010: Audi introduced a GPS-guided radar ACC on Audi A8#D4<ref name="audi-mediaservices.com">{{cite press release|url= https://www.audi-mediaservices.com/publish/ms/content/en/public/pressemitteilungen/2010/02/01/the_new_audi_a8__.html |title=The new Audi A8 – The sportiest sedan in the luxury class|access-date=30 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231011547/https://www.audi-mediaservices.com/publish/ms/content/en/public/pressemitteilungen/2010/02/01/the_new_audi_a8__.html |archive-date=31 December 2014|url-status=usurped}}</ref> * 2010: Volkswagen Passat B7, CC. Update of ACC and updated Front Assist. Introduced emergency braking, named "City". The car could brake automatically to prevent a collision. * 2010: Jeep introduced ACC on the 2011 Jeep Grand Cherokee<ref>{{cite press release |title=All-new 2011 Jeep Grand Cherokee Earns 'Top Safety Pick' From the Insurance |date=2 June 2010 |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/all-new-2011-jeep-grand-cherokee-earns-top-safety-pick-from-the-insurance-institute-for-highway-safety-95401949.html |access-date=6 April 2015 |author=Chrysler Group |website=prnewswire.com}}</ref> * 2012: Volkswagen made ACC standard on the Volkswagen Golf MK7 SE and above. * 2013: Mercedes introduced "Distronic Plus with Steering Assist" (traffic jam assist) on the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://media.daimler.com/dcmedia/0-921-1549267-1-1549448-1-0-0-1549717-0-1-11702-0-0-1-0-0-0-0-0.html?TS=1419881588822|title=New assistance systems: The helpers in the background | Daimler Global Media Site > Brands & Products > Mercedes-Benz Cars > Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars > S-Class > Sedan > as of 05/2013|website=media.daimler.com}}</ref> * 2013: BMW introduced Active Cruise Control with Traffic Jam Assistant.<ref>{{cite web |title=BMW – Sheer Driving Pleasure |url=http://www.bmw.com/com/en/insights/technology/connecteddrive/2013/driver_assistance/intelligent_driving.html |website=bmw.com}}</ref> * 2014: Chrysler introduced full speed range radar "Adaptive Cruise Control with Stop+" on the 2015 Chrysler 200. * 2014: Tesla Motors introduced autopilot feature to Model S cars, enabling semi-autonomous cruise control.<ref>{{cite web |title=Riding shotgun in 's fastest car ever |url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/10/09/-d-awd-driver-assist/ |access-date=2014-10-10 |work=Engadget}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=D is, as expected, an AWD Model S but new autopilot features surprise |url=http://green.autoblog.com/2014/10/09/-d-awd-model-s-new-autopilot-surprise/ |access-date=2014-10-10 |work=AutoblogGreen}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=White |first=Joseph B. |date=2014-10-10 |title=Aims to Leapfrog Rivals |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/-aims-to-leapfrog-rivals-1412980889 |access-date=2015-03-21 |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> * 2015: Ford introduced the first pickup truck with ACC on the 2015 Ford F150. * 2015: Honda introduced its European CR-V 2015 with predictive cruise control.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url= http://www.autoblog.com/2015/01/14/new-honda-smart-cruise-control-predicts-other-motorists-future/|title=New Honda smart cruise control predicts other motorists' future idiocy|last=Ramsey|first=Jonathon|date=4 January 2015 |work=Autoblog|access-date=2017-02-26}}</ref> *2015: Volvo began offering ACC on all its models.<ref name=":1" /> * 2017: Cadillac introduced its Super Cruise semi-autonomous feature in the model year 2018 CT6 (for cars produced on or after 6 September 2017). The system used onboard radar and cameras along with lidar mapping data, allowing the driver to go hands-free on limited-access highways. * 2017: Toyota introduced its safety sense on all models as a standard feature. Toyota Safety Sense P (TSS-P) includes DRCC (dynamic radar cruise control) that uses a front-grille-mounted radar and a forward-facing camera that is designed to detect a vehicle in front and automatically adjust the vehicle's speed to help maintain a pre-set distance behind a vehicle ahead.

== Vehicle models supporting adaptive cruise control == {{See also|Lane centering#Sample of level 2 automated cars}}

The three main categories of ACC are:

* Vehicles with ''Full Speed Range 0MPH'' are able to bring the car to a full stop to {{convert|0|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and need to be re-activated to continue moving with something like a tap of the gas pedal. * Vehicles with ''Traffic Jam Assist / Stop & Go'' auto-resume from standstill to creep with stop and go traffic. * Vehicles with ''Partial cruise control'' cuts off and turns off below a set minimum speed, requiring driver intervention. * Vehicles with fully automated speed control can respond to traffic signals and non-vehicular on-road activity.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ |- valign="bottom" ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Make ! scope="col" colspan="2" | Full speed range ACC ! scope="col" colspan="2" | Partial cruise control |- valign="bottom" ! scope="col" | Models ! scope="col" | Notes ! scope="col" | Models ! scope="col" | Notes

|- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Aftermarket | | | Any Vehicle 1990+ | Uses OpenCV with no braking. Motor Authority Review<ref>[http://www.motorauthority.com/news/1068165_an-android-app-for-cruise-control An Android App For Cruise Control] Accessed 3 November 2011.</ref>

|- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Acura | RLX (2014+), MDX (2014+), TLX (2015+) | | 2005 RL, MDX, ZDX, 2016 MDX is 0 mph type, 2016 ILX,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://techinfo.honda.com/rjanisis/pubs/QS/AH/BTX61616OG/enu/BTX61616OG.pdf#2016%20ILX%20KA-KC%20OG_bog00424_ISIS.indd%3A.196212%3A2274 |title=2016 Acura ILX Owner's Manual |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160118064859/http://techinfo.honda.com/rjanisis/pubs/QS/AH/BTX61616OG/enu/BTX61616OG.pdf |archive-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> RDX<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://techinfo.honda.com/rjanisis/pubs/QS/AH/BTX41717OG/enu/BTX41717OG.pdf|title=2017 RDX User Manual |page=54|access-date=2 December 2016}}</ref> | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Alfa Romeo | Giulia (2016+) | Adaptive Cruise Control with Stop & Go<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.alfaromeousa.com/content/dam/alfausa/pdf/techsheet/usa/giulia/2017_AR_Giulia_FA.pdf |title= Alfa Romeo Feature Availability |access-date= 28 June 2016 |archive-date= 24 November 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151124150741/https://www.alfaromeousa.com/content/dam/alfausa/pdf/techsheet/usa/giulia/2017_AR_Giulia_FA.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> | | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Audi | A8, A7 (2010+), A6 (2011+); A7 (2013+), Q7 (2007+), A3 Prestige (2013+), Q5 (2013+), A5 (2016+), A4 (2016+) | Adaptive Cruise Control with Stop & Go | A3, A4(2008–16, questionable for 2005–07), A5(2007–15), Q5 (2008–12), A6 (questionable for 2004–10), A7, A8 (2002–09) (also uses data from navigation and front camera sensors),<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.carmagazine.co.uk/spy-shots/audi/audi-a8-2016-everything-you-need-to-know-about-d5/ |title=The new Audi A8 |access-date=17 February 2010 }}</ref> Q7 | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Bentley | Continental GT (2009+) | Follow-to-Stop option | | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | BMW | 3 and 5-series (2007+), 7-series (2009+), X5 (2011+)<ref>[http://www.bmwusanews.com/newsrelease.do?id=151&mid=BMW USA News] Accessed 6 September 2013.</ref> excl Diesel, i3 (2014+), X3 (2014+) | Active Cruise Control with Stop & Go (BMW Option Code S5DFA) | Series 7, 5, 6, 3 (2000+), Mini (2014+) | Stop & Go/Lane Assist controls steering for up to 30 seconds of hands-off driving. Highway driving only. Available on 3, 5, 6 and 7 models. (BMW Option Code S541A) Active Cruise Control<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newatlas.com/bmw-series-5-review/48179|title=Towards autonomy: Driving the new BMW 5 Series|last=McKeegan|first=Noel|date=6 March 2017|website=newatlas.com|access-date=2017-03-09}}</ref>

|- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Buick | Enclave (2018+), Envision (2017+), Regal/Regal Sportback/ Regal TourX (2016+),<ref>{{cite web |title=Buick Product Information |url=https://media.buick.com/content/media/us/en/buick/vehicles/regal/2016/_jcr_content/iconrow/textfile/file.res/16-PG-Buick-Regal-070715.pdf |website=buick.com |access-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121010230/https://media.buick.com/content/media/us/en/buick/vehicles/regal/2016/_jcr_content/iconrow/textfile/file.res/16-PG-Buick-Regal-070715.pdf |archive-date=21 January 2022 |language=en |format=PDF |date=2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Lacrosse (2017+) | | Lacrosse (2014–2016),<ref>[http://www.iihs.org/iihs/ratings/vehicle/v/buick/lacrosse-4-door-sedan IIHS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817041424/http://www.iihs.org/iihs/ratings/vehicle/v/buick/lacrosse-4-door-sedan |date=17 August 2018 }} Accessed 16 September 2016.</ref> Regal (2014–2015) | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Cadillac | XTS, ATS, SRX (2013+), CTS (2014+), ELR, Escalade/Escalade ESV (2015+ Premium trim) | Also includes full power automatic braking under {{convert|20|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} (GM Option 'RPO' Code KSG) | 2004 XLR, 2005 STS, 2006 DTS (shuts off below {{convert|25|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}) | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Chevrolet | Bolt & Bolt EUV (2022+), Impala (2014+), Malibu (2016+), Volt (2017+), Traverse (2018+ High Country trim only), Tahoe/Suburban (2017+ Premier trim), Blazer (2019+), Equinox (2019+),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gmauthority.com/blog/2018/04/2019-chevy-equinox-gets-new-colors-new-tech-and-a-whole-lot-more/|title = 2019 Chevy Equinox Gets New Colors, New Tech, and a Whole Lot More|date = 10 April 2018}}</ref> Silverado (2020+ LT, LTZ and High Country trims)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gmauthority.com/blog/2019/05/2020-chevrolet-silverado-gets-the-adaptive-cruise-it-should-have-had-for-2019/|title=2020 Chevrolet Silverado Gets the Adaptive Cruise It Should Have Had for 2019|date=24 May 2019}}</ref> | Adaptive Cruise Control - Advanced with Traffic Jam Assist (GM Option 'RPO' Code KSG) | Tahoe/Suburban (2015-2016 LTZ trim), | Adaptive Cruise Control - Camera, Disables when the vehicle slows to under {{convert|10|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} (GM Option 'RPO' Code K59)

|- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Chrysler | 200c (2015+), 300 (2015+ in S, C, or C Platinum trims), Pacifica & Pacifica Hybrid (2017+ in Touring L Plus or Limited trims) | Active Cruise Control with Stop & Go.<ref>[http://www.chrysler.com/hostc/bmo/CUC201509UFFS41A/2DN/options.do Chrysler - Build & Price] Accessed 9 September 2014.</ref> | 2007–2014 300C | Laser, for a limited time, now uses a Bosch radar-based system

|- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Ford | Everest (2015+, Trend and Titanium models only),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ford.com.au/suv/everest/models#step=1|title=Compare Models|website=ford.com.au|access-date=14 January 2017}}</ref> Fusion (2017+), F-150 (2018+), Expedition (2018+), Mustang (2015+, Premium models only), Focus (2018+) |Adaptive cruise control with stop-and-go (optional) | 2015-2017 F150<ref>{{cite press release|url= https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/fna/us/en/news/2014/09/24/10-awesome-f-150-driver-assist-features.html|title=10 Awesome Driver-Assist Features That Help 2015 Ford F-150 Customers Drive Smarter - Ford Media Center|website=ford.com|access-date=14 January 2017}}</ref> 2011+Explorer, 2017+ Fiesta, 2013+ Ford FLEX, 2006 Mondeo, 2013 Kuga, 2013-2016 Fusion, S-Max, Galaxy, 2010+ Taurus, 2011+ Edge, 2017+ Super Duty, 2019+ Ranger | Disables and does not work or brake under {{convert|20|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}; - Radar<ref name="corporate.ford.com">{{cite press release |url= http://corporate.ford.com/doc/Adaptive_Cruise.pdf |title=Ford Media Release:Adaptive Cruise Control and Collision Warning with Brake Support |access-date=19 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131014210324/http://corporate.ford.com/doc/Adaptive_Cruise.pdf |archive-date=14 October 2013}}</ref> Adaptive Cruise Control and Collision Warning with Brake Support

|- valign="top" ! scope="row" | GMC | Acadia (2017+ Denali), Yukon/Yukon XL (2017+ Denali), Terrain (2019+),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gmauthority.com/blog/gm/gmc/terrain/2019-gmc-terrain/2019-gmc-terrain-changes-updates-new-features/|title=2019 GMC Terrain Changes, Updates, New Features | GM Authority|date=29 April 2018}}</ref> Sierra (2020+ SLT, AT4 and Denali) | Adaptive Cruise Control - Advanced with Traffic Jam Assist (GM Option 'RPO' Code KSG) | Yukon/Yukon XL (2015-2016 Denali) | Adaptive Cruise Control - Camera, Disables when the vehicle slows to under {{convert|10|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} (GM Option 'RPO' Code K59)

|- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Honda | Accord (2018+),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cars.com/articles/which-cars-have-self-driving-features-for-2018-1420699785509/|title=Which cars have self driving features for 2018 |website=cars.com |access-date=25 July 2018}}</ref> CRV (2017+), Available with Honda Sensing package (2016+) | Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) with Low-Speed Follow | 2003 Inspire, 2005 Legend, 2013 Accord (USA), 2007 CR-V series III, 2015 Honda CRV, 2016+ Honda Pilot,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://automobiles.honda.com/sensing |title=Honda Cars - Sensing Technology |website=honda.com |access-date=14 January 2017}}</ref> 2018 [http://owners.honda.com/vehicles/information/2018/Odyssey/features Honda Odyssey] | Adaptive Cruise Control and Collision Mitigating Braking System with Honda Sensing<ref>{{cite web|url= http://automobiles.honda.com/sensing/ |title=Honda Sensing |website=honda.com |access-date=10 September 2015}}</ref>

|- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Hyundai | Azera (2016+), Equus (2012+), Genesis (2015+), Sonata (2015+), Santa Fe (2017+), Santa Fe Sport (2017+), Ioniq (2017+), Palisade (2019+), Ioniq 5 (2022+) | | Genesis (2010+), Elantra (2017+) | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Infiniti | EX (2010+)*, Q50 (2014+) | Older laser based system* | 2006 EX, M, Q45, QX56, G35, FX35/45/50, G37 | Shuts off below 3 mph, EX: in North America as an option, shuts off below {{convert|40|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}

|- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Jaguar | | | XK8 / XKR (X100) (1999–2006), XK / XKR (X150) (2006–2014), S-Type, XJ, XF | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Jeep | Cherokee (2014+, Limited and TrailHawk Models), Grand Cherokee (2012+), Wrangler (2018+)<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.jeep.com/download/pdf/manuals/2014-Cherokee-OM-2nd.pdf |title=2014 Jeep Cherokee Owner's Manual|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170126005911/http://www.jeep.com/download/pdf/manuals/2014-Cherokee-OM-2nd.pdf |archive-date=26 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) - Stop/Start again option on 2017 models but not prior models. | 2011–2013 Grand Cherokee (Option on Limited & Overland, standard on Summit) | Radar, by Bosch disengages below {{convert|15|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.jeep.com/download/pdf/manuals/2011-Grand_Cherokee-OM-4th.pdf |title=2011 Jeep Grand Cherokee Owners Manual|access-date=7 April 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170126005919/http://www.jeep.com/download/pdf/manuals/2011-Grand_Cherokee-OM-4th.pdf |archive-date=26 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

|- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Kia | Cadenza (2014+), Sedona (2015+), K900 (2015+), Optima (2016+), Sorento (2016+), Niro (2017+), Telluride (2019+), EV6 (2022+) | Advanced Smart Cruise Control (ASCC) | | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Land Rover | Range Rover (L405) (2013+) | | Range Rover Sport (L320) (2005–2013) Range Rover (L322) (2010–2012) |Above {{convert|20|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Later models (~2010-) can add full speed range by (unofficial) software upgrade.<ref>{{cite web|title=ACC retrofit to MY12 4.4 TDV8 help|url= https://www.fullfatrr.com/forum/topic42331-15.html |access-date=2021-03-17 |website=fullfatrr.com}}</ref>

Discovery 3 and 4 can retrofit L320 system with custom mounting hardware<ref>{{Cite web|title=ACC (adaptive Cruise Control) Retrofit|url= http://www.disco3.co.uk/forum/topic74744.html?highlight=ACC&start=120 |access-date=2021-03-17 |website=disco3.co.uk}}</ref>

|- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Lincoln | Continental (2017+),<ref>{{cite press release|url= https://media.lincoln.com/content/lincolnmedia/lna/us/en/continental.html |title=All-New Lincoln Continental Delivers Quiet Luxury: Elegant, Serene, Effortlessly Powerful |website=media.lincoln.com |date=2016 |accessdate=16 March 2021}}</ref> MKZ (2017+)<ref>{{cite press release|url= https://media.lincoln.com/content/lincolnmedia/lna/us/en/2017-lincoln-mkz.html |title=Quiet Luxury: Intuitive Technology, Effortless Performance and Distinctive Design Drive 2017 Lincoln MKZ |website=media.lincoln.com |date=2016 |accessdate=16 March 2021}}</ref> | Adaptive cruise control with stop-and-go. | MKS (2009+), MKT (2010+), MKX (2011+), MKZ (2013+), MKC (2015+) | Radar<ref name="corporate.ford.com"/> Adaptive Cruise Control and Collision Warning with Brake Support

|- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Lexus | LS 460 (2006+), GS hybrid (2013+), NX (2015+), NX hybrid (2015+), GS non-hybrid (2016+), RX (2016+), RX hybrid (2016+), UX (2019+),<ref>{{cite web|title=Experience Amazing |url= https://www.lexus.com/models/UX?link%5BSafetyLSS%5D%5BSHOW_PAGE%5D=true |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=lexus.com}}</ref> ES (2019+)<ref>{{cite web|title=Experience Amazing |url= https://www.lexus.com/models/ES?link%5BSafetyLSS%5D%5BSHOW_PAGE%5D=true |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=lexus.com}}</ref> | Dynamic Radar Cruise Control <br />LS 460 full ACC not available in US until 2013<br /> | 2000 LS430/460 (laser and radar), RX (laser and radar), GS, IS, ES 350, and LX 570 (shuts off below {{convert|25|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}) | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Mazda | CX-5 (2017+), CX-9 (2017+),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/245417-will-tech-quieter-cockpit-put-2017-mazda-cx-5-par-audi-bmw|title=2017 Mazda CX-5 first drive review: Will more tech, quieter cockpit match Audi, BMW?|website=extremetech.com|access-date=24 November 2017}}</ref> Mazda3 (2020+), Mazda CX-30 (2020+), Mazda6 (2021+)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.mazdausa.com/2020-09-01-2021-Mazda6-Standing-Out-From-Its-Class|title = 2021 Mazda6: Standing Out from Its Class}}</ref> | Mazda Radar Cruise Control with Stop and Go | Mazda6 (2014+), Mazda3, CX-5 (2016+) | Radar Cruise Control and Forward Obstruction Warning<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mazda.com/mazdaspirit/safety/active_safety/mrcc.html |title=MAZDA MRCC - Active Safety Technology |website=mazda.com |access-date=6 April 2015 |archive-date=12 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212170341/http://www.mazda.com/mazdaspirit/safety/active_safety/mrcc.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

|- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Nissan | Murano (2015+), Maxima (2016+), Altima (2016+), Sentra (2017+), Note (2017+), Leaf (2018+), Titan (2020+) | Stops vehicle but resets after 3 seconds, requiring brake application to sit still and setting cruise speed again. | 1998 Cima, Primera T-Spec Models | Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC)

|- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Peugeot | 3008 and 5008 (2017+), 308 (2017+), 508 (2018+), 208 (2019+), 2008 (2019+) | Adaptive Cruise Control with Stop & Go | 3008 and 5008 (2009–16), Partner (2018+) | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Porsche | Panamera (2010+); Cayenne (2011+), Cayman (2013+), Boxster(2012+) | Porsche Active Safe (PAS), PDK transmission only. | | |- valign+"top" ! scope="row" | Ram | 1500/2500/3500 (2019+) | Adaptive Cruise with Stop | | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | SEAT | León (2012+), Ateca<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seat.com/carworlds/suv-ateca/safety.html |title=New SEAT Ateca – Car Safety |website=seat.com |access-date=2016-10-06 |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118170311/https://www.seat.com/carworlds/suv-ateca/safety.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | | | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Skoda | Octavia (2013+), Fabia (2014+), Superb (2014+) | | | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Subaru | Legacy, Outback (2013+), Forester (2014+), Impreza (2015+), WRX (2016+), Crosstrek (2016+), Ascent (2019+) | 0 mph EyeSight<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.subaru.com/content/downloads/pdf/brochures/13NYAS_LEG_OBK.pdf |title=2013 Subaru Legacy and Outback |website=subaru.com |access-date=2012-04-06 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120417015635/http://www.subaru.com/content/downloads/pdf/brochures/13NYAS_LEG_OBK.pdf |archive-date=17 April 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{cite web|url= http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/subaru-2013-legacy-eyesight,3423-5.html |title=Eyesight Technology |website=tomshardware.com|date=10 April 2013 }}</ref> Non-Radar Camera System | | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Suzuki | Swift 2017+ | | Vitara (2015+), Sx4 Scross (2016+) | Radar

|- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Tesla | Model S (late 2014+), Model X, Model 3, Model Y | Traffic-Aware Cruise Control (TACC)<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.autoevolution.com/news/tesla-firmware-61-update-introduces-traffic-aware-cruise-control-for-autopilot-video-91053.html |title=Tesla Firmware 6.1 Update Introduces Traffic-Aware Cruise Control for Autopilot |website=autoevolution.com |date=13 January 2015 |access-date=2015-01-13}}</ref> with Stop-and-Go | | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Toyota | Prius + Prius Prime (2016+), Camry (2018+), C-HR (2018+), Avalon (2017+), Land Cruiser (2018+), Rav 4 (2019+), Corolla (only Hatchback) (2019), Corolla Sedan (2017+) Toyota Safety Sense P (TSS-P), Corolla Sedan and Hatchback (2020+) |Toyota Safety Sense (TSS-P) (on 2017+ Land Cruiser, Avalon and Avalon Hybrid, Prius, Corolla, Prius Prime, RAV4 and RAV4 Hybrid, Highlander and Highlander Hybrid), Toyota Safety Sense (TSS) 2.0 on 2019+ RAV4 and 2020+ Corolla has full speed range. | 1997 Celsior, 2004 Sienna (XLE Limited Edition), Avalon, Sequoia (Platinum Edition), Avensis, 2009 Corolla (Japan),<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.automobile.com/toyota-introduces-new-10th-generation-corolla-in-japan.html |title=Toyota Introduces New 10th-Generation Corolla in Japan |website=Automobile.com |access-date=2011-10-12}}</ref> 2017+ Corolla,<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://fleet.toyota.com/ftc/public/staticContent/docs/Toyota%20Safety%20Sense/TSS%20Features.pdf|title=Toyota Safety Sense (TSS) Applicability Chart|access-date=2017-04-26}}{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> 2010+ Prius, 2013+ Prius v,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.toyota.com/content/ebrochure/2013/priusv_ebrochure.pdf |title= Prius v brochure |access-date= 30 June 2016 |archive-date= 13 June 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190613011506/https://www.toyota.com/content/ebrochure/2013/priusv_ebrochure.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> 2014+ Highlander,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.toyota.com/content/ebrochure/2014/highlander_ebrochure.pdf|title= Highlander brochure|access-date= 30 June 2016|archive-date= 18 February 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150218172450/http://www.toyota.com/content/ebrochure/2014/highlander_ebrochure.pdf|url-status= dead}}</ref> 2015+ Camry,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.toyota.com/content/ebrochure/2015/camry_ebrochure.pdf |title= Camry brochure |access-date= 30 June 2016 |archive-date= 21 October 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141021052618/http://www.toyota.com/content/ebrochure/2015/camry_ebrochure.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> 2016+ RAV4<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.toyota.com/content/ebrochure/2016/rav4_ebrochure.pdf |title= 2016 RAV4 Brochure |access-date= 29 June 2016 |archive-date= 18 September 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180918012230/https://www.toyota.com/content/ebrochure/2016/rav4_ebrochure.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> |Dynamic Laser Cruise Control (DLCC) on 2009+ Sienna XLE Limited, Avalon Limited and Sequoia Platinum shuts off below {{convert|25|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} (US)<ref>{{cite press release|url= http://pressroom.toyota.com/article_download.cfm?article_id=2604 |title=Dynamic Laser Cruise Contro |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190620222325/http://pressroom.toyota.com/article_download.cfm?article_id=2604 |archive-date=20 June 2019 |website=pressroom.toyota.com |access-date=6 May 2022}}</ref>

|- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Vauxhall / Opel | | | Insignia, Zafira Tourer (on selected variants of SE, SRi, Elite, VXR), Astra | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Volkswagen | Phaeton (2010+), Passat B8 (2014+), Touareg (2011+), Golf Mk7 (2013+), Polo (2014+), Jetta (2016+ SEL Trim), Tiguan SEL (2018+), ATLAS SEL (2018+) |Tiguan SEL and ATLAS SEL (2018+) ACC stop-and-go | Passat, Phaeton all generations, Touareg | |- valign="top" ! scope="row" | Volvo | All Volvo models 2015+ Starting in 2008 ACC was available as an option on V40, S60,<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url= http://www.volvocars.com/us/all-cars/volvo-s60/details/pages/default.aspx |title=Volvo S60 Adaptive Cruise Control |website=Volvo.com |access-date=2011-11-13 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111118031332/http://www.volvocars.com/us/all-cars/volvo-s60/details/pages/default.aspx |archive-date=18 November 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> V60, XC60, V70, XC70 and S80 | ACC also includes automatic braking. Newest models feature full power auto-brake with pedestrian and cyclist detection. | | |}

=== Mercedes Distronic Plus === [[File:Mercedes-Benz S 450 4MATIC, IAA 2017, Frankfurt (1Y7A2976).jpg|thumb|Mercedes-Benz S 450 4MATIC Coupe. The forward-facing Distronic sensors are usually placed behind the Mercedes-Benz logo and front grille.]]

In 1999, Mercedes introduced Distronic, the first radar-assisted adaptive system, on the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W220)<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.daimler.com/dccom/0-5-658451-1-1767861-1-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html |title=Innovation as a tradition|date=27 November 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141229221136/http://www.daimler.com/dccom/0-5-658451-1-1767861-1-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html |archive-date=29 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the CL-Class.<ref name="auto2"/> Distronic adjusts the vehicle speed automatically to the car in front in order to always maintain a safe distance to other cars on the road.

In 2005, Mercedes refined the system ("Distronic Plus") making the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W221) the first car to receive the upgraded system. Distronic Plus could now completely halt the car if necessary on most sedans. In an episode of ''Top Gear'', Jeremy Clarkson demonstrated the effectiveness of the system by coming to a complete halt from motorway speeds to a round-about and getting out, without touching the pedals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clarkson |first=Jeremy|title=Radar Guided Cruise Control|date=4 July 2009|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eU83G3OaJuU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/eU83G3OaJuU |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|access-date=11 July 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In 2016, Mercedes introduced Active Brake Assist 4, the first emergency braking assistant with pedestrian recognition.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://media.daimler.com/marsMediaSite/ko/en/12367326|title=Mercedes-Benz Trucks: Safety: New assistance systems: Active Brake Assist 4 emergency: braking assistant featuring pedestrian recognition and: Sideguard Assist|last=Daimler AG|date=2016|website=media.daimler.com|language=en-EN|access-date=11 July 2017}}</ref>

One crash caused by Distronic Plus dates to 2005, when the German news magazine ''Stern'' was testing Mercedes' original Distronic system. During the test, the system did not always manage to brake in time.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=http://www.stern.de/tv/stern-tv---rtl-mercedes-s-klasse--panne-bei-crash-test-3290156.html |title=Mercedes S-Klasse: Panne bei Crash-Test|date=16 November 2005|work=Stern|access-date=11 July 2017|language=de-DE}}</ref> Ulrich Mellinghoff, then Head of Safety, NVH, and Testing at the Mercedes-Benz Technology Centre, stated that some tests failed because the vehicle was tested in a metallic hall, which caused problems with radar. Later iterations received an upgraded radar and other sensors, which are not disrupted by a metallic environment.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite press release |title=Pedestrian protection: Not just a question of compliance with crash-test regulations for Mercedes-Benz |url=http://media.daimler.com/marsMediaSite/en/instance/ko/Pedestrian-protection-Not-just-a-question-of-compliance-with-crash-test-regulations-for-Mercedes-Benz.xhtml?oid=9905174 |website=media.daimler.com |access-date=11 July 2017}}</ref> In 2008, Mercedes conducted a study comparing the crash rates of Distronic Plus vehicles and vehicles without it, and concluded that those equipped with Distronic Plus have an around 20% lower crash rate.<ref>{{cite web |last=Philips |first=T. |date=10 June 2008 |title=Mercedes-Benz Accident Study Shows 20 Percent of Rear End Collisions Can Be Avoided With Distronic Plus and Brake Assist Plus |url=http://www.emercedesbenz.com/Jun08/10_001188_Mercedes_Benz_Accident_Study_Shows_20_Percent_Of_Rear_End_Collisions_Can_Be_Avoided_With_DISTRONIC_PLUS_And_Brake_Assist_Plus.html |website=emercedesbenz.com |access-date=11 July 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150924000057/http://www.emercedesbenz.com/Jun08/10_001188_Mercedes_Benz_Accident_Study_Shows_20_Percent_Of_Rear_End_Collisions_Can_Be_Avoided_With_DISTRONIC_PLUS_And_Brake_Assist_Plus.html|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref>

== Aftermarket == {{Main|openpilot}}

For some models of cars, Comma.ai offers an aftermarket alternative to factory-built ACC systems through its openpilot software paired with Comma hardware.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=January 7, 2020 |title=Comma.ai launches Comma Two, a $999 kit that imbues cars with assisted driving features |url=https://venturebeat.com/technology/comma-ai-launches-comma-two-a-999-kit-that-imbues-cars-with-assisted-driving-features |access-date=1 March 2026 |website=VentureBeat}}</ref> When installed in a compatible vehicle, OpenPilot replaces or adds to existing ADAS features.<ref>{{Cite web |last=VanderWerp |first=Dave |date=2020-02-10 |title=Is a $1000 Aftermarket Add-On as Capable as Tesla's Autopilot and Cadillac's Super Cruise? |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a30341053/self-driving-technology-comparison/ |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Car and Driver |language=en-US}}</ref> This effectively brings Level-2 capabilities to some cars that originally did not have them.<ref name=":16" />

== References == {{Reflist|30em}}

== External links == * smart Europe. (2024, 7. März). smart #1 & #3 - Tutorial Adaptive Cruise Control. YouTube. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5rs-gtcU58 smart #1 & #3 - Tutorial Adaptive Cruise Control] * [https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo41578 Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control: Human Factors Analysis]—Federal Highway Administration

{{DEFAULTSORT:Autonomous Cruise Control System}} Category:Advanced driver assistance systems Category:Automotive technology tradenames