Duke of Rutland

{{short description|Title in the Peerage of England}} {{redirect|Baron Roos|the Barons Roos of Helmsley|Baron de Ros}} {{redirect|Marquis of Granby|the London pub|The Marquis of Granby}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}} {{Infobox nobility title | name = Dukedom of Rutland | image = 150px 180px|Blazon: Or, two bars Azure, a chief quarterly, 1st and 4th Azure, two Fleurs-de-Lys Or, 2nd and 3rd Gules, a lion passant guardant Or. | image_size = | alt = | caption = Arms of Manners: ''Or, two bars azure a chief quarterly azure and gules; in the 1st and 4th quarters two fleurs-de-lis and in the 2nd and 3rd a lion passant guardant or'' | creation_date = 29 March 1703 | creation = | monarch = Anne | peerage = Peerage of England | baronetage = | first_holder = John Manners | last_holder = | present_holder = David Manners, 11th Duke | heir_apparent = Charles Manners, Marquess of Granby | heir_presumptive = | remainder_to = | subsidiary_titles = Marquess of Granby Earl of Rutland Lord Manners of Haddon Baron Manners Baron Roos | status = | extinction_date = | family_seat = Belvoir Castle Haddon Hall | former_seat = | motto = ''Pour y parvenir'' ("So as to accomplish") | footnotes = }}

'''Duke of Rutland''' is a title in the Peerage of England, named after Rutland, a county in the East Midlands of England. Earldoms named after Rutland have been created three times; the ninth earl of the third creation was made duke in 1703, in whose family's line the title continues. The heir apparent to the dukedom has the privilege of using the courtesy title of '''Marquess of Granby'''.<ref name="burke">{{cite book |title= Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood|publisher=Burke's Peerage & Gentry |editor= Mosley, Charles |edition=107 |year= 2003 |pages=3446–3451 |ref=Burke |isbn=0-9711966-2-1}}</ref>

==Earldom of Rutland==

===First creation=== The title '''Earl of Rutland''' was created on 25 February 1390 for Edward of Norwich (1373–1415), son of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and grandson of King Edward III. Upon the Duke's death in 1402 Edward became Duke of York. The title became extinct upon Edward of Norwich's death at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415.<ref name="burke"/>

===Second creation=== The title '''Earl of Rutland''' was created for a second time on 29 January 1446 for Edmund (1443–1460), second son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York (and younger brother of the future King Edward IV).<ref name="burke"/>

===Third creation=== Thomas Manners (c. 1488–1543), son of the 11th Baron de Ros, was created '''Earl of Rutland''' in the Peerage of England in 1525. He was the great-grandson of Richard Plantagenet. The barony of 'de Ros' (sometimes spelt Ros, Roos or de Roos) was created by Simon de Montfort with a writ of summons to the House of Lords for Robert de Ros (1223–1285) in 1264. The title may pass through the female line when there is no male heir, and accordingly, when the 3rd Earl, Edward Manners (c. 1548–1587), left no sons, the barony of Ros passed to the family of his daughter Elizabeth (died 1591) who became the wife of the 2nd Earl of Exeter. The 3rd Earl was succeeded as the 4th Earl by his brother John (died 1588). The barony of Ros was restored to the Manners family when Francis Manners, the 6th Earl (1578–1632), inherited it in 1618 from his cousin William Cecil (1590–1618). However, Francis died without male issue and the assumption of the courtesy title of Lord Ros for the eldest son of subsequent earls appears to have had no legal basis.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} On the death of the seventh Earl in 1641 the Earldom passed to his distant cousin John Manners of Haddon Hall, grandson of the second son of the first Earl.

==Dukedom of Rutland== [[File:Belvoir Castle 13 2012-07-06 cropped.jpg|thumb|262px|The 8th Duke of Rutland's banner as Knight of the Garter, now on display at Belvoir Castle]] In 1703, the ninth Earl of Rutland was created '''Duke of Rutland''' and '''Marquess of Granby''' by Queen Anne.

===Marquess of Granby=== The most notable Marquess of Granby was John Manners (1721–1770), eldest son of the third Duke. He was an accomplished soldier and highly popular figure of his time; in 1745 he became a colonel; his military career flourished during the Seven Years' War.

At the Battle of Minden (1 August 1759), although his role was small, he commanded the reserve cavalry. In 1760, at the Battle of Warburg, he led a cavalry charge which routed the French, losing his hat and wig in the process. In recognition of this, soldiers of the Blues and Royals (his former regiment) have the unique privilege in the British Army of being permitted to salute while not wearing headgear. Granby's losing his helmet and wig in the charge gave rise to the expression 'going bald-headed' at something.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/letters/10234386/A-toast-to-John-Manners-the-hatless-Marquis.html|title=A toast to John Manners, the hatless Marquis|date=10 August 2013|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref>

In 1758, the King made him Colonel of the Royal Horse Guards and in 1766, as Lieutenant-General, he became Commander-in-Chief (a basically political appointment). His title was honoured by being used by a large number of pubs throughout Britain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/11th-november-1899/18/the-marquis-of-granby-mr-mannerss-life-of-the-marq|title=THE MARQUIS OF GRANBY.* MR. MANNERS'S Life of the Marquis|work=The Spectator Archive}}</ref> As Colonel, he provided for his most capable soldiers such that when they could no longer be of service to the Regiment, he would give them financial support to start a pub, the sole condition being that the pub was to be named "The Marquis of Granby" after him.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Early|first1=Chas|title=The Red Lion, the Crown and the Marquis of Granby: What are the stories behind Britain's most popular pub names?|url=http://home.bt.com/lifestyle/travel/what-are-the-stories-behind-britains-most-popular-pub-names-11364108713430|access-date=2 January 2017|work=BT.com|date=1 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Barry|title=Dictionary of World Biography: Third edition|date=2016|publisher=ANU Press|isbn=9781760460105|page=347|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KhEhDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA347|access-date=2 January 2017|language=en}}</ref> The towns of Granby, Quebec in Canada and Granby, Massachusetts and Granby, Connecticut in the United States as well as Granby Street in Norfolk, Virginia, USA were also named after him. So too were two forts, Fort Granby, in Tobago, and Fort Granby in South Carolina.

He died before his father, and therefore did not become Duke.

===Subsidiary titles=== The subsidiary titles of the dukedom are: '''Marquess of Granby''' (created 1703), '''Earl of Rutland''' (1525), '''Baron Manners''', of Haddon in the County of Derby (1679), and '''Baron Roos of Belvoir''', of Belvoir in the County of Leicester (1896). The title ''Baron Roos of Belvoir'' is in the Peerage of the United Kingdom; the remaining titles being in the Peerage of England. The most senior subsidiary title, ''Marquess of Granby'', is the courtesy title used by the Duke's eldest son and heir.

===Family seat=== [[File:Haddon Hall.jpg|thumb|262px|Haddon Hall, Nether Haddon, Derbyshire]] [[File:Belvoirmorris edited.jpg|thumb|262px|Belvoir Castle in the late 19th century]] The Manners family own medieval Haddon Hall, Derbyshire and Belvoir Castle, Leicestershire that were successively extended and rebuilt until the 19th century. Some rooms in both buildings are open to the public.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1334982|desc=Haddon Hall|grade=I|access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> They are Grade I in architecture, set in listed parks, woodland and gardens and span a central water feature, which acted as models for other landscaped estates.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1360870|desc=Belvoir Castle|grade=I|access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref>

In 2009, to mark 500 years of the occupancy of Belvoir Castle by the family, two aircraft from RAF Cranwell, Lincolnshire, bore the Duke's coat of arms. On 11 June 2009, the Duke visited the station to see the aircraft: a King Air from 45 (Reserve) Sqn and a Dominie from 55 (Reserve) Sdn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.belvoircastle.com/500anniversary.asp |title=Belvoir Castle |access-date=21 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826010408/http://www.belvoircastle.com/500anniversary.asp |archive-date=26 August 2010 }} accessed 21 July 2010</ref>

==== London residences ==== During much of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the London residence of the Dukes of Rutland was Rutland House, located at 16 Arlington Street, Piccadilly. John Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland first leased the house in 1826, and each successive Duke maintained their London household at Rutland House until the death of Henry Manners, 8th Duke of Rutland in 1925.<ref name="Sale of 16 Arlington Street 1934" /> His interest in the house was inherited by his widow, Violet Manners, Duchess of Rutland, although she did not occupy the property after her husband’s death. In March 1934 Violet sold 16 Arlington Street to the Royal Over-Seas League for £70,000;<ref name="Sale of 16 Arlington Street 1934"> "Duke's London House for Club - £70,000 Deal" Newspapers.com, The Daily Telegraph, Page 8, 2 April 1934, https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph-dukes-london-house/194500382/</ref> during her widowhood her London home was No. 34 Chapel Street, Belgravia.<ref>"Violet, Duchess of Rutland - 34 Chapel Street Belgravia" Newspapers.com, The Daily Telegraph, Page 15, 2 November 1934, https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph-violet-duchess-of-r/194502613/</ref>

Their son John Manners, Marquess of Granby had leased a detached London house at 87 Avenue Road, Regent’s Park from 1920,<ref>"87 Avenue Road, Regent's Park - Marquis and Marchioness of Granby" Newspapers.com, The Daily Telegraph, Page 13, 7 January 1924, https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph-87-avenue-road-rege/194502665/</ref> and continued to use this house as his London residence after he succeeded as the 9th Duke of Rutland in 1925. In May 1937 the 9th Duke and his wife Kathleen Manners, Duchess of Rutland vacated the house at Avenue Road and established their London household at No. 5 Audley Square, Mayfair.<ref>"Duke and Duchess of Rutland move from 87 Avenue Road to 5 Audley Square" Newspapers.com, The Daily Telegraph, Page 17, 4 May 1937, https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph-duke-and-duchess-of/194500480/</ref> The 9th Duke died in 1940, and his widow Kathleen later sold No. 5 Audley Square in early 1944.<ref>"Houses and Estates - A DUCAL LAND SALE" Newspapers.com, The Daily Telegraph, Page 2, 24 January 1944, https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph-houses-and-estates/194500478/</ref>

By 1947 their son Charles Manners, 10th Duke of Rutland had purchased the freehold of a London townhouse at No. 12 Chesterfield Street, Mayfair.<ref>"Duke's home robbed of £6,000 jewels" Newspapers.com, Evening Standard, Page 1, 1 January 1948, https://www.newspapers.com/article/evening-standard-dukes-home-robbed-of/194502805/</ref> He continued to occupy this house until 1954. The 10th Duke sold 12 Chesterfield Street in June 1955,<ref>"A Mayfair freehold" Newspapers.com, Evening Standard, Page 4, 9 June 1955, https://www.newspapers.com/article/evening-standard-a-mayfair-freehold/194500544/</ref> by which time he had purchased a 7-room duplex apartment in Belgrave Place, Belgravia which he maintained as his London residence for several decades.<ref>"Engaged? The Duke Won't Say" Newspapers.com, Daily Mirror, Page 13, 6 March 1958, https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-mirror-engaged-the-duke-wont-say/194503013/</ref> By 1989 the Duke’s apartment in Belgravia Place was being rented out to tenants.<ref>"Taking a few tips from the grand old Duke" Newspapers.com, The Daily Telegraph, 30 January 1999, https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph-taking-a-few-tips-fr/194503034/</ref>

===Burials=== The traditional burial place of the Manners family was St Mary the Virgin's Church, Bottesford in Leicestershire. Since elevation to the dukedom in 1703 most Dukes have been buried in the grounds of the mausoleum at Belvoir Castle. The mausoleum at Belvoir Castle was built by John Henry Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland, following the death of his wife, Elizabeth Howard (1780–1825), daughter of the 5th Earl of Carlisle. After its construction, most of the 18th-century monuments in Belton Church were moved to the mausoleum which then became the family's main place of burial.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmtrust.org.uk/mausolea/view/108/Manners_Mausoleum|title=Manners Mausoleum|work=mmtrust.org.uk}}</ref>

===Literature=== Jorge Luis Borges recalls the duke of Rutland in his story "A Survey of the Works of Herbet Quain" in the book ''The Garden of Forking Paths''.

==Earls of Rutland, first creation (1390)== :''Other titles (1st Duke): Duke of York (1385), Duke of Aumale (1397–1399), Earl of Cambridge (1362–1461), Earl of Cork (c. 1396)'' *Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York (1373–1415), grandson of Edward III

==Earls of Rutland, second creation (1446)== *Edmund, Earl of Rutland (1443–1460), second son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York

==Earls of Rutland, third creation (1525)== :''Other titles (1st–3rd & 6th Earls): Baron de Ros of Helmsley (1299)'' *Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland (c. 1492–1543), son of George Manners, 11th Baron de Ros *Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland (c. 1526–1563), eldest son of the 1st Earl *Edward Manners, 3rd Earl of Rutland (1549–1587), elder son of the 2nd Earl, died without male issue *John Manners, 4th Earl of Rutland (c. 1552–1588), younger son of the 2nd Earl *Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland (1576–1612), eldest son of the 4th Earl, died without issue *Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland, Lord Ros (1578–1632), second son of the 4th Earl, died without male issue *George Manners, 7th Earl of Rutland (1580–1641), third son of the 4th Earl, died without issue *John Manners, 8th Earl of Rutland (1604–1679), great-grandson of the 1st Earl *John Manners, 9th Earl of Rutland (1638–1711), son of the 8th Earl, created Duke of Rutland in 1703

==Dukes of Rutland (1703)== thumb|262px|Coat of Arms of the Dukes of Rutland (1790) thumb|262px|Photo portrait of Charles Manners, 10th Duke of Rutland, taken at Belvoir Castle in 1981 :''Other titles: Marquis of Granby (1703), Earl of Rutland (1525), Baron Manners of Haddon (1679) and Baron Roos of Belvoir (1896)'' *John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland (1638–1711), only son of the 8th Earl *John Manners, 2nd Duke of Rutland (1676–1721), son of the 1st Duke *John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland (1696–1779), eldest son of the 2nd Duke **John Manners, Marquess of Granby (1721–1770), eldest son of the 3rd Duke, predeceased his father **John Manners, Lord Roos (1751–1760), eldest son of Lord Granby, died young *Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland (1754–1787), second son of Lord Granby *John Henry Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland (1778–1857), eldest son of the 4th Duke **George John Henry Manners, Marquis of Granby (1807), eldest son of the 5th Duke, died in infancy **George John Frederick Manners, Marquis of Granby (1813–1814), second son of the 5th Duke, died in infancy *Charles Cecil John Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland (1815–1888), third son of the 5th Duke, died unmarried *John James Robert Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland (1818–1906), fourth son of the 5th Duke *Henry John Brinsley Manners, 8th Duke of Rutland (1852–1925), eldest son of the 7th Duke **Robert Charles John Manners, Lord Haddon (1885–1894), elder son of the 8th Duke, died young *John Henry Montagu Manners, 9th Duke of Rutland (1886–1940), younger son of the 8th Duke *Charles John Robert Manners, 10th Duke of Rutland (1919–1999), eldest son of the 9th Duke *David Charles Robert Manners, 11th Duke of Rutland (born 1959), eldest son of the 10th Duke

The heir apparent is Charles John Montague Manners, Marquess of Granby (born 1999), elder son of the 11th Duke.

{{Collapse top|title={{small|Line of succession (simplified)}}<ref name=DP>{{cite book |year=2019|chapter=Rutland, Duke of |editor1-last=Morris |editor1-first=Susan |editor2-last=Bosberry-Scott |editor2-first=Wendy |editor3-last=Belfield |editor3-first=Gervase |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage|volume=1 |edition=150th |location=London |publisher=Debrett's Ltd. |publication-date=|pages=3065–3069 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn=978-1-999767-0-5-1}}</ref>}} {{tree list}} *15px ''John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland (1696–1779)'' **''John Manners, Marquess of Granby (1721–1770)'' ***''John Manners, Lord Roos (1751–1760)'' ***15px ''Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland (1754–1787)'' ****15px ''John Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland (1778–1857)'' *****''George Manners, Marquess of Granby (1807)'' *****''George Manners, Marquess of Granby (1813–1814)'' *****15px ''Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland (1815–1888)'' *****15px ''John Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland (1818–1906)'' ******15px ''Henry Manners, 8th Duke of Rutland (1852–1925)'' *******''Robert Manners, Lord Haddon (1885–1894)'' *******15px ''John Manners, 9th Duke of Rutland (1886–1940)'' ********15px ''Charles Manners, 10th Duke of Rutland (1919–1999)'' *********15px '''David Manners, 11th Duke of Rutland''' (b. 1959) **********'''(1)''' Charles Manners, Marquess of Granby (b. 1999) **********'''(2)''' Lord Hugo Manners (b. 2003) *********'''(3)''' Lord Edward Manners (b. 1965) **********'''(4)''' Alfred Manners (b. 2013) **********'''(5)''' Vesey Manners (b. 2013) ********''Lord John Manners (1922–2001)'' *********male issue in remainder **''Lord George Manners-Sutton (1723–1783)'' ***''John Manners-Sutton (1752–1826)'' ****''The Revd Frederick Manners Sutton (1784–1826)'' *****''The Revd William Manners-Sutton (1824–1899)'' ******''Frederick Manners-Sutton (1865–1946)'' *******''John Manners-Sutton (1914–2003)'' ********male issue in remainder *** 15px|baseline ''Thomas Manners-Sutton, 1st Baron Manners (1756–1842)'' **** 15px|baseline Barons Manners {{tree list/end}} {{collapse bottom}}

==Coat of arms==

The original coat of arms of the Manners family had a chief of plain ''gules''. The quartered chief, with the fleurs-de-lis of France and lion passant guardant of England, was granted as an augmentation by King Henry VIII to Thomas Manners at the time of his creation as Earl of Rutland, in recognition of his descent in the maternal line from King Edward III.<ref name="England, Scotland p. 656">''The general armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, Comprising a Registry of Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time'' by Sir Bernard Burke, 1884 edition, p. 656.</ref>

{{Infobox COA wide |image = Coat of arms of the duke of Rutland.png |crest = On a Chapeau Gules turned up Ermine a Peacock in its pride proper |coronet = A Coronet of a Duke |escutcheon = Or two Bars Azure a Chief quarterly of the last and Gules, in the first and fourth, two Fleur-de-lis, and in the second and third, a Lion passant guardant, all Or |supporters = On either side a Unicorn Argent armed, maned, tufted and unguled Or |motto = ''Pour Y Parvenir'' ("So as to accomplish it") }}

==Family tree== {{Rutland family tree}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

=== Work cited === * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Rutland, Earls and Dukes of|volume=23|page=943}}

==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100715182958/http://www.belvoircastle.com/index.asp Belvoir Castle website]

{{Extant British dukedoms}} {{British dukedoms}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rutland}} Category:Borough of Melton Category:British landowners Category:Dukedoms in the Peerage of England Category:1525 establishments in England Category:1703 establishments in England Category:Noble titles created in 1703 Category:Dukes of Rutland