Amarna letter EA 39

thumb|right|340px|EA 38, ''Obverse'' <br>(high-resolution expandable photo [[File:Amarna letter fragment, from King Tushratta of Mitanni to Queen Tiy (Teye) of Egypt, matching fragment in_British_Museum - Oriental Institute Museum,_University_of Chicago - DSC07018.JPG|thumb|right|340px|Amarna letter EA 26, fragment (Obverse). <br>(high-resolution expandable photo)]]

'''Amarna letter EA 39''', titled: ''"Duty-Free"'',<ref>Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' EA 39, ''"Duty-Free"'', p. 112.</ref> is a fairly short letter from the King of Alashiya (modern Cyprus). Almost half the letter, Para I, is a shortened ''greeting formula''. The letter is requesting the Pharaoh to let messengers pass freely, as they are also being represented as merchants; this also applies to their shipping.

The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, about 1350 BC and 20–25 years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the body of letters.

==The letter==

===EA 39: ''"Duty-Free"''=== EA 39, letter number six of seven, from Alashiya. (Not a linear, line-by-line translation.)<ref>Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' EA 39, ''"A Brotherly Quarrel"'', p. 112.</ref>

''Obverse'' (see here: [https://cdli.ucla.edu/dl/lineart/P270978_l.jpg])

:(Lines 1-9)&ndash;'''Say to the king of Egypt, my [brother]er: Message of the king of Alašiya, your brother. For me all goes well, and for you may all go well. For your household, your chief wives, your sons'''¹ '''your wives, your chariots, your many horses, and in Egypt-(Mizri), your country, may all go very well.'''

:''Paragraph II''

:(10-13)&ndash;'''My brother, let my messengers go promptly and safely so that I may hear my brother's greeting.'''

:''Paragraph III''

:(14-20)&ndash;'''these men are my merchants. My brother, let them go safely and prom[pt]ly. No one making a claim in your name is to approach my merchants of my ship.'''²

:''Reverse'' (see here: [https://cdli.ucla.edu/dl/lineart/P270978_l.jpg])

:&ndash;(uninscribed ''reverse'', with a single line of written ink hieratic text)&ndash;(complete EA 39, minor lacunae, lines 1-20)

<!-- ==Akkadian text== Text: Akkadian language, sumerograms, Egyptianisms, etc.<ref>[http://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view_new.php?ObjectID=P270927] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504064201/http://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view_new.php?ObjectID=P270927 |date=2015-05-04 }} Line Drawing, cuneiform, and Akkadian, Sumerograms, etc, EA 100: Obverse & Reverse, CDLI no. P270927 (''Chicago Digital Library Initiative'')</ref>

Akkadian:

Obverse: <br>Paragraph I (see here: [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collectionimages/AN00312//AN00312255_001_l.jpg]) :(Line 1)--Ṭup-pí an-nu-ú,.. ṭup-pí--(Tablet this,.. tablet- ) :(2)^URU-IR-Qa-Ta,.. a-na ^QuoteLUGAL-ri--(-^City-state-Irqata-(Arqa),.. to (the)-^QuoteKing!.. ) :(3)--EN-nu^Unquote,.. um-ma,.. ^URU-IR-Qa-Ta a-na--(Lord-Ours^Unquote,.. "message thus",.. ^City-state-Irqata!..-- ) :(4)--ù LÚ.MEŠ ši-bu(!)-ti-ši,..--(--and MEN(pl) ''elders'',.. ) :(5)--ana GÌR.MEŠ,.. ^Quote-LUGAL-ri EN-nu^Unquote,..--(at (the) Feet(pl),.. "King-Lord-Ours",.. ) :(6)--7 šu,.. 7 ta-an-ni,.. am-qú-ut!..--(7 times,.. (and) 7 'times again',.. ''we bow!'',.. ) :(7)--ana EN(=Bēlu)-nu,.. An-UTU,.. umma--(..to Lord-Ours,.. ^God-"Sun-God",.. "message thus"-(of) -- ) :(8)--^URU-IR-Qa-Ta!.. "i-de ŠÀ(=lìb)-bi"--(..^City-Irqata!.. .."Know (in the)-HEART (of the)" -- ) :(9)--LUGAL EN,.. i-nu-ma ni-na-ṣa-ru--( --King-Lord!.. .."Now (-at-this-time)" (we) 'Watch-Guard' -- ) :(10)--^URU-IR-Qa-Ta,.. ana ša-šu!...--(^City-Irqata,.. for Him!....(i.e. for the Pharaoh) )

:(Line 1)--(Ṭuppu annû,.. ṭuppu- ) :(2)--(-^City-Irqata,.. to ^QuoteLUGAL(=ŠÀR-ru)- ) :(3)--(-Bēlu-nu^Unquote,.. "umma",.. ^City-Irqata!.. ) :(4)--(ù LÚ.MEŠ-(šību)"the elders"!.. ) :(5)--(ana šêpu(meš),.. "LUGAL(=ŠÀR-ru)-Bēlu-nu",.. ) :(6)--(7 šu (ù) 7 ta-an-ni, maqātu!.. ) :(7)--(ana Bēlu-nu,.. ^d-UTU,.. umma --) :(8)--(^City-Irqata!.. .."Idû (in the)-ŠÀ(=lìb)-bi (=libbu)" -- ) :(9)--(LUGAL EN!.. ..Inūma(=enūma) naṣāru -- ) :(10)--(-^City-Irqata,.. ana šâšu!.... )

:segue: :Paragraph II :(11)--I-nu-ma yu-wa-ši-ra,.. LUGAL,..--("Now-(at-this-time)",.. sent,.. (the) King- ) :(12)--EN-nu,.. 1.diš-DUMU-''Bi-Ha-A'',.. Ù--(..-Lord-Ours,.. 1.-DUMU(son(=compatriot))-''Bi-Ha-A'',.. And,.. ) :(13)--yi-iq-bi,.. ana ia-ši-nu--(..He said,.. to us,.. ) :(14)--^QuoteUmma LUGAL,.. Ú-ṣa-ru-mi--(^Quote"Message thus" (the) King,.. ''Guard!''.. ) :(15)--^URU-IR-Qa-Ta!..^Unquote .. DUMU.MEŠ,.. )--(^City-state-''Irqata!''^Unquote.. "Sons"(Compatriots),.. ) :(16)--LÚ-ša-ri LUGAL-ri--(of the traitor,.. (of the)King,.. ) :(17)--tu-ba-ú-na-nu!..--("seek harm"(attack/'to rise up')!.. ) :(18)--^URU-IR-Qa-Ta,.. tu-a-[-ú!.. ]--(^City-Irqata,.. "seeks loyalty"!..(="to be good") )

:(11)--(Inūma aṣû/uššuru,.. LUGAL(=ŠÀR-ru)- ) :(12)--(Bēlu-nu,.. 1. DUMU-''Bi-Ha-A'',.. Ù,.. ) :(13)--(..qabû,.. ana iāši,.. ) :(14)--(^Quote"Umma" (the) LUGAL: ''Naṣāru!.. ) :(15)--(^City-''Irqata!''..^Unquote .. DUMU.MEŠ (of),.. ) :(16)--(LÚ-ša-ri,.. (of the)-Šarru,.. ) :(17)--(tebû-("us")!.. ) :(18)--(^City-Irqata,.. tâbu!... )

:segue: :Paragraph III :(19)--Ki-ta a-na,.. LUGAL-ri,..(As to(Whether),.. King,.. ) :(20)--i-nu-ma,.. na-ad-nu [ x a-na,.. --("Now-(at-this-time)",.. "having given"("to throw/cast"),.. (x="silver"),.. to,.. ) :(21)--^KUR-Sú-Ba-Ri,.. qa-du,..(^Land-Subaru,.. "handed over",.. ) :(22)--(3x(u) ANŠE.KUR.RA.MEŠ [ (ù) ^giš-GIGIR.MEŠ ]--(30 Horses [ (and) chariots ],.. )

:(19)--(Kī ana,.. LUGAL-ri(ŠÀR-ri),.. ) :(20)--(inūma,.. nadû [ x ana ],.. ) :(21)--(^KUR-Su-Ba-Ri,.. qātu.. ) :(22)--(30 ANŠE.KUR.RA.MEŠ [ (ù) (GIŠ).GIGIR.MEŠ ],.. )

:(end Obverse) Reverse: (see here: [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collectionimages/AN00312//AN00312259_001_l.jpg]) :Paragraph III (cont.) :(23)--Ti-de,.. ŠÀ(=lìb)-bi ^URU-IR-Qa-Ta!..(..Know,.. (the) mind(=heart) (of)-^City-Irqata!.. ) :segue: :(24)--I-nu-ma,.. ka-ši-id -- (.."Now-(when)",.. "arrived"("emplaced"),.. ) :(25)--ṭup-pí,.. LUGAL ^QuoteA-na ša-[ -ha-at ]--(..tablet (of the) King,.. ^Quote"To Raid"("to strip") -- ) :(26)--KUR,.. ša ìl-qú LÚ.MEŠ GAZ,.. [ ištu ]--(LAND,.. which "taken" (by) LÚ.MEŠ-("Habiru")(gaz),.. [ from ]) :(27)--LUGAL-ri,..^Unquote i-te₉-ep-pi-[ -šu ]--( (the) King,..^Unquote "waging war"("attack"-ing) -- ) :(28)--nu-KÙR,.. it-ti-nu,.. ana KÙR--(..(in) War(fare),.. "with-us"(against-us),.. by (the)ENEMY,.. ) :(29)--EN-nu,.. LÚ ti-ìš-ta-[ -pár-šu ]--( (of) Lord-Ours,.. (The)-MAN,.. "emplaced",.. ) :(30)--UGU-nu,.. adi ni-na-ṣa-ru,.. ki--("OVER-us",.. "until" "guarding",.. "as if" ) :segue: :(31)--yi-ìš-mé,.. LUGAL-ru EN-nu,.. (Hear("Listen"),.. King-Lord-Ours,.. ) :(32)--a-wa-te,.. ARAD.MEŠ ki-ti-šu,.. ((the) 'words'("explanations") (of) SERVANT-S(pl)-yours!.. )

:(23)--(..Idû,.. (the) ŠÀ(=lìb)(=heart) (of)-^City-Irqata!.. ) :segue: :(24)--(Inūma,.. kašādu -- ) :(25)--(ṭuppu LUGAL(ŠÀRru),.. ^QuoteAna Šahāṭu -- ) :(26)--(KUR,.. ša leqû (by) LÚ.MEŠ "Habiru"(gaz),.. ištu -- ) :(27)--( ŠÀR-ri(Šarru),..^Unquote tabû -- ) :(28)--(nukurtu,..itti-nu,.. ana nukurtu -- ) :(29)--(Bēlu-nu,.. "emplaced" -- ) :(30)--(--UGU-nu(eli/muhhi-nu),.. adi naṣāru,.. kî,.. ) :segue: :(31)--(Hear("Listen"),.. King-Lord-Ours,.. ) :(32)--((the) amatu,.. ARAD.MEŠ-kâti!.. )

:Paragraph IV :(33)--Ù,.. ia-di-na,.. NÍG-BA,.. ( ..And,.. (may) he ("grant"))"know",.. GIFTS,.. ) :(34)--ana ARAD-šu,.. ù,.. ti-da-ga-lu,.. (to SERVANTS-his,.. and,.. (see)"to look",.. ) :(35)--LÚ.MEŠ, a-ia-bu-nu ù,.. (MEN(pl), "enemies"?,.. and,.. ) :(36)--ti-ka-lu ep-ra!... ša-ri--(..Eat Dirt!.. (May the)-Breath,.. ) :(37)--LUGAL-ri,.. ú-ul ti-na-mu-uš--(..(of the) King,.. Not "depart"(leave),.. ) :(38)--iš-tu mu-hi-nu,..--(from "upon us"!.. ) :(39)--a-bu-la nu-ú-du-lu,.. a-di,..((The)-"City-Gate" "is barred",.. until,.. ) :(40)--ka-ša-di,.. ša-ri--(..("emplaced")"Returned,.. (the)-Breath,.. ) :(41)--LUGAL,.. ana ia-ši-nu (..(of the) King,.. for Us!.. ) :segue: :(42)--kal-ga,.. nu-KÚR,.. UGU-nu!.. (..("All")Severe,.. Warfare,.. UPON-us!.. ) :(43)--[ ma-]-GAL!.. ma-GAL!.. ("Strongly",.. "Strongly",.. (Terribly!.. Terribly!...) )

:(33)--( ..Ù,.. idû?,.. NÍG-BA,.. ) :(34)--(ana ARAD-šu,.. ǜ,.. dagālu,.. ) :(35)--(LÚ.MEŠ(pl), a-ia-bu-nu,.. ù,.. ) :(36)--(akālu eperu!... Šāru,.. ) :(37)--(LUGAL-ri(ŠÀR-ri),.. ul tamû,.. ) :(38)--(ištu muhhu!... ) :(39)--(Abullu xxx,.. adi ) :(40)--(kašāda,.. šāru,.. ) :(41)--(LUGAL,.. ana iāši-nu,.. ) :segue: :(42)--(kalu,.. nukurtu,.. UGU-nu,.. ) :(43)--(magal!.. magal!... )-->

==See also== *Amarna letters–phrases and quotations<!--, for: '''"'''7 times and 7 times, ''"on the back and on the stomach"''.'''"'''-->

==External links== *[https://cdli.ucla.edu/dl/lineart/P270978_l.jpg Line drawing of EA 39, Obverse & Reverse] *[https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Text&ObjectID=P270978 Line Drawing, cuneiform, and Akkadian, EA 205: Obverse & Reverse], CDLI no. P270978 (''Chicago Digital Library Initiative'') *[https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Line&requestFrom=Search&PrimaryPublication=&Author=&PublicationDate=&SecondaryPublication=&Collection=&AccessionNumber=&MuseumNumber=&Provenience=akhetaten&ExcavationNumber=&Period=&DatesReferenced=&ObjectType=&ObjectRemarks=&Material=&TextSearch=&TranslationSearch=&CommentSearch=&StructureSearch=&Language=&Genre=&SubGenre=&CompositeNumber=&SealID=&ObjectID=&ATFSource=&CatalogueSource=&TranslationSource= CDLI listing of all EA Amarna letters, 1-382]

==References== {{reflist}} <!--*Buccellati, Giorgio. ''Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian'', from ''Ugarit-Forschungen 8'', (Neukirchen-Vluyen).--> *Moran, William L. ''The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. (softcover, {{ISBN|0-8018-6715-0}})

<!--* Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp.&nbsp;119–145), 165 pages.--> <!--*Ugarit Forschungen (Neukirchen-Vluyn). UF-11 (1979) honors Claude Schaeffer, with about 100 articles in 900 pages. pp 95, ff, "Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian", ( i.e. Ugarit and Amarna (letters), three others, Mari, OB,Royal, OB,non-Royal letters). See above, in text.-->

<!--*Rainey, 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' Anson F. Rainey, (AOAT 8, ''Alter Orient Altes Testament 8'', Kevelaer and Neukirchen -Vluyen), 1970, 107 pages.--> <!--*Held, Schmalstieg, Gertz, 1987. ''Beginning Hittite''. Warren H. Held, Jr, William R. Schmalstieg, Janet E. Gertz, c. 1987, Slavica Publishers, Inc. w/ Glossaries, Sign List, Indexes, etc, 218 pages.--> <!--*Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0) * Metropolitan Museum of Art. ''Cuneiform Texts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: Tablets, Cones, and Bricks of the Third and Second Millennia B.C.,'' vol. 1 (New York, 1988). The final section (Bricks) of the book concerns cylinder Seals, with a foreword describing the purpose of the section as to instigate Research into cylinder Seals. The 'cylinder sealing' on the bricks, was done multiple times per brick. Some are of high quality, and some are not. (Also contains the only 2 el Amarna letters, in the USA, with Analysis.) * Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp.&nbsp;119–145), 165 pages. *Rainey, 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' Anson F. Rainey, (AOAT 8, ''Alter Orient Altes Testament 8'', Kevelaer and Neukirchen -Vluyen), 1970, 107 pages.--> <!--*Held, Schmalstieg, Gertz, 1987. ''Beginning Hittite''. Warren H. Held, Jr, William R. Schmalstieg, Janet E. Gertz, c. 1987, Slavica Publishers, Inc. w/ Glossaries, Sign List, Indexes, etc, 218 pages.--> <!--*Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0) * Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp.&nbsp;119–145), 165 pages. *Rainey, 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' Anson F. Rainey, (AOAT 8, ''Alter Orient Altes Testament 8'', Kevelaer and Neukirchen -Vluyen), 1970, 107 pages.--> <!--

*Held, Schmalstieg, Gertz, 1987. ''Beginning Hittite''. Warren H. Held, Jr, William R. Schmalstieg, Janet E. Gertz, c. 1987, Slavica Publishers, Inc. w/ Glossaries, Sign List, Indexes, etc, 218 pages. *Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)

<ref>Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' EA 147, ''A Hymn to the Pharaoh'', pp. 233-235. </ref>

* Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp.&nbsp;119–145), 165 pages. *Rainey, 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' Anson F. Rainey, (AOAT 8, ''Alter Orient Altes Testament 8'', Kevelaer and Neukirchen -Vluyen), 1970, 107 pages.

SIGN <ref>Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Sign List, pp. 155-165, no. 068, p. 156.</ref> <ref>Rainey, 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' Glossary:Vocabulary, pp. 55-87, p. 24.</ref> <ref>Rainey, 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' ''EA 365, Biridiya of Megiddo to the King,'' pp. 24-27.</ref>

GLOSS<ref>Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Glossary, pp. 119-145, '''aššum''', p. 122.</ref> CCCCCCCCC

GLOSS-RAINEY <ref>Rainey, 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379'', ''Glossary:Vocabulary'', '''saparu''', pp. 55-87, p. 81.</ref>

GLOSS-Buccellati <ref>Buccellati, Giorgio, (Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979). ''Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian'', pp. 95-100, Graph, p. 96.</ref>

UUU-FFFORS *Ugarit Forschungen (Neukirchen-Vluyn). UF-11 (1979) honors Claude Schaeffer, with about 100 articles in 900 pages. pp 95, ff, "Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian", ( i.e. Ugarit and Amarna (letters), three others, Mari, OB,Royal, OB,non-Royal letters). See above, in text. *Buccellati, Giorgio. ''Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian'', from ''Ugarit-Forschungen 8'', (Neukirchen-Vluyen). *Rainey, 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' Anson F. Rainey, (AOAT 8, ''Alter Orient Altes Testament 8'', Kevelaer and Neukirchen -Vluyen), 1970, 107 pages.

<ref>Held, Schmalstieg, Gertz, 1987. ''Beginning Hittite'', Sign List, page 194, page 200.</ref>

Amarna letter mp3h8878.jpg

File:Tablet Zimri-Lim Louvre AO20161.jpg

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Category:Alashiya Category:Amarna letters