List of rulers of Austria

{{Short description|none}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}} {{Infobox former monarchy | royal_title = Margraves, Dukes, Archdukes and Emperors | realm = Austria | coatofarms = Archduchy of Austria COA.svg | coatofarmssize = 150px | coatofarmscaption = '''[[Coat of arms of Austria|Archducal Coat of arms]]''' | first_monarch = [[Leopold I, Margrave of Austria|Leopold I]] {{small|(as margrave)}} | last_monarch = [[Charles I of Austria|Charles I]] {{small|(as emperor)}} | style = '''Archduchy period''': * [[Royal Highness]] * [[Imperial Highness]] | residence = [[Hofburg]], [[Vienna]] {{small|(from the ducal period onwards)}} | appointer = | began = 21 July 976 | ended = 12 November 1918 }}

From 976 until 1246, the [[Margraviate of Austria]] and its successor, the [[Duchy of Austria]], was ruled by the [[House of Babenberg]]. At that time, those states were part of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. From 1246 until 1918, the duchy and its successor, the [[Archduchy of Austria]], was ruled by the [[House of Habsburg]]. Following the defeat and [[Dissolution of Austria-Hungary|dissolution]] of [[Austria-Hungary]] in [[World War I]], the titles were abolished or fell into [[abeyance]] with the establishment of the modern [[Austria|Republic of Austria]].

==Margraves and Dukes of Austria under the House of Babenberg== {{Main|House of Babenberg|Margrave|March of Austria|Duchy of Austria}}

The March of Austria, also known as ''Marcha Orientalis'', was first formed in 976 out of the lands that had once been the [[March of Pannonia]] in [[Carolingian]] times. The oldest attestation dates back to 996, where the written name "ostarrichi" occurs in a document transferring land in present-day Austria to a Bavarian [[monastery]]. In 1156, the [[Privilegium Minus]] elevated the march to a [[duchy]], independent of the [[Duchy of Bavaria]].

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|- ! Name ! Birth<hr/>Death ! Reign ! Ruling part ! Consort ! Notes

|- bgcolor=#FFF | [[File:Leopold I of Babenberg.jpg|100px]] '''[[Leopold I, Margrave of Austria|Leopold I ''the Illustrious'']]''' | {{Circa|940}} {{Small|Son of Berthold of Nordgau or [[Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria]]}}<hr/>10 July 994 [[Würzburg]] {{Small|aged 53–54}} | 21 July 976<hr/>10 July 994 | [[March of Austria]] | [[Richardis of Sualafeldgau]] nine children | Founder of the Babenbergs.

|- bgcolor=#FFF | [[File:Henry I, Margrave of Austria.jpg|100px]] '''[[Henry I, Margrave of Austria|Henry I ''the Strong'']]''' | {{Circa|965}} (?) {{Small|First son of [[Leopold I, Margrave of Austria|Leopold I]] and [[Richardis of Sualafeldgau]]}}<hr/>23 June 1018 {{Small|aged 53–54}} | 10 July 994<hr/>23 June 1018 | [[March of Austria]] | ''Unmarried'' | In his reign (996), the name ''Ostarrichi'' (later ''Osterreich'', Austria) appeared for the first time to designate the land he ruled.

|- bgcolor=#FFF | [[File:AdalbertBabenberg.jpg|100px]] '''[[Adalbert, Margrave of Austria|Adalbert I ''the Victorious'']]''' | {{Circa|985}} {{Small|Third son of [[Leopold I, Margrave of Austria|Leopold I]] and [[Richardis of Sualafeldgau]]}}<hr/>26 May 1055 [[Melk]] {{Small|aged 69–70}} | 23 June 1018<hr/>26 May 1055 | [[March of Austria]] | [[Glismod of West-Saxony]] no children [[Frozza Orseolo]] c.1025? two children | Expanded his Bavarian margraviate to the [[Morava (river)|Morava]] and [[Leitha]] rivers.

|- bgcolor=#FFF | [[File:Stift Heiligenkreuz - Babenbergerfenster 3 Ernst.jpg|100px]] '''[[Ernest, Margrave of Austria|Ernest ''the Brave'']]''' | 1027 {{Small|Son of [[Adalbert, Margrave of Austria|Adalbert I]] and [[Frozza Orseolo]]}}<hr/>10 June 1075 {{Small|aged 47–48}} | 26 May 1055<hr/>10 June 1075 | [[March of Austria]] | [[Adelaide of Eilenburg]] 1060 three children [[Swanhilde of Ungarnmark]] 1072 no children | Expanded his Bavarian margraviate to the [[Morava (river)|Morava]] and [[Leitha]] rivers.

|- bgcolor=#FFF | [[File:Poppo von Trier und Markgraf Leopold.png|100px]] '''[[Leopold II, Margrave of Austria|Leopold II ''the Fair'']]''' | 1050 {{Small|Son of [[Ernest, Margrave of Austria|Ernest]] and [[Adelaide of Eilenburg]]}}<hr/>12 October 1095 [[Gars am Kamp]] {{Small|aged 44–45}} | 10 June 1075<hr/>12 October 1095 | [[March of Austria]] | [[Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg]] 1065 eight children | Supported the [[Gregorian Reforms]], and was an active opponent to [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor]] during the [[Investiture Controversy]].

|- bgcolor=#FFF | [[File:Leopold III Margrave of Austria.jpg|100px]] '''[[Leopold III, Margrave of Austria|Leopold III ''the Saint'']]''' | 1073 [[Gars am Kamp]] {{Small|Son of [[Leopold II, Margrave of Austria|Leopold II]] and [[Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg]]}}<hr/>15 November 1136 [[Klosterneuburg]] {{Small|aged 62–63}} | 12 October 1095<hr/>15 November 1136 | [[March of Austria]] | [[Maria of Perg]] no children [[Agnes of Waiblingen|Agnes of Germany]] 1106 nineteen children | His second marriage brought the margraviate of Austria closer to the [[Salian dynasty|Imperial family]], which raised the importance of the Babenbergs. Consequently, more royal rights were granted to Austria.

|- bgcolor=#FFF | [[File:Adalbert der Andächtige.jpg|100px]] '''[[:pl:Adalbert II Pobożny|Adalbert II ''the Pious'']]''' | 1106 {{Small|First son of [[Leopold III, Margrave of Austria|Leopold III]] and [[Agnes of Waiblingen|Agnes of Germany]]}}<hr/>9 November 1137 {{Small|aged 30–31}} | 15 November 1136<hr/>9 November 1137 | [[March of Austria]] | [[:File:Wife of Albert of Leichfertingen.jpg|Adelaide of Poland]] 1128/29 no children [[:File:Markgraefin Sophie.JPG|Hedwig of Hungary]] 1132 no children | Usually not counted as margrave,<ref>Some sources state that he was disinherited, while giving no reason for that. It's possible that it this argument was an attempt to justifiy the unusual choice of young Leopold IV as successor to his father.</ref> despite being cited as so as early as 1119. Nevertheless, it's possible that he ruled for a year, or at least as claimant to his younger brother Leopold. If he ruled, he left no children. Knighted in 1125<ref>''Continuatio Prædictorum Vindobonensium'' 1125, MGH SS, p. 725.</ref>

|- bgcolor=#FFF | [[File:Stift Heiligenkreuz - Babenbergerfenster 7 Leopold.jpg|100px]] '''[[Leopold IV, Duke of Bavaria|Leopold IV ''the Generous'']]''' | 1108 {{Small|Third son of [[Leopold III, Margrave of Austria|Leopold III]] and [[Agnes of Waiblingen|Agnes of Germany]]}} – 18 October 1141 [[Niederalteich]] {{Small|aged 32–33}} | 9 November 1137<hr/>18 October 1141 | [[March of Austria]] | [[Maria of Bohemia (d. aft. 1172)|Maria of Bohemia]] 28 September 1138 no children | Also [[Duke of Bavaria]], title given to him after his struggles with the [[House of Welf]].

|- bgcolor=#FFF | [[File:Wien.DukeHeinrichJasomirgott.jpg|100px]] '''[[Henry II, Duke of Austria|Henry II ''Jasomirgott'']]'''<ref>His epithet as no certain origin; it's possible that it derived from the oath ''joch sam mir got helfe'' ("Yes, so help me God")</ref> | 1107 {{Small|Second son of [[Leopold III, Margrave of Austria|Leopold III]] and [[Agnes of Waiblingen|Agnes of Germany]]}}<hr/>13 January 1177 [[Vienna]] {{Small|aged 69–70}} | 18 October 1141<hr/>13 January 1177 | [[March of Austria]] {{Small|(until 1156)}} [[Duchy of Austria]] {{Small|(from 1156)}} | [[Gertrude of Süpplingenburg]] 1 May 1142 one child [[Theodora Komnene, Duchess of Austria|Theodora Komnene]] 1148 three children | Succeeded his younger brother in Austria and also as [[Duke of Bavaria]]. Moved his capital to [[Vienna]]. In 1156, Austria was raised to a [[Duchy]].

|- bgcolor=#FFF | [[File:Leopold V, Duke of Austria.jpg|100px]] '''[[Leopold V, Duke of Austria|Leopold V ''the Virtuous'']]''' | 1157 {{Small|First son of [[Henry II, Duke of Austria|Henry II]] and [[Theodora Komnene, Duchess of Austria|Theodora Komnene]]}}<hr/>31 December 1194 [[Graz]] {{Small|aged 36–37}} | 13 January 1177<hr/>31 December 1194 | [[Duchy of Austria]] | [[Helena of Hungary, Duchess of Austria|Helena of Hungary]] 1174 four children | Children of Henry II, divided Austria: Leopold V kept the main duchy and annexed the [[Duchy of Styria]] to his domain in 1192.

|- bgcolor=#CEB | [[File:Herzog Heinrich der Aeltere von Moedling.JPG|100px]] '''[[Henry I, Duke of Mödling|Henry I ''the Elder'']]''' | 1158 {{Small|Second son of [[Henry II, Duke of Austria|Henry II]] and [[Theodora Komnene, Duchess of Austria|Theodora Komnene]]}}<hr/>31 August 1223 {{Small|aged 64–65}} | 13 January 1177<hr/>31 August 1223 | [[Mödling|Duchy of Mödling]] | [[:cs:Richsa Česká|Richeza of Bohemia]] 1177 one child | Leopold gave his brother Henry the so-called Duchy of Mödling (title Henry used from 1205{{Sfn|Lyon|2013|p=124}}), which spanned from [[Liesing]] to [[Piesting]] and [[Bruck an der Leitha]]. Henry I and his descendants became mostly interested in the arts.

|- bgcolor=#FFF | [[File:Fridrich1Bab.jpg|100px]] '''[[Frederick I of Austria (Babenberg)|Frederick I ''the Catholic'']]''' | 1175 {{Small|First son of [[Leopold V, Duke of Austria|Leopold V]] and [[Helena of Hungary, Duchess of Austria|Helena of Hungary]]}}<hr/>16 April 1198 [[The Holy Land]] {{Small|aged 22–23}} | 31 December 1194<hr/>16 April 1198 | [[Duchy of Austria]] | ''Unmarried'' | Left no children.

|- bgcolor=#FFF | [[File:Leopold der Glorreiche.Rathausplatz.Wien.JPG|100px]] '''[[Leopold VI, Duke of Austria|Leopold VI ''the Glorious'']]''' | 15 October 1176 {{Small|Second son of [[Leopold V, Duke of Austria|Leopold V]] and [[Helena of Hungary, Duchess of Austria|Helena of Hungary]]}}<hr/>28 July 1230 [[Cassino|San Germano]] {{Small|aged 53}} | 16 April 1198<hr/>28 July 1230 | [[Duchy of Austria]] | [[Theodora Angelina]] 1203 seven children | |- bgcolor=#CEB | [[File:Heinrich der Grausame.jpg|100px]] '''[[:de:Heinrich der Grausame von Österreich|Henry II ''the Profane'']]''' | 1208 {{Small|First son of [[Leopold I, Duke of Austria|Leopold I]] and [[Theodora Angelina]]}}<hr/>29 November 1228 {{Small|aged 19–20}} | 31 August 1223<hr/>29 November 1228 | [[Mödling|Duchy of Mödling]] | [[:cs:Anežka Durynská|Agnes of Thuringia]] 29 November 1225 [[Nuremberg]] one child | Nephew of Henry I, apparently succeeded him as ruler, preceding his cousin (Henry I's son). He is referenced as ''Heinricus iuvenis dux'' who died in 1227,<ref>''Continuatio Scotorum'' 1227, MGH SS IX, p. 624</ref> and ''Henrici de Medlico'' (Henry of Mödling).<ref>''Continuatio Zwetlenses'' III 1252, MGH SS IX, p. 655.</ref>

|- bgcolor=#CEB | [[File:Herzog Heinrich der Juengere von Moedling.JPG|100px]] '''[[Henry III, Duke of Mödling|Henry III ''the Younger'']]''' | 1182 {{Small|Son of [[Henry I, Duke of Mödling|Henry I]] and [[:cs:Richsa Česká|Richeza of Bohemia]]}}<hr/>1236 {{Small|aged 53–54}} | 29 November 1228<hr/>1236 | [[Mödling|Duchy of Mödling]] | ''Unmarried'' | After his death the duchy reverted to his cousin Gertrude, daughter of Henry II.

|- bgcolor=#FFF | [[File:HGM Statue Herzog Friedrich II der Streitbare.jpg|100px]] '''[[Frederick II, Duke of Austria|Frederick II ''the Quarrelsome'']]''' | 25 April 1211 [[Wiener Neustadt]] {{Small|Second son of [[Leopold I, Duke of Austria|Leopold I]] and [[Theodora Angelina]]}}<hr/>15 June 1246 [[Leitha]] {{Small|aged 35}} | 28 July 1230<hr/>15 June 1246 | [[Duchy of Austria]] | [[Eudokia Laskarina Angelina|Eudokia ''Sophia'' Laskarina Angelina]]{{Sfn|Angold|2011|p=54}} no children [[Agnes of Merania (1215–1263)|Agnes of Merania]] 1229 no children | His troublesome marriages with no children opened a succession crisis in Austria.

|- bgcolor=#FFF | rowspan=2 | [[File:Gertrud Erbtochter von Babenberg.PNG|100px]] '''[[Gertrude of Austria|Gertrude]]''' | rowspan=2 | 1226 {{Small|Daughter of [[:de:Heinrich der Grausame von Österreich|Henry II, Duke of Mödling]] and [[:cs:Anežka Durynská|Agnes of Thuringia]]}}<hr/>24 April 1288 {{Small|aged 61–62}} | bgcolor=#CEB| 1236<hr/>4 October 1250 | bgcolor=#CEB| [[Mödling|Duchy of Mödling]] | rowspan=2 | [[Vladislaus III of Moravia|Vladislaus of Bohemia]] 1246 no children [[Herman VI, Margrave of Baden]] 1248 two children [[Roman Danylovych]] 1252 one child | rowspan=5 | Heiress of Mödling. After her cousin's death in 1246, she was the first to claim the duchy. She was associated with her first two husbands. However, as Herman of Baden failed to defeat the opposition of Austrian nobility, her rule weakened substantially, giving them minimal control over the duchies. Her first refusal of a third marriage with the brother of [[William II of Holland]], combined with the occupation of Austria by her cousin Margaret and Ottokar of Bohemia in 1252, halted her claims. Although she was even given a part of Styria in 1254, she did not forswear her claim; her territorial portion was taken away from her in 1267.

|- bgcolor=#FFF | 15 June 1246<hr/>4 October 1250 1254–1267 | [[Duchy of Austria]] {{Small|(in only part of [[Styria]] in 1254–67)}}

|- bgcolor=#EEE | [[Vladislaus III of Moravia|Vladislaus of Bohemia]] | 1227 {{Small|Son of [[Wenceslaus I of Bohemia]] and [[Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen]]}}<hr/>3 January 1247 [[Leitha]] {{Small|aged 19–20}} | 15 June 1246<hr/>3 January 1247 | [[Duchy of Austria]] {{Small|(claimant as consort)}} | '''[[Gertrude of Austria|Gertrude]]''' 1246 no children

|- bgcolor=#EEE | [[File:Herman VI, Margrave of Baden.jpg|100px]] [[Herman VI, Margrave of Baden]] | c.1226 {{Small|Son of [[Herman V, Margrave of Baden-Baden|Herman V, Margrave of Baden]] and [[Countess Palatine Irmengard of the Rhine|Irmengard of the Palatinate]]}}<hr/>4 October 1250 {{Small|aged 23–24}} | 1248<hr/>4 October 1250 | [[Duchy of Austria]] {{Small|(claimant as consort)}} | '''[[Gertrude of Austria|Gertrude]]''' 1248 two children

|- bgcolor=#EEE | [[File:Konradin.jpg|100px]] [[Frederick I, Margrave of Baden]] | 1249 [[Alland]] {{Small|Son of [[Herman VI, Margrave of Baden]] and [[Gertrude of Austria|Gertrude]]}}<hr/>29 October 1268 [[Naples]] {{Small|aged 18–19}} | 1254<hr/>1267 | [[Duchy of Austria]] {{Small|(claimant as heir; in only part of [[Styria]])}} | ''Unmarried''

|- bgcolor=#FFF | [[File:Margarete von Babenberg.JPG|100px]] '''[[Margaret of Austria, Queen of Bohemia|Margaret]]''' | 1204 {{Small|Daughter of [[Leopold VI, Duke of Austria|Leopold VI]] and [[Theodora Angelina]]}}<hr/>29 October 1266 [[Krumau am Kamp]] {{Small|aged 61–62}} | 6 May 1252<hr/>29 October 1266 | [[Duchy of Austria]] {{Small|(from 1261 only in [[Krumau am Kamp]])}} | [[Henry (VII) of Germany]] 29 November 1225 [[Nuremberg]] two children [[Ottokar II of Bohemia]] 11 February 1252 [[Hainburg an der Donau]] {{Small|(annulled 1261)}} no children | rowspan=3 | Margaret and her husband, future King of Bohemia, invaded Austria in 1252 and were successfully proclaimed ''Dukes of Austria''. After the annulment of their marriage, Margaret retired and Ottokar continued his rule until 1276, when he signed away his claims in Austria in favor of [[Rudolf I of Germany|Rudolph of Habsburg]]. The matter would be settled with his defeat and death at the [[Battle on the Marchfeld]] (1278).

|- bgcolor=#EEE | rowspan=2 | [[File:Ottokar II of Bohemia.jpg|100px]] '''[[Ottokar II of Bohemia|Premislaus Ottokar II of Bohemia ''The Iron and Golden King'']]''' | rowspan=2 | 1233 [[Městec Králové]] {{Small|Son of [[Wenceslaus I of Bohemia]] and [[Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen]]}}<hr/>26 August 1278 [[Dürnkrut]] {{Small|aged 44–45}} | bgcolor=#EEE| 6 May 1252<hr/>1261 | bgcolor=#EEE| [[Duchy of Austria]] {{Small|(claimant as consort)}} | rowspan=2 | '''[[Margaret of Austria, Queen of Bohemia|Margaret]]''' 11 February 1252 [[Hainburg an der Donau]] {{Small|(annulled 1261)}} no children [[Kunigunda of Halych|Kunigunda Rostislavna of Halych]] 25 October 1261 [[Pressburg]] three children

|- bgcolor=#FFF | 1261<hr/>November 1276 | [[Duchy of Austria]]

==Dukes and Archdukes of Austria under the House of Habsburg== {{main|House of Habsburg|Duchy of Austria|Archduchy of Austria}} Count [[Rudolph I of Germany|Rudolf of Habsburg]], [[Imperial election of 1273|elected as king of Germany]] (1273), was able during 1276–1278 to decisively defeat his main rival, the Bohemian king Ottokar II, and to regain his Austrian domains back for the Empire. By his imperial authority, Rudolf later (1282) invested his sons Albrecht and Rudolf with the duchies of Austria and Styria, thereby securing them for the [[House of Habsburg]]. Austria remained under Habsburg rule for more than 600 years, forming the core of the [[Habsburg monarchy]] and the present-day country of [[Austria]].

The most important Austrian rulers until the Victory at Vienna in 1683 are described in the book [[Symmetria iuridico Austriaca]].

=== Possessions (and partitions) of Austria under Habsburg domain ===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | colspan=4 style="background:#fff" | '''Duchy of Austria''' (1291–1379) {{Small|Includes the Duchies of '''[[Duchy of Styria|Styria]]''' and '''[[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]]''', and the '''[[March of Carniola]]''' from 1358 Includes the '''[[County of Tyrol]]''' from 1363 Carniola was raised to '''[[Duchy of Carniola]]''' in 1364 Partitioned by the [[Treaty of Neuberg]] in 1379}}

|- | rowspan=3 style="background:#ceb" | '''Duchy of Lower Austria''' (1379–1457) | colspan=3 style="background:#def" | '''Duchies of Inner and Further Austria''' {{Small|(with '''Styria, Carinthia, Carniola and Tyrol''')}} (1379–1406)

|- | rowspan=2 style="background:#fde" | '''Duchy of Inner Austria''' {{Small|(with '''Styria''', '''Carinthia''' and '''Carniola''')}} (1406–1453) | style="background:#def" | '''Duchy of Further Austria''' (1406–1439) | style="background:#ffd" | '''County of Tyrol''' (1406–1439)

|- | colspan=2 style="background:#ffd" | '''Duchy of Further Austria''' {{Small|(with '''Tyrol''')}} (1439–1453)

|- | colspan=2 style="background:#fde" | {{Small|Raised to:}} '''Archduchy of Inner Austria''' (1453–1490) | colspan=2 style="background:#ffd" | {{Small|Raised to:}} '''Archduchy of Further Austria''' (1453–1490)

|- | colspan=4 style="background:#fff" | '''Archduchy of Austria''' {{Small|(Inner Austrian line)}} (1490–1564)

|- | style="background:#ceb" | '''Archduchy of Lower and Upper Austria''' (1564–1619) | style="background:#fde" | '''Archduchy of Inner Austria''' (1564–1619) | colspan=2 style="background:#ffd" | '''Archduchy of Further Austria''' {{Small|(with '''Tyrol''')}} (1564–1619)

|- | colspan=4 style="background:#fff" | '''Archduchy of Austria''' (1619–1623)

|- | colspan=4 style="background:#fff" | '''Archduchy of Austria''' {{Small|(Lower/Inner Austrian line)}} (1665–1804)

=== Table of rulers === {{Sticky header}} {| class="wikitable sticky-header" style="text-align:center"

|- ! Ruler ! Birth<hr/>Death ! Reign ! Ruling part ! Consort(s) Child(ren) ! Notes

|- | [[File:Minnigerode-rudolf.JPG|100px]] '''[[Rudolf I of Germany|Rudolph I]]''' | 1 May 1218 [[Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl]] {{Small|Son of [[Albert IV, Count of Habsburg]] and [[Hedwig of Kyburg]]}}<hr/>15 July 1291 [[Speyer]] {{Small|aged 73}} | November 1276<hr/>December 1282 | [[Duchy of Austria]] | [[Gertrude of Hohenberg|Gertrude ''Anna'' of Hohenberg]] 1253 [[Elsass]] ten children [[Isabella of Burgundy, Queen of Germany|Isabella of Burgundy]] 6 February 1284 [[Remiremont]] no children | Brought the rule of Austria to the Habsburgs after definitively defeating [[Ottokar II of Bohemia]] between 1276 and 1278.

|- | [[File:AlbrechtI.jpg|100px]] '''[[Albert I of Germany|Albert I]]''' | July 1255 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Eldest son of [[Rudolph I of Germany|Rudolf I]] and [[Gertrude of Hohenberg]]}}<hr/>1 May 1308 [[Windisch, Switzerland|Windisch]] {{Small|aged 52}} | December 1282<hr/>1 May 1308 | [[Duchy of Austria]] | [[Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol]] 20 December 1274 [[Vienna]] twelve children | rowspan=3 | Sons of Rudolf I, Albert I and Rudolf II, co-ruled in Austria only one year (1282–83) when the sole rule was entrusted by the [[Treaty of Rheinfelden]] to Albert alone according to the principle of [[primogeniture]]. Albert was [[Imperial election|elected as king of Germany]] in 1298, and that same year he associated his own eldest son, Rudolf III in Austria. Rudolf III was also elected [[King of Bohemia]] in 1306, but predeceased his father, dying in the following year. Albert himself was assassinated by his nephew [[John Parricida]].

|- | [[File:König Rudolf I. mit Agnes von Böhmen.jpg|100px]] '''[[Rudolf II, Duke of Austria|Rudolf II ''the Debonair'']]''' | July 1270 [[Rheinfelden (Aargau)|Rheinfelden]] {{Small|Third son of [[Rudolf I of Germany|Rudolph I]] and [[Gertrude of Hohenberg]]}}<hr/>10 May 1290 [[Prague]] {{Small|aged 20}} | December 1282<hr/>1283 | [[Duchy of Austria]] | [[Agnes of Bohemia (1269–1296)|Agnes of Bohemia]] March 1289 [[Prague]] one child

|- | [[File:Rudolph III of Habsburg.jpg|100px]] '''[[Rudolf I of Bohemia|Rudolf III ''the Good'']]''' | {{Circa}} 1281 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Eldest son of [[Albert I of Germany|Albert I]] and [[Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol]]}}<hr/>3/4 July 1307 [[Horažďovice]] {{Small|aged 26}} | 21 November 1298<hr/>3/4 July 1307 | [[Duchy of Austria]] | [[Blanche of France, Duchess of Austria|Blanche of France]] 25 May 1300 one child [[Elisabeth Richeza of Poland]] 16 October 1306 [[Prague]] no children

|- | [[File:Frederick III the Fair.jpg|100px]] '''[[Frederick the Fair|Frederick I/III ''the Fair'']]'''<ref>His numbering, if counted as I, reflects, not the ducal succession of the Babenbergs (being in fact the third ruler of Austria bearing this name), but of the comital Habsburgs, being the first member of the family with this name. However, he may have adopted his German numeral III in Austria, as the next ''de facto'' rulers of Austria who bore the same name styled themselves as ''Frederick IV'' and ''Frederick V''. So, inadvertently, the numbering of ''de facto'' ruling Fredericks actually ''follow'' the Babenberg counting.</ref> | {{Circa}} 1289 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Second son of [[Albert I of Germany|Albert I]] and [[Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol]]}}<hr/>13 January 1330 [[Gutenstein, Austria|Gutenstein]] {{Small|aged 41}} | 1 May 1308<hr/>13 January 1330 | [[Duchy of Austria]] | [[Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Germany|Isabella of Aragon]] 11 May 1315 [[Ravensburg]] three children | rowspan=2 | Younger brothers of Rudolf III, and co-rulers in Austria and Styria. Leopold, despite being younger than Frederick, was the one who primarily inherited the County of Habsburg, the oldest land of the family, and it was only after his death (1326) that Frederick came to rule there. In 1314, Frederick was elected [[King of the Romans]], firstly as rival of [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor]], and then accepting co-rulership.

|- | [[File:Leopold I Habsburg.jpg|100px]] '''[[Leopold I, Duke of Austria|Leopold I ''the Glorious'']]'''<ref>His numbering reflects, not the ducal succession of the Babenbergs (being in fact the seventh ruler of Austria bearing this name), but of the comital Habsburgs, being the first member of the family with this name.</ref> | 4 August 1290 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Third son of [[Albert I of Germany|Albert I]] and [[Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol]]}}<hr/>28 February 1326 [[Strassburg]] {{Small|aged 35}} | 1 May 1308<hr/>28 February 1326 | [[Duchy of Austria]] | [[Catherine of Savoy]] 26 May 1315 [[Basel]] two children

|- | [[File:Albert II of Austria.jpg|100px]] '''[[Albert II, Duke of Austria|Albert II ''the Wise'']]''' | 12 December 1298 [[Habsburg Castle]] {{Small|Fourth son of [[Albert I of Germany|Albert I]] and [[Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol]]}}<hr/>16 August 1358 [[Vienna]] {{Small|aged 59}} | 13 January 1330<hr/>16 August 1358 | [[Duchy of Austria]] | [[Joanna of Pfirt]] 15 February 1324 [[Vienna]] six children | rowspan=2 | Younger brothers of the predecessors, and co-rulers. Albert established the primogeniture law into their domains. He also brought [[Duke of Carinthia|Carinthia]] and [[Margrave of Carniola|Carniola]] into Habsburg rule and laid an unsuccessful siege to [[Zürich]]. Otto administered the Swabian Habsburg lands. Otto's minor sons, [[Frederick II of Austria (Habsburg)|Frederick (II)]] and [[Leopold II, Duke of Austria|Leopold (II)]], succeeded him in the co-rulership as titular dukes (1339–1344).

|- | [[File:Otto the Merry.jpg|100px]] '''[[Otto, Duke of Austria|Otto I ''the Merry'']]''' | 23 July 1301 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Seventh son of [[Albert I of Germany|Albert I]] and [[Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol]]}}<hr/>17 February 1339 [[Neuberg an der Mürz]] {{Small|aged 37}} | 13 January 1330<hr/>17 February 1339 | [[Duchy of Austria]] | [[Elisabeth of Bavaria (1305–1330)|Elisabeth of Bavaria]] 15 May 1325 [[Straubing]] two children [[Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Austria|Anne of Bohemia]] 16 February 1335 [[Znaim]] no children

|- | [[File:Rudolph IV of Austria.jpg|100px]] '''[[Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria|Rudolf IV ''the Founder'']]''' | 1 November 1339 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Eldest son of [[Albert II, Duke of Austria|Albert II the Wise]] and [[Joanna of Pfirt]]}}<hr/>27 July 1365 [[Milan]] {{Small|aged 25}} | 16 August 1358<hr/>27 July 1365 | [[Duchy of Austria]] | [[Catherine of Bohemia]] 13 July 1356 [[Vienna]] no children | After the unchanging of privileges for the Habsburgs in the decree of the [[Golden Bull of 1356|Golden Bull]] in 1356, Rudolf gave the order to draw up the ''[[Privilegium Maius]]'', a fake document to empower the Austrian rulers. He was the first to style himself as "Archduke", a title which was only made official in 1453. Rudolf also brought [[Tyrol]] into the Habsburg domain.

|- | colspan=6 | The ''[[Privilegium Maius]]'', fabricated by Rudolf in 1359, attempted to invest the Dukes of Austria with the special position of an "[[Archduke]]". This title was frequently used by [[Ernest the Iron]] and other Dukes but not recognized by other princes of the Holy Roman Empire until [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick V]] became Emperor and confirmed the Privilegium in 1453. After the death of Rudolf in 1365, his brothers Albert and Leopold succeeded him together, but divided their possessions between them in the [[Treaty of Neuberg]] of 1379: * Albert founded the ''[[Albertinian Line]]'', who received the [[Duchy of Austria]], later called '''Lower Austria''' (not to be confused with the [[Lower Austria|namesake modern state]]); * Leopold founded the ''[[Leopoldinian Line]]'', who received the duchies of [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]], [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]] and [[Duchy of Carniola|Carniola]] (the group of lands also called '''[[Inner Austria]]'''), the [[County of Tyrol]] and [[Further Austria]].

|- | rowspan=2 | [[File:Albrecht Dritte Habsburg1.jpg|100px]] '''[[Albert III, Duke of Austria|Albert III ''the Pigtail'']]''' | rowspan=2 | 9 September 1349 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Third son of [[Albert II, Duke of Austria|Albert II the Wise]] and [[Joanna of Pfirt]]}}<hr/>29 August 1395 [[Laxenburg]] {{Small|aged 45}} | 29 July 1365<hr/>25 September 1379 | [[Duchy of Austria]] | rowspan=2 | [[Elisabeth of Bohemia (1358–1373)|Elisabeth of Bohemia]] after 19 March 1366 [[Vienna]] no children [[Beatrice of Nuremberg]] 4 March 1375 [[Vienna]] one child | rowspan=4| Brothers of the predecessor, divided their domains in 1379. Leopold himself lost his life fighting in the [[Battle of Sempach]] (1386), a turning point that established the growth of the [[Swiss Confederacy]] and the effective decline of Habsburg power in their Swiss homeland.

|- | rowspan=2 | [[File:Leopold III of Austria.jpg|100px]] '''[[Leopold III, Duke of Austria|Leopold III ''the Just'']]'''<ref>Numbered III by including the titular duke [[Leopold II, Duke of Austria|Leopold II]] (1339–1344)</ref> | rowspan=2 | 1 November 1351 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Fourth son of [[Albert II, Duke of Austria|Albert II the Wise]] and [[Joanna of Pfirt]]}}<hr/>9 July 1386 [[Sempach]] {{Small|aged 34}} | 29 July 1365<hr/>25 September 1379 | [[Duchy of Austria]] | rowspan=2 | [[Viridis Visconti]] 23 February 1365 [[Vienna]] six children

|- | [[File:Wilhelm Austria.jpg|100px]] '''[[William, Duke of Austria|William ''the Courteous'']]''' | {{Circa}} 1370 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Eldest son of [[Leopold III, Duke of Austria|Leopold the Just]] and [[Viridis Visconti]]}}<hr/>15 July 1406 [[Vienna]] {{Small|aged 36}} | style="background:#def" | 9 July 1386<hr/>15 July 1406 | style="background:#def" | [[Inner Austria|Duchies of Inner]] and [[Further Austria]] with [[County of Tyrol]] | [[Joan II of Naples]] 13 November 1401 [[Vienna]] no children | Co-ruled with his brother Leopold IV. Also held regency in Lower Austria 1404–1406.

|- | rowspan=2 | [[File:Leopold IV.jpg|100px]] '''[[Leopold IV, Duke of Austria|Leopold IV ''the Fat'']]''' | rowspan=2 | {{Circa}} 1371 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Second son of [[Leopold III, Duke of Austria|Leopold the Just]] and [[Viridis Visconti]]}}<hr/>3 June 1411 [[Vienna]] {{Small|aged 40}} | style="background:#def" | 9 July 1386<hr/>15 July 1406 | style="background:#def" | [[Inner Austria|Duchies of Inner]] and [[Further Austria]] with [[County of Tyrol]] | rowspan=2 | [[Catherine of Burgundy]] 15 August 1393 [[Vienna]] no children | rowspan=2 | Also held regency in Lower Austria 1404–1411. After the partition of 1406, kept Further Austria.

|- | [[File:Albrecht IV.jpg|100px]] '''[[Albert IV, Duke of Austria|Albert IV ''the Patient'']]''' | 19 September 1377 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Only son of [[Albert III, Duke of Austria|Albert the Pigtail]] and [[Beatrice of Nuremberg]]}}<hr/>14 September 1404 [[Klosterneuburg]] {{Small|aged 26}} | style="background:#ceb"| 29 August 1395<hr/>14 September 1404 | style="background:#ceb" | [[Duchy of Lower Austria|Lower Austria]] | [[Joanna Sophia of Bavaria]] 24 April 1390 [[Vienna]] two children | His rule was marked by tensions and conflicts with the Leopoldinian line and the [[Luxemburg dynasty]].

|- | colspan=5 | {{Small|''Regencies of [[William, Duke of Austria]] and [[Leopold IV, Duke of Austria]] (1404–1411)''}} | rowspan=2 | Succeeded as a minor, under guardianship of his Leopoldinian uncles. He was elected, in 1437<hr/>38, as [[King of Bohemia]] and [[King of Hungary]], and also as [[King of Germany]], beginning a three centuries long succession of Habsburg rulers as [[List of German monarchs|Kings of the Romans]] and [[Holy Roman Emperor]]s.

|- | [[File:Albrecht II as Roman-German king.jpg|100px]] '''[[Albert II of Germany|Albert V ''the Magnanimous'']]''' | 16 August 1397 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Only son of [[Albert IV, Duke of Austria|Albert IV]] and [[Joanna Sophia of Bavaria]]}}<hr/>27 October 1439 [[Neszmély]] {{Small|aged 42}} | style="background:#ceb" | 14 September 1404<hr/>27 October 1439 | style="background:#ceb" | [[Duchy of Austria|Duchy of Lower Austria]] | [[Elizabeth of Luxembourg]] 26 April 1422 [[Vienna]] three children

|- | colspan=6 | In 1406, after the death of William, the living brothers of the Leopoldinian Line made a new division of their territories: * Leopold kept Further Austria, to be inherited by his brother Frederick after his death; * Ernest founded the ''Elder Leopoldinian Line'', who received Inner Austria; * Frederick founded the ''Junior Leopoldian Line'', who received the county of Tyrol and then Further Austria.

|- | [[File:Ernest the Iron.jpg|100px]] '''[[Ernest, Duke of Austria|Ernest ''the Iron'']]''' | {{Circa}} 1377 [[Bruck an der Mur]] {{Small|Third son of [[Leopold III, Duke of Austria|Leopold the Just]] and [[Viridis Visconti]]}}<hr/>10 June 1424 [[Bruck an der Mur]] {{Small|aged 47}} | style="background:#fde" | 15 July 1406<hr/>10 June 1424 | style="background:#fde" | [[Inner Austria|Duchy of Inner Austria]] | Margaret of Pomerania 14 January 1392 [[Bruck an der Mur]] no children [[Cymburgis of Masovia]] 25 January 1412 [[Kraków]] nine children | In 1414, he became the last Duke to be enthroned according to [[Carantania]]n traditional rite at the [[Prince's Stone]] in Carinthia, and from that time on called himself ''[[Archduke]]''. Beside Rudolf IV, he was the only one who used the title before it became official in 1453.

|- | rowspan=2 | [[File:Friedrich IV of Austria.jpg|100px]] '''[[Frederick IV, Duke of Austria|Frederick IV ''of the Empty Pockets'']]'''<ref>Numbered IV by including either only the ''de facto'' duke [[Frederick the Fair]], sometimes numbered III, or by including the titular dukes [[Frederick II of Austria (Habsburg)|Frederick (II)]] (1339–1344) and [[Frederick III of Austria|Frederick (III)]] (1347–1362).</ref> | rowspan=2 | {{Circa}} 1382 {{Small|Fourth son of [[Leopold III, Duke of Austria|Leopold the Just]] and [[Viridis Visconti]]}}<hr/>24 June 1439 [[Innsbruck]] {{Small|aged 57}} | style="background:#ffd" | 15 July 1406<hr/>3 June 1411 | style="background:#ffd" | [[County of Tyrol]] | rowspan=2 | [[Elisabeth of the Palatinate, Duchess of Austria|Elisabeth of the Palatinate]] 24 December 1407 [[Innsbruck]] one child [[Anna of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]] 11 June 1411 [[Innsbruck]] four children | rowspan=2 | Also held regency in Inner Austria 1424–1435. Because he sided with [[Antipope John XXIII]], the [[Council of Constance]] stripped him of the remaining important Swiss possessions of the family, which went to the [[Swiss Confederacy]].

|- | colspan=6 | ''Vacant 1439–1440''

|- | colspan=5 | {{Small|''Regency of [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick V, Duke of Austria]] (1440–1452)''}} | rowspan=2 | Succeeded as a minor, under the guardianship of his Ernestine cousin. His death without descendants ended the Albertinian line. The domains which he inherited in Bohemia and Hungary were lost, and were only recovered during the reign of [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor]].

|- | [[File:Ladislaus Posthumous.jpg|100px]] '''[[Ladislaus the Posthumous|Ladislaus ''the Posthumous'']]''' | 22 February 1440 [[Komárom]] {{Small|Only son of [[Albert II of Germany|Albert V]] and [[Elizabeth of Luxembourg]]}}<hr/>23 November 1457 [[Prague]] {{Small|aged 17}} | style="background:#ceb" | 22 February 1440<hr/>23 November 1457 | style="background:#ceb" | [[Duchy of Austria|Duchy of Lower Austria]] {{Small|(1440–1453)}} [[Duchy of Austria|Archduchy of Lower Austria]] {{Small|(1453–1457)}} | ''Unmarried''

|- | colspan=6 | ''Lower Austria annexed to Inner Austria''

|- | colspan=5 | {{Small|''Regency of [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick V, Duke of Austria]] (1439–1446)''}} | rowspan=2 | In 1490 he abdicated his control over his territories, giving way for the reunification of Austria.

|- | [[File:SigismundAustria.jpg|100px]] '''[[Sigismund, Archduke of Austria|Sigismund ''the Rich'']]''' | 26 October 1427 [[Innsbruck]] {{Small|Second son of [[Frederick IV, Duke of Austria|Frederick IV]] and [[Anna of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Anna of Brunswick]]}}<hr/>4 March 1496 [[Innsbruck]] {{Small|aged 68}} | style="background:#ffd" | 24 June 1439<hr/>1490 | style="background:#ffd" | [[Further Austria|Duchy of Further Austria]] with [[County of Tyrol]] {{Small|(1439–1453)}} [[Further Austria|Archduchy of Further Austria]] with [[County of Tyrol]] {{Small|(1453–1490)}} | [[Eleanor of Scotland]] 12 February 1449 [[Innsbruck]] one child [[Katharina of Saxony]] 24 February 1484 [[Innsbruck]] no children

|- | colspan=6 | ''Further Austria and Tyrol annexed to Inner Austria''

|- | colspan=5 | {{Small|''Regency of [[Frederick IV, Duke of Austria]] (1424–1435)''}} | rowspan=4 | Sons of Ernest I, ruled jointly. Occasionally, Albert revolted against Frederick, occupying until his death the lands known today as [[Upper Austria]] and [[Lower Austria]]. On his part, Frederick was elected, between 1440 and 1452, [[King of the Romans]] and [[Holy Roman Emperor]]. With this dignity, he conceded and made official, in 1453, the Habsburg title of ''Archduke''. He officially elevated the Duchy into an Archduchy, which he came to inherit a few years later.

Despite having reunited all of Austria, Frederick's rule wasn't always uncontested: in 1485–1490, [[Matthias Corvinus]], king of Hungary, occupied the proper Duchies of Austria and Styria, claiming the title ''Archduke of Austria''.

|- | rowspan=2 | [[File:Hans Burgkmair d. Ä. 005.jpg|100px]] '''[[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick V ''the Peaceful'']]''' | rowspan=2 | 21 September 1415 [[Innsbruck]] {{Small|First son of [[Ernest, Duke of Austria|Ernest]] and [[Cymburgis of Masovia]]}}<hr/>19 August 1493 [[Linz]] {{Small|aged 77}} | style="background:#fde" | 10 June 1424<hr/>1490 | style="background:#fde" | [[Inner Austria|Duchy of Inner Austria]] {{Small|(1424–1453)}} [[Inner Austria|Archduchy of Inner Austria]] {{Small|(1453–1490)}} | rowspan=2 | [[Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress|Eleanor of Portugal]] 16 March 1452 Rome five children

|- | 1490<hr/>19 August 1493 | [[Archduchy of Austria]]

|- | [[File:Albert VI of Austria.jpg|100px]] '''[[Albert VI, Archduke of Austria|Albert VI ''the Prodigal'']]''' | 12 September 1418 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Third son of [[Ernest, Duke of Austria|Ernest]] and [[Cymburgis of Masovia]]}}<hr/>2 December 1463 [[Vienna]] {{Small|aged 45}} | style="background:#fde" | 10 June 1424<hr/>2 December 1463 | style="background:#fde" | [[Inner Austria|Duchy of Inner Austria]] {{Small|(1424–1453)}} [[Inner Austria|Archduchy of Inner Austria]] {{Small|(1453–1463)}} | [[Mechthild of the Palatinate]] 1452 [[Vienna]] no children

|- | [[File:Maximilian I of Austria.jpg|100px]] '''[[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I ''the Last Knight'']]''' | 22 March 1459 [[Wiener Neustadt]] {{Small|Second son of [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick V]] and [[Eleanor of Portugal (1434–1467)|Eleanor of Portugal]]}}<hr/>12 January 1519 [[Wels]] {{Small|aged 59}} | 19 August 1493<hr/>12 January 1519 | [[Archduchy of Austria]] | [[Mary of Burgundy]] 18 August 1477 [[Ghent]] three children [[Anne of Brittany]] 18 December 1490 [[Rennes]] no children [[Bianca Maria Sforza]] 16 March 1494 [[Hall in Tirol]] no children | In 1490, he reconquered lost Austrian lands after [[Matthias Corvinus]]'s death and persuaded his cousin Sigismund to cede Tyrol to him.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pavlac |first1=Brian A. |last2=Lott |first2=Elizabeth S. |title=The Holy Roman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia |date=1 June 2019 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-4408-4856-8 | pages=255, 278 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=arSYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA255 |access-date=13 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Fichtner |first1=Paula Sutter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F1JdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 |title=The Habsburg Monarchy, 1490-1848: Attributes of Empire |date=7 March 2017 |publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education |isbn=978-1-137-10642-1 |page=8 |language=en |access-date=13 November 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Appointed [[King of the Romans]] in 1486 and crowned [[Holy Roman Emperor]] in 1508. His first marriage allowed him to extend Habsburg domain over the [[Low Countries]].

|- | [[File:Jakob Seisenegger 001.jpg|100px]] '''[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles I]]''' | 24 February 1500 [[Ghent]] {{Small|Eldest son of [[Philip I of Castile]] and [[Joanna of Castile]]}}<hr/>21 September 1558 [[Yuste]] {{Small|aged 58}} | 12 January 1519<hr/>1521/1556 | [[Archduchy of Austria]] | [[Isabella of Portugal]] 10 March 1526 [[Seville]] seven children | Grandson of his predecessor. Through his mother he gained, in 1516, the recently unified [[Kingdom of Spain]]. He founded a Spanish branch of the Habsburgs that reigned until 1700. In 1519, he inherited the Austrian Archduchy, and was the first solely elected (not crowned) [[King of the Romans]] and [[Holy Roman Emperor]] (as Charles V). In 1521, he abdicated from Austria. He was succeeded in Austria by his brother, but continued being his brother's [[overlord]] until 1556. In this year, Charles abdicated control over all his possessions and retired to the [[Monastery of Yuste]].

|- | [[File:Hans Bocksberger der Aeltere 001.jpg|100px]] '''[[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]]''' {{Small|''under [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles I]] (1521–1556)''}} | 10 March 1503 [[Alcalá de Henares]] {{Small|Second son of [[Philip I of Castile]] and [[Joanna of Castile]]}}<hr/>25 July 1564 [[Vienna]] {{Small|aged 61}} | 1521/1556<hr/>25 July 1564 | [[Archduchy of Austria]] | [[Anne of Bohemia and Hungary]] 25 May 1521 [[Linz]] fifteen children | Brother of the predecessor. While Charles I's son [[Philip II of Spain]] inherited the "Western" possessions (Low Countries, Spain with ultramarine lands, and Italian states), Ferdinand inherited the rest (Austrian possessions), while gaining the kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia, and came to be elected [[King of the Romans]] and [[Holy Roman Emperor]] in 1556, after his brother's abdication.

|- | colspan=6 | In 1564, after Ferdinand I's death, the Archduchy was once more divided between his sons: * Maximilian received Austria proper, known then as ''Lower and Upper Austria''; * Ferdinand received Tyrol and Further Austria, which after his death with no descendants passed to the elder Austrian line; * Charles received Inner Austria (the duchies of Styria, Cartinhia and Carniola).

|- | [[File:Nicolas Neufchâtel 002.jpg|100px]] '''[[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]]''' | 31 July 1527 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Eldest son of [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]] and [[Anne of Bohemia and Hungary]]}}<hr/>12 October 1576 [[Regensburg]] {{Small|aged 49}} | style="background:#ceb" | 25 July 1564<hr/>12 October 1576 | style="background:#ceb" | [[Archduchy of Austria|Archduchy of Lower and Upper Austria]] | [[Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress|Maria of Spain]] 13 September 1548 [[Valladolid]] sixteen children | Maximilian, as the eldest son, was elected [[King of the Romans]] and [[Holy Roman Emperor]] in 1564, and inherited also the kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia.

|- | [[File:Francesco Terzio 002.jpg|100px]] '''[[Ferdinand II of Austria|Ferdinand II]]''' | 14 June 1529 [[Linz]] {{Small|Second son of [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]] and [[Anne of Bohemia and Hungary]]}}<hr/>24 January 1595 [[Innsbruck]] {{Small|aged 65}} | style="background:#ffd" | 25 July 1564<hr/>24 January 1595 | style="background:#ffd" | [[Further Austria|Archduchy of Further Austria]] with [[County of Tyrol]] | ''[[Philippine Welser]]'' ca. 1576 four children [[Anne Juliana Gonzaga]] 14 May 1582 [[Innsbruck]] three children | Had descendants, but from his morganatic marriage, making them unsuitable for succession; his lands were eventually inherited by the senior Austrian line.

|- | [[File:Anonym Erzherzog Karl II.jpg|100px]] '''[[Charles II, Archduke of Austria|Charles II]]'''<ref> In German Articles and Books these Archdukes' names and titles are normally completed with the territorial names of their Duchy as: "Charles II of Inner Austria" = "''Karl der II. von Inner Österreich''"</ref> | 3 June 1540 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Fourth son of [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]] and [[Anne of Bohemia and Hungary]]}}<hr/>10 July 1590 [[Graz]] {{Small|aged 50}} | style="background:#fde" | 25 July 1564<hr/>10 July 1590 | style="background:#fde" | [[Inner Austria|Archduchy of Inner Austria]] | [[Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551–1608)|Maria Anna of Bavaria]] (I) 26 August 1571 [[Vienna]] fifteen children | Unlike his brother Maximilian, Charles was [[Catholic]] and promoted the [[Counter-Reformation]] in his domains.

|- | [[File:Hans von Aachen 003.jpg|100px]] '''[[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf V]]''' | 18 July 1552 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Second son of [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]] and [[Maria of Spain]]}}<hr/>20 January 1612 [[Prague]] {{Small|aged 59}} | style="background:#ceb" | 12 October 1576<hr/>1608 | style="background:#ceb" | [[Archduchy of Austria|Archduchy of Lower and Upper Austria]] | ''Unmarried'' | Also [[Holy Roman Emperor]] and King of Bohemia and Hungary. He was a [[patron of the arts]], known for his support of [[Mannerist art]].

|- | rowspan=2 | [[File:Lucas van Valckenborch 003.jpg|100px]] '''[[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor|Matthias]]''' | rowspan=2 | 24 February 1557 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Fourth son of [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]] and [[Maria of Spain]]}}<hr/>20 March 1619 [[Vienna]] {{Small|aged 62}} | style="background:#ffd" | 24 January 1595<hr/>26 June 1612 2 November 1618<hr/>20 March 1619 | style="background:#ffd" | [[Further Austria|Archduchy of Further Austria]] with [[County of Tyrol]] | rowspan=2 | [[Anna of Tyrol]] 4 December 1611 [[Vienna]] no children | rowspan=2 | Also [[Holy Roman Emperor]] and King of Bohemia and Hungary.

|- | style="background:#ceb" | 1608<hr/>20 March 1619 | style="background:#ceb" | [[Archduchy of Austria|Archduchy of Lower and Upper Austria]] {{Small|(with [[County of Tyrol]] 1612–1618)}}

|- | [[File:Henseiller Maximilian III of Austria.jpg|100px]] '''[[Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria|Maximilian III]]''' | 12 October 1558 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Sixth son of [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]] and [[Maria of Spain]]}}<hr/>2 November 1618 [[Vienna]] {{Small|aged 60}} | style="background:#ffd" | 26 June 1612<hr/>2 November 1618 | style="background:#ffd" | [[Further Austria|Archduchy of Further Austria]] | ''Unmarried'' {{Small|(served as [[Grand Master of the Teutonic Order]])}} | In 1587 stood as a candidate for the throne of the [[Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. He also held the regency of Lower and Upper Austria 1593–1595.

|- | [[File:Rubens - arquiduquealbertoVII01.jpg|100px]] '''[[Albert VII, Archduke of Austria|Albert VII]]''' | 13 November 1559 [[Wiener Neustadt]] {{Small|Fifth son of [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]] and [[Maria of Spain]]}}<hr/>13 July 1621 [[Brussels]] {{Small|aged 61}} | style="background:#ceb" | 20 March<hr/>9 October 1619 | style="background:#ceb" | [[Archduchy of Austria|Archduchy of Lower and Upper Austria]] | [[Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain]] 18 April 1599 [[Valencia]] no children | Also [[Viceroy of Portugal]] under [[Philip II of Spain]], and ruler of the [[Low Countries]] (1598–1621). Ruled a few months as archduke, before abdicating. His abdication resulted in a new reunion of Austria.

|- | colspan=6 | In 1619, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (Ferdinand III of Austria) reunited the Archduchy. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], he felt the need to divide the land once more: * Ferdinand kept Lower and Inner Austria; * Leopold, Ferdinand's brother, received Upper Austria (with Further Austria and Tyrol).

|- | colspan=5 | {{Small|''Regencies of [[Archduke Ernest of Austria|Ernest of Austria]] (1590–1593) and [[Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria]] (1593–1595)''}} | rowspan=4 | Also [[Holy Roman Emperor]] (1619–1637), and King of Hungary and Bohemia. In 1619, he reunited Austria, but divided it again.

|- | rowspan=3 | [[File:Kaiser Ferdinand II. 1614.jpg|100px]] '''[[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]]''' | rowspan=3 | 9 July 1578 [[Graz]] {{Small|Second son of [[Charles II, Archduke of Austria|Charles II]] and [[Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551–1608)|Maria Anna of Bavaria]] (I)}}<hr/>15 February 1637 [[Vienna]] {{Small|aged 58}} | style="background:#fde" | 10 July 1590<hr/>9 October 1619 | style="background:#fde" | [[Inner Austria|Archduchy of Inner Austria]] | rowspan=3 | [[Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574–1616)|Maria Anna of Bavaria]] (II) 23 April 1600 [[Graz]] seven children [[Eleonor Gonzaga (1598–1655)|Eleonora Gonzaga]] (I) 2 February 1622 [[Innsbruck]] no children

|- | 9 October 1619<hr/>1623 | [[Archduchy of Austria]]

|- | [[File:Joseph Heintz d. Ä. 007.jpg|100px]] '''[[Leopold V, Archduke of Austria|Leopold V]]''' | 9 October 1586 [[Graz]] {{Small|Fifth son of [[Charles II, Archduke of Austria|Charles II]] and [[Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551–1608)|Maria Anna of Bavaria]]}}<hr/>13 September 1632 [[Schwaz]] {{Small|aged 45}} | style="background:#ffd" | 1623<hr/>13 September 1632 | style="background:#ffd" | [[Further Austria|Archduchy of Further Austria]] | [[Claudia de' Medici]] 19 April 1626 [[Innsbruck]] five children | When he was chosen as archduke regnant, he abdicated his ecclesiastical status (as he previously held the [[Bishopric of Passau|Bishoprics of Passau]] and [[Bishopric of Strasbourg|Strasbourg]]) in order to get married and have children.

|- | colspan=5 | {{Small|''Regency of [[Claudia de' Medici]] (1632–1646)''}} | rowspan=2 |

|- | [[File:Frans Luycx - Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Further Austria.jpg|100px]] '''[[Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Further Austria|Ferdinand Charles]]''' | 17 May 1628 [[Innsbruck]] {{Small|Eldest son of [[Leopold V, Archduke of Austria|Leopold V]] and [[Claudia de' Medici]]}}<hr/>30 December 1662 [[Kaltern]] {{Small|aged 34}} | style="background:#ffd" | 13 September 1632<hr/>30 December 1662 | style="background:#ffd" | [[Further Austria|Archduchy of Further Austria]] | [[Anna de' Medici, Archduchess of Austria|Anna de' Medici]] 10 June 1646 [[Innsbruck]] two children

|- | [[File:Frans Luycx 002.jpg|100px]] '''[[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand IV]]''' | 13 July 1608 [[Graz]] {{Small|Third son of [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]] and [[Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574–1616)|Maria Anna of Bavaria]] (II)}}<hr/>2 April 1657 [[Vienna]] {{Small|aged 48}} | style="background:#fde" | 15 February 1637<hr/>2 April 1657 | style="background:#fde" | [[Archduchy of Austria|Lower Austria]] and [[Inner Austria]] | [[Maria Anna of Spain]] 20 February 1631 [[Vienna]] six children [[Maria Leopoldine of Austria]] 2 July 1648 [[Linz]] one child [[Eleonora Gonzaga (1630–1686)|Eleonora Gonzaga]] (II) 30 April 1651 [[Wiener Neustadt]] four children | Also [[Holy Roman Emperor]] (1637–1657), and King of Hungary and Bohemia.

|- | [[File:Giovanni Maria Morandi 002.jpg|100px]] '''[[Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria|Sigismund Francis]]''' | 27 November 1630 [[Innsbruck]] {{Small|Second son of [[Leopold V, Archduke of Austria|Leopold V]] and [[Claudia de' Medici]]}}<hr/>25 June 1665 [[Innsbruck]] {{Small|aged 34}} | style="background:#ffd" | 30 December 1662<hr/>25 June 1665 | style="background:#ffd" | [[Further Austria|Archduchy of Further Austria]] | [[Countess Palatine Hedwig of Sulzbach|Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach]] 13 June 1665 [[Amberg-Sulzbach|Sulzbach]] no children | Brother of the predecessor. After his death, his territories reverted to the elder line.

|- | rowspan=2 | [[File:Benjamin von Block 001.jpg|100px]] '''[[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold VI]]''' | rowspan=2 | 9 June 1640 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Fourth son of [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand IV]] and [[Maria Anna of Spain]]}}<hr/>5 May 1705 [[Vienna]] aged 64 | style="background:#fde" | 2 April 1657<hr/>25 June 1665 | style="background:#fde" | [[Lower Austria|Archduchy of Lower]] and [[Inner Austria]] | rowspan=2 | [[Margaret Theresa of Spain]] 12 December 1666 [[Vienna]] four children [[Claudia Felicitas of Austria]] 15 October 1673 [[Graz]] two children [[Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg|Eleanor Magdalene of Palatinate-Neuburg]] 14 December 1676 [[Passau]] eleven children | rowspan=2 | Also [[Holy Roman Emperor]], and King of Bohemia and Hungary. In 1665, he unified Austria once more.

|- | 25 June 1665<hr/>5 May 1705 | [[Archduchy of Austria]]

|- | [[File:JosephI.1705.JPG|100px]] '''[[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph I]]''' | 26 July 1678 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Eldest son of [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]] and [[Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg]]}}<hr/>17 April 1711 [[Vienna]] {{Small|aged 32}} | 5 May 1705<hr/>17 April 1711 | [[Archduchy of Austria]] | [[Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick]] 10 June 1646 [[Vienna]] three children | Also [[Holy Roman Emperor]], and King of Bohemia and Hungary.

|- | [[File:Johann Gottfried Auerbach 004.jpg|100px]] '''[[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles III]]''' | 1 October 1685 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Second son of [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]] and [[Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg]]}}<hr/>20 October 1740 [[Vienna]] {{Small|aged 55}} | 17 April 1711<hr/>20 October 1740 | [[Archduchy of Austria]] | [[Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]] 1 August 1708 [[Santa Maria del Mar, Barcelona]] five children | Also [[Holy Roman Emperor]], and King of Bohemia and Hungary. In 1700, he claimed the [[Kingdom of Spain]] in the [[War of Spanish Succession]] (1700–1713).

|- | [[File:Maria Theresia im Spitzenbesetzten Kleid.jpg|100px]] '''[[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]]''' {{Small|''with [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I Stephen]] (1740–1765) [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]] (1765–1780)''}} | 13 May 1717 [[Hofburg Imperial Palace]] {{Small|Eldest daughter of [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]] and [[Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]}}<hr/>29 November 1780 [[Hofburg Imperial Palace]] {{Small|aged 63}} | 20 October 1740<hr/>29 November 1780 | [[Archduchy of Austria]] | rowspan=2 | 12 February 1736 [[Vienna]] [[Children of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa of Austria|sixteen children]] | Also Queen of Bohemia and Hungary.

|- | [[File:Francis I HRE.jpg|100px]] '''[[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I Stephen]]''' {{Small|''with [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]] (1740–1765)''}} | 8 December 1708 [[Nancy, France|Nancy]] {{Small|Fourth son of [[Leopold, Duke of Lorraine]] and [[Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans]]}}<hr/>18 August 1765 [[Innsbruck]] aged 56 | 20 October 1740<hr/>18 August 1765 | [[Archduchy of Austria]] | Also [[Holy Roman Emperor]] (1740–1765). Exchanged his original [[Duchy of Lorraine]] for the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]] (1737).

|- | colspan=6 | The Austrian agnatic branch ended in 1780 with the death of Maria Theresa of Austria and was replaced by a combination of the Austrian cognatic branch of the Habsburgs and the Vaudemont branch of the House of Lorraine in the person of her son Joseph II. The new successor house styled itself as Habsburg-Lorraine (''Habsburg-Lothringen''). All Habsburgs living today are in the agnatic descendants of Maria Theresa and Francis Stephen.

|- | [[File:Anton von Maron 006.png|100px]] '''[[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]]''' | 13 March 1741 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Eldest son of [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I Stephen]] and [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]]}}<hr/>20 February 1790 [[Vienna]] {{Small|aged 48}} | 29 November 1780<hr/>20 February 1790 | [[Archduchy of Austria]] {{Small|([[House of Habsburg-Lorraine|Habsburg-Lorraine]])}} | [[Isabella of Parma]] 6 October 1760 [[Vienna]] two children [[Maria Josepha of Bavaria]] 23 January 1765 [[Schönbrunn Palace|Schönbrunn]] no children | Co-ruling with his mother since the death of his father. Also [[Holy Roman Emperor]] (1765–1790).

|- | [[File:Johann Daniel Donat, Emperor Leopold II in the Regalia of the Golden Fleece (1806).png|100px]] '''[[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold VII]]''' | 5 May 1747 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Third son of [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I]] and [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]]}}<hr/>1 March 1792 [[Vienna]] {{Small|aged 44}} | 20 February 1790<hr/>1 March 1792 | [[Archduchy of Austria]] {{Small|([[House of Habsburg-Lorraine|Habsburg-Lorraine]])}} | [[Maria Luisa of Spain]] 16 February 1764 [[Innsbruck]] sixteen children | Had a brief reign. Also elected [[Holy Roman Emperor]] (1790–1792).

|- | [[File:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor at age 25, 1792.png|100px]] '''[[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis II]]''' | 12 February 1768 [[Florence]] {{Small|Eldest son of [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold VII]] and [[Maria Luisa of Spain]]}}<hr/>2 March 1835 [[Vienna]] {{Small|aged 67}} | 1 March 1792<hr/>11 August 1804 | [[Archduchy of Austria]] {{Small|([[House of Habsburg-Lorraine|Habsburg-Lorraine]])}} | [[Elisabeth of Württemberg]] 6 January 1788 [[Vienna]] one child [[Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily]] 15 September 1790 [[Vienna]] twelve children [[Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este]] 6 January 1808 [[Vienna]] no children [[Caroline Augusta of Bavaria]] 29 October 1816 [[Vienna]] no children | In 1804 Francis adopted the new title [[Emperor of Austria]], but kept the title of Archduke of Austria.

In 1806 the [[Holy Roman Empire]] was dissolved.

==Emperors of Austria (1804–1918)== {{See also|Emperor of Austria|Austrian Empire|Austria-Hungary}}

===House of Habsburg-Lorraine===

Following the [[Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire|dissolution]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], Francis created his own [[Austrian Empire]].

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! Ruler ! Birth<hr/>Death ! Reign ! Ruling part ! Consort ! Notes

|- bgcolor=#fff | [[File:Kupelwieser, Leopold - Porträt Kaiser Franz I. von Österreich.jpeg|100px]] '''[[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I]]''' | 12 February 1768 [[Florence]] {{Small|Eldest son of [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold VII, Archduke of Austria]] and [[Maria Luisa of Spain]]}}<hr/>2 March 1835 [[Vienna]] {{Small|aged 67}} | 11 August 1804<hr/>2 March 1835 | [[Austrian Empire]] | [[Elisabeth of Württemberg]] 6 January 1788 [[Vienna]] one child [[Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily]] 15 September 1790 [[Vienna]] 12 children [[Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este]] 6 January 1808 [[Vienna]] no children [[Caroline Augusta of Bavaria]] 29 October 1816 [[Vienna]] no children | |- bgcolor=#fff | [[File:Leopold Kupelwieser - Kaiser Ferdinand I.jpg|100px]] '''[[Ferdinand I of Austria|Ferdinand I]]''' ''the Benevolent'' | 19 April 1793 [[Vienna]] {{Small|Son of [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I]] and [[Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily]]}}<hr/>29 June 1875 [[Prague]] {{Small|aged 82}} | 2 March 1835<hr/>2 December 1848 | [[Austrian Empire]] | [[Maria Anna of Savoy]] 12 February 1831 [[Turin]] {{Small|(by [[procuration]])}} no children | Abdicated due to the [[Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire|Revolutions of 1848]].

|- bgcolor=#fff | [[File:Portrait of Franz Joseph I by Franz Xaver Winterhalter.jpg|100px]] '''[[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Francis Joseph]]''' | 18 August 1830 [[Florence]] {{Small|Son of [[Archduke Franz Karl of Austria]] and [[Princess Sophie of Bavaria]]}}<hr/>21 November 1916 [[Vienna]] {{Small|aged 86}} | 2 December 1848<hr/>21 November 1916 | [[Austrian Empire]]<hr/>[[Cisleithania]] | [[Empress Elisabeth of Austria|Elisabeth of Bavaria]] 24 April 1854 [[Vienna]] four children | Nephew of Ferdinand I, and grandson of Francis I. The Empire became a dual monarchy following the [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867]], forming [[Austria-Hungary]].

|- bgcolor=#fff | [[File:Porträt Kaiser Karls I. von Habsburg-Lothringen mit den Orden vom Goldenen Vlies.jpg|100px]] '''[[Charles I of Austria|Charles]]''' | 17 August 1887 [[Persenbeug-Gottsdorf]] {{Small|Son of [[Archduke Otto Franz of Austria]] and [[Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony (1867–1944)|Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony]]}}<hr/>1 April 1922 [[Funchal]] {{Small|aged 34}} | 21 November 1916<hr/>12 November 1918 | [[Cisleithania]] | [[Zita of Bourbon-Parma]] 21 October 1911 [[Schwarzau am Steinfeld]] eight children | Grand-nephew of Francis Joseph I, and great-great-grandson of Francis I.

Following the defeat in [[World War I]], [[Austria-Hungary]] was [[Dissolution of Austria-Hungary|dissolved]] in 1918.

==See also== * [[Austrian nobility]] * [[History of Austria]] * [[Pragmatic Sanction of 1713]] * [[List of Austrian consorts]] * [[List of heirs to the Austrian throne]] * [[List of presidents of Austria]] * [[List of chancellors of Austria]] * [[List of Marshals of Austria]] * [[Symmetria iuridico Austriaca]]

== References == {{reflist}}

===Works cited=== {{refbegin}} * {{Cite book |last=Angold |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Angold |chapter=The Latin Empire of Constantinople, 1204–1261: Marriage Strategies |title=Identities and Allegiances in the Eastern Mediterranean after 1204 |date=2011 |location=Farnham |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited |pages=47–68 |isbn=978-1409410980 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_mazcfdpVIC}} * {{cite book |last=Lyon |first=Jonathan R. |title=Princely Brothers and Sisters: The Sibling Bond in German Politics, 1100-1250 |publisher=Cornell University Press |location=Ithaca and London |date=2013 |isbn=978-0801451300}} {{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Monarchs of Austria}} [[Category:Monarchs of Austria|*]] [[Category:Austria history-related lists]] [[Category:Lists of rulers in Europe|Austria]]