{{Short description|Roman town which became Cambridge}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}} [[File:Cambridge_Castle_1575.png|thumb|upright=1.5|1575 engraving showing the site of Duroliponte between Cambridge Castle and the bridge]] '''Duroliponte''' or '''Durolipons''' was a small town in the Roman province of Britannia on the site of what is now the city of Cambridge.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/79436 |title=Places: 79436 (Duroliponte) |author=Esmonde Cleary, A. |access-date=6 April 2017|publisher=Pleiades}}</ref>

The site of Roman Cambridge is located on Castle Hill, just northwest of the city centre. The fort ({{langx|la|castrum}}) was bounded on two sides by the lines formed by the present Mount Pleasant, continuing across Huntingdon Road into Clare Street. The eastern side followed Magrath Avenue, with the southern side running near to Chesterton Lane and Kettle's Yard before turning northwest at Honey Hill.<ref>{{cite book | last=Gray |first=Ronald D |author2=Stubbings, Derek | title= Cambridge Street-Names: Their Origins and Associations | url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgestreetn00gray | url-access=limited |publisher=Cambridge University Press | date=2000 | location=Cambridge | pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgestreetn00gray/page/n23 2]–3|isbn=9780521789561 }}</ref>

It was originally an Iron Age hillfort in which the Romans may have constructed a small military station about AD&nbsp;70. The settlement seems to have become civilian in nature around fifty years later. Most of the buildings discovered so far were of timber construction. They had both tiled and thatched roofs and some had painted plaster internal walls. Only one stone building has been located. The town went into decline during the 3rd century, but expanded after its walled defences were put in place a hundred years later. There were four gates and a cemetery to the south. Occupation seems to have continued until the Roman departure from Britain around 410, but it has been identified as the {{nowrap|'''Cair Grauth'''}}<ref name=mommy>Nennius ({{abbr|attrib.|Traditional attribution}}). Theodor Mommsen ({{abbr|ed.|Editor}}). ''Historia Brittonum'', VI. Composed after AD&nbsp;830. {{in lang|la}} Hosted at Latin Wikisource.</ref> listed among the 28 cities of Britain by the ''History of the Britons''<ref name=nashford>Ford, David Nash. "[http://www.britannia.com/history/ebk/articles/nenniuscities.html The 28 Cities of Britain] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415120312/http://www.britannia.com/history/ebk/articles/nenniuscities.html |date=15 April 2016 }}" at Britannia. 2000.</ref>{{refn|Although note that Bishop Ussher believed that listing to refer to the Cambridge in Gloucestershire.<ref name=shusher>Newman, John Henry &&nbsp;al. [http://www.mocavo.co.uk/Lives-of-the-English-Saints-St-Gilbert-Prior-of-Sempringham-Volume-3/527392/459 ''Lives of the English Saints: St. German, Bishop of Auxerre'', Ch.&nbsp;X: "Britain in 429, A.&nbsp;D.",<!--sic--> p.&nbsp;92.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321234154/http://www.mocavo.co.uk/Lives-of-the-English-Saints-St-Gilbert-Prior-of-Sempringham-Volume-3/527392/459 |date=21 March 2016 }} James Toovey (London), 1844.</ref>}} and the invading Saxons had begun occupying the area by the end of the century.<ref>{{cite book | last = Burnham | first = Barry C |author2=Wacher, John | title = The Small Towns of Roman Britain | publisher = B T Batsford | date = 1990 | location = London}}</ref>

The settlement was served by the River Cam (then still known as the Granta) and two Roman roads: Akeman Street ran from Ermine Street north east through Cambridge to The Fens and the Via Devana ran northwest through the town on its way to Godmanchester.

==References== {{reflist|2}}

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Category:History of Cambridge Category:Roman towns and cities in England Category:Populated places established in the 1st century