{{Short description|Geographic region in southern Syria}} {{about|the geographic region|the state|Jabal Druze State}} {{pp-move-vandalism|small=yes}} {{more footnotes needed|date=May 2016}} {{Infobox mountain | name = Jabal al-Druze | other_name = Jabal al-Druze<br>Jabal Hauran | image = Tell Qeni.jpg | image_size = 260px | image_caption = Tell Qeni, the highest peak of Jabal al-Druze | map = Syria | mapframe = yes <!----------------------- HIGHEST POINT -->| highest = Tell Qeni | highest_location = Suwayda Governorate, Syria | elevation = 1,803 m (5,916 ft) | elevation_ref = | prominence = | prominence_ref = | coordinates = {{Coord|32|40|N|36|44|E|region:SY_type:mountain_source:GNS-enwiki}} | coordinates_ref = <!----------------------- NAMING --> | etymology = Named after the Druze people who inhabit the region | native_name = {{Lang|ar|جبل الدروز}} | native_name_lang = ar | translation = Mountain of the Druze <!----------------------- GEOGRAPHY -->| location = As-Suwayda Governorate, Syria | country = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg}} Syria | region = As-Suwayda Governorate | settlement = As-Suwayda, Shahba, Salkhad | range = Hauran | biome = Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests <!----------------------- GEOLOGY -->| formed_by = Volcanism | age = Pleistocene to Holocene | type = Volcanic field | geology = Basalt | volcanic_zone = Harrat al-Sham | last_eruption = Holocene }} {{Druze|Holy places}} '''Jabal al-Druze''' ({{langx |Ar|جبل الدروز|Jabal ad-Durūz|Mountain of the Druze}}), also known as '''Jabal al-Arab''' or '''Jabal Hauran''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.syria.tv/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84-%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-1891-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AE-%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8|publisher=Syria.TV|date=14 February 2024|title=انتفاضة العامية في جبل(العرب) 1891.. كتاب يؤرخ تكوين جبل العرب |language=ar}}</ref> is an elevated volcanic region in Hauran in the Suwayda Governorate of southern Syria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount al-Durūz: Lebanon, Anti-Lebanon Range, Summit |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mount-al-Duruz |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Most of the inhabitants of this region are Druze, and there are also significant Christian communities.<ref name="washingtoninstitute.org">[https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-druze-and-assad-strategic-bedfellows The Druze and Assad: Strategic Bedfellows]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://npasyria.com/en/46967/|title=Christians in Syria's Suwayda discuss history, coexistence with Druze majority|date=18 September 2020|publisher=North Press}}</ref> Safaitic inscriptions were first found in this area. The Jabal Druze State was an autonomous area in the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon from 1921 to 1936, which had 42 of the Haurans ~180 towns.<ref>{{Cite web |title=11. French Syria (1919-1946) |url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/home/research-projects/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/french-syria-1919-1946/ |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=uca.edu |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1923 |title=French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2212963 |journal=The American Journal of International Law |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=177–182 |doi=10.2307/2212963 |jstor=2212963 |issn=0002-9300|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last="أبي راشد، حنا" |url=http://archive.org/details/AAlexandrina-223592 |title=223592_حوران_الدامية_بحث_عام_في_تاريخ_شعوبها |date=1926 |publisher=مكتبة زيدان العمومية |pages=40–100 |language=Arabic}}</ref> In the past, the name Jabal al-Druze was used for a different area, located in Mount Lebanon.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}
In Syria, most Druze reside in Suwayda Governorate, which encompasses almost all of Jabal al-Druze. This governorate is unique in Syria as it has a Druze majority. Additionally, it has integrated Christian communities that have long coexisted harmoniously with the Druze in these mountains.<ref name="Balanche 2017 27">{{cite book|title=Atlas of the Near East: State Formation and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1918–2010|last=Balanche |first=Fabrice|year=2017|isbn=9789004345188|page=27|publisher=Brill|quote=...comprised 50,328 inhabitants, of whom 85 per cent were Druze, and it integrated Christian communities (7,000 people) who had long lived in these mountains in harmony with the Druze.}}</ref>
In the 1980s Druze made up 87.6% of the population, Christians (mostly Greek Orthodox) 11% and Sunni Muslims 2%.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pipes |first=Daniel |date=1990 |title=Greater Syria: The History of an Ambition |url=https://archive.org/details/greatersyriahist00pipe_0 |url-access=registration |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/greatersyriahist00pipe_0/page/151 151] |isbn=978-0-19-506021-8 }}</ref> In 2010, the As-Suwayda governorate has a population of about 375,000 inhabitants, Druze made up 90%, Christians 7% and Sunni Muslims 3%.<ref name="washingtoninstitute.org"/> Due to low birth and high emigration rates, the Christian proportion in As-Suwayda had declined.<ref name="washingtoninstitute.org"/>
==Geology== {{unreferenced section|date=July 2021}} thumb|260px|Map of Jabal al-Druze The Jabal al-Druze volcanic field, the southernmost in Syria, lies in the Haurun-Druze Plateau in SW Syria near the border with Jordan. The most prominent feature of this volcanic field is 1800m-high Jabal al-Druze (also known variously as Jabal ad Duruz, Djebel Al-Arab, Jabal Druze, Djebel ed Drouz).<ref name="VolcanoDiscoveryJabal">{{Cite web |title=Jabal ad Druze volcanic field, Syria – Facts & Information |url=https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/jabal-ad-druze.html |access-date=1 September 2025 |publisher=Volcano Discovery}}</ref> The alkaline volcanic field consists of a group of 118 basaltic volcanoes active from the lower-Pleistocene to the Holocene (2.6 million years ago to present). The large SW Plateau depression is filled by basaltic lava flows from volcanoes aligned in a NW-SE direction. This volcanic field lies within the northern part of the massive alkaline Harrat al-Sham (also known as Harrat al-Shaam) volcanic field that extends from southern Syria to Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{Cite journal |first1=M.-S. |last1=Krienitz |first2=K. M. |last2=Haase |first3=K. |last3=Mezger |first4=M. A. |last4=Shaikh-Mashail |title=Magma Genesis and Mantle Dynamics at the Harrat Ash Shamah Volcanic Field (Southern Syria) |url=https://academic.oup.com/petrology/article/48/8/1513/1471610 |journal=Journal of Petrology |volume=48 |issue=8 |date=August 2007 |pages=1513–1542 |doi=10.1093/petrology/egm028 |access-date=2024-07-22 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref>
==Peaks== {{unreferenced section|date=March 2020}} * Tell Qeni (1,803 m) * Tell Joualine (1,732 m) * Tell Sleiman (1,703 m) * Tell Qleib (1,698 m) * Tell Abou-Hamra (1,482 m) * Tell El-Ahmar (1,452 m) * Tell Abed-Mar (1,436 m) * Tell Khodr-Imtan (1,341 m) * Tell Azran (1,220 m) * Tell Shihan (1,138 m)
In Arabic, the word "''tell''" means "mound" or "hill", but in Jabal al-Druze it rather refers to a volcanic cone.
==See also== *Druze in Syria *Jabal Druze State *List of volcanoes in Syria
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}} {{Druze footer|uncollapsed}} {{Coord|32|40|N|36|44|E|region:SY_type:mountain_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title}}
Jabal ad Duruz Category:Volcanic fields Category:Druze communities in Syria Druze Category:Cultural regions Category:Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests