{{Short description|American documentary filmmaker (1924–2014)}} {{other uses}} {{Infobox person | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = Robert Lincoln Drew | birth_date = {{birth date|1924|2|15}} | birth_place = Toledo, Ohio, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|2014|7|30|1924|2|15}} | death_place = Sharon, Connecticut, U.S. | other_names = | occupation = Documentary filmmaker | years_active = 1955–2014 | spouse = {{marriage|Ruth Faris|1945|end=div.}}<br>{{marriage|Anne Gilbert|1969}} | children = 3 | website = }} '''Robert Lincoln Drew''' (February 15, 1924 – July 30, 2014) was an American documentary filmmaker known as a pioneer—and sometimes called the father<ref name="Variety obit">{{cite web|title=Robert Drew, Documentarian Who Fathered Cinéma Vérité, Dies at 90|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/robert-drew-documentarian-who-fathered-cinema-verite-dies-at-90-1201272280/|website=variety.com|date=30 July 2014 |publisher=Variety}}</ref><ref name="O'Connell">{{cite book|last1=O'Connell|first1=P.J.|title=Robert Drew and the Development of Cinéma Vérité in America|date=November 26, 1992|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|isbn=0809317796|pages=[https://archive.org/details/robertdrewdevel00ocon/page/5 5–9]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/robertdrewdevel00ocon/page/5}}</ref>—of cinéma vérité, or direct cinema, in the United States. Two of his films, ''Primary'' (1960) and ''Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment'' (1963), were named to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress.<ref name=Registry>{{cite web|title=National Film Registry Titles|url=https://www.loc.gov/film/registry_titles.php|website=National Film Preservation Board|publisher=Library of Congress|accessdate=2014-07-28}}</ref> In 1993 he was a recipient of the Career Achievement Award from the International Documentary Association.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.paleycenter.org/collection/item/?q=cinema+verite&p=1&item=T:64094 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722044919/http://www.paleycenter.org/collection/item/?q=cinema+verite&p=1&item=T:64094 |archive-date=July 22, 2014 |title=Museum of Television & Radio Leonard H. Goldenson University Satellite Seminar Series, Cinéma Vérité and the Search for Documentary Truth (Long Version) |website=The Paley Center}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Fisher |first=Bob |title=Drew Retrospective Airs on Documentary Channel |date=March 8, 2011 |website=International Documentary Association |url=https://www.documentary.org/online-feature/drew-retrospective-airs-documentary-channel}}</ref>
==Biography== Robert Drew was born in Toledo, Ohio. His father, Robert Woodsen Drew, was a film salesman and a pilot who ran a seaplane business. Drew grew up mostly in Fort Thomas, Kentucky. In 1942 he left high school to join the U.S. Army Air Corps as a cadet<ref name="Variety obit" /> and qualified for officer's training. At the age of 19, he was a combat pilot in Italy flying the P-51 dive bomber, completing 30 successful combat missions.<ref name="O'Connell" /> During that time, he met Ernie Pyle, an important experience for a pilot who would become a journalist.<ref name="IMDb Two Men">{{cite web|title=From Two Men and a War|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455952/|website=IMDb|accessdate=2014-07-25}}</ref> Drew was shot down behind enemy lines, where he survived for more than three months. After returning to the U.S., he was a pilot in the 1st Fighter Group, the first to fly jet airplanes. He wrote an article for ''Life'' magazine about the experience flying a P-80 and was subsequently offered a job with the magazine.<ref name="O'Connell" />
Drew said in a 1993 interview that as far back as the late 1940s, "I began thinking about developing a kind of film journalism that was as flexible as candid photography".<ref>{{cite news |last=McKenna |first=Kristine |date=November 2, 1993 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |title=He Looked at J.F.K. Without the Myths: Robert Drew's documentaries following Kennedy from the campaign to presidency to his funeral played a key role in pioneering a synthesis of journalism and film |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-11-02-ca-52247-story.html |url-access=limited}}</ref> While working as a writer and editor at ''Life'', he won Harvard University's Nieman Fellowship for journalism. During his Nieman year in 1955, he focused on two questions: Why are documentaries so dull? What would it take for them to become gripping and exciting?<ref>{{cite web |url=https://niemanreports.org/a-nieman-year-spent-pondering-storytelling/ |title=A Nieman Year Spent Pondering Storytelling|last1=Drew |first1=Robert |date=September 15, 2001 |website=Nieman Reports |publisher=Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University |access-date=2016-08-19}}</ref> His answers were "that documentaries, with their stitched-together footage and stilted narration, had been little more than lectures, and that television had the ability to draw audiences into dramatic stories with an immediacy it had yet to exploit."<ref name=NYT_obit>{{cite news |last=Weber |first=Bruce |date=August 1, 2014 |title=Robert L. Drew, Pioneer in Documentary Filmmaking, Dies at 90 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/01/movies/robert-l-drew-pioneer-in-filmmaking-dies-at-90.html |url-access=limited |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref>
He formed a unit within Time Inc. with the aim of creating documentary films that would use picture logic rather than word logic.<ref>{{cite web |title=Direct Cinema: Richard Leacock and Robert Drew discuss the original philosophy of 'Direct Cinema' |url-status=live |website=YouTube |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/8TsAnUmIzYY |date=June 8, 2008 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TsAnUmIzYY |archive-date=2021-12-14}}{{cbignore}}</ref> As he articulated it, he envisioned a type of documentary that would "find a dramatic logic in which things really happened".<ref name=Interview>{{cite web |title=Filmmaker Robert Drew discusses his ideas that created American cinéma vérité (1962) |access-date=2014-07-25 |url=https://vimeo.com/84270680 |website=Vimeo |date=January 15, 2014}}</ref> It would be "a theater without actors; it would be plays without playwrights; it would be reporting without summary and opinion; it would be the ability to look in on people's lives at crucial times from which you could deduce certain things and see a kind of truth that can only be gotten from personal experience."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2014/11/jane-the-chair-and-more-drew-associates-documentaries-to-stream-on-sundancenow-doc-club-67992/ |title='Jane', 'The Chair' and More Drew Associates Documentaries to Stream on SundanceNow Doc Club |last1=Cipriani |first1=Casey |date=2014-11-14 |website=IndieWire |language=en |access-date=2019-07-27}}</ref> To realize his vision, he needed lightweight camera equipment that operated silently, along with recorded synchronized sound. He was able to persuade Time Inc. to finance development of the new equipment.<ref name=NYT_obit />
Some of Drew's early short-form documentaries premiered on ''The Ed Sullivan Show''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/weightlessness/ |title=Weightlessness |publisher=Drew Associates |date=September 2016}}</ref> and ''The Jack Paar Tonight Show''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bullfight at Malaga |publisher=Drew Associates |date=May 2016 |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/bullfight-at-malaga/}}</ref> In 1960, he founded Drew Associates and recruited like-minded filmmakers including Richard Leacock, D. A. Pennebaker, Terence Macartney-Filgate, and Albert Maysles,<ref name="O'Connell" /> all of whom went on to their own celebrated careers.<ref name="Newcomb">{{cite book |last1=Newcomb |first1=Horace |title=Encyclopedia of Television |date=2004 |page=762 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1579583941}}</ref> They experimented with new technology, for example, syncing camera and sound with the parts of a watch.
Among the best-known works of Drew Associates is ''Primary'' (1960), a documentary about the April 1960 Wisconsin primary election between Democratic Party candidates Hubert Humphrey and John F. Kennedy. It is considered one of the first direct cinema documentaries.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Brody |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Brody |date=November 22, 2013 |magazine=The New Yorker |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/j-f-k-before-the-camera |url-access=limited |title=J.F.K. Before the Camera}}</ref> For the film, Drew had Mitch Bogdanovich make smaller 16mm cameras, which allowed for hand-held use and a much closer look at political candidates and campaigning than was previously possible.<ref>{{cite web |title=D. Documentary Canon |website=Best Loved Films |url=https://bestlovedfilms.com/d-documentary-canon/ |date=July 15, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Clubb |first=Issa |title=10 Things I Learned: The Kennedy Films of Robert Drew & Associates |url=https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/5587-10-things-i-learned-the-kennedy-films-of-robert-drew-associates |date=April 27, 2017 |website=The Criterion Collection}}</ref> According to critic Matt Zoller Seitz, ''Primary'' "had as immense and measurable an impact on nonfiction filmmaking as ''Birth of a Nation'' had on fiction filmmaking."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Seitz |first1=Matt Zoller |title=Filmmaker Robert Drew on light cameras and light rifles |date=February 16, 2015 |newspaper=New York Press |url=https://www.nypress.com/news/filmmaker-robert-drew-on-light-cameras-and-light-rifles-BXNP1020031125311259999 |via=Straus News}}</ref>
After Kennedy responded positively to ''Primary'', Drew "proposed to make a next film on him as a President having to deal with a crisis. 'Yes,' he said, 'What if I could look back and see what went on in the White House in the 24 hours before Roosevelt declared war on Japan?'"<ref>{{cite web |title=A Breakthrough Moment in Reality Filmmaking |url=https://drewassociates.com/cinema-verite/ |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19}}</ref> They got their chance in spring of 1963 when Governor George Wallace of Alabama pledged, as a show of support for segregation, to personally stand in the doorway to block enrollment of the first two African-American students at the University of Alabama. Drew secured permission for his camera crews to film in the White House and in the office of Attorney General Robert Kennedy, as well as in Alabama at the home of Governor Wallace and at the university. The film footage covers the days leading up to June 11, 1963, when Wallace made his infamous stand. The resulting film, ''Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment'', aired on TV in October 1963 and fueled discussions about the Civil Rights Movement. It also raised questions about cinéma vérité, and whether the people being filmed alter their behavior out of self-consciousness or a desire to manipulate the process.{{sfn|O'Connell|1992|pp=193–95}}
Over the course of his career, Drew made scores of documentaries and won numerous awards, including an Emmy for ''Man Who Dances'' (1968) about the ballet dancer Edward Villella.<ref name=NYT_obit /> Drew's films were shown on ABC, PBS, the BBC, and at international film festivals.<ref name="Broadcast" /> His subjects included politics, civil rights, social and environmental issues, and the arts. One of his last documentaries was ''From Two Men and a War'' (2005), which recounts his experiences as a World War II fighter pilot and his encounters with the Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter Ernie Pyle.<ref name="Tribeca Two Men">{{cite web |url=http://tribecafilm.com/filmguide/archive/512ce4001c7d76e046000b49-from-two-men-and-a-war |title=From Two Men and a War |access-date=2014-07-30 |archive-date=2014-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810052645/http://tribecafilm.com/filmguide/archive/512ce4001c7d76e046000b49-from-two-men-and-a-war |url-status=dead |website=Tribeca Film Festival}}</ref>
Drew's second wife, Anne Gilbert, was a documentarian at Drew Associates and often worked with her husband on film projects.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.documentary.org/column/anne-drew-award-winning-documentary-filmmaker-drew-associates-dies |title=Anne Drew, Award-Winning Documentary Filmmaker with Drew Associates, Dies | International Documentary Association |date=20 April 2012 }}</ref> His extended family member Sybil Drew also became a journalist and documentarian.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3091159/ |title=Sybil Drew IMDB Page |website=IMDb | date=12 September 2025}}</ref> Director Sir Ridley Scott credited his early experience working as an assistant at Drew Associates with turning his career from design to film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ridley Scott's ''American Gangster'' |access-date=2014-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027024412/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=38623 |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=38623|website=Coming Soon.Net|publisher=Coming Soon |url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-10-27}}</ref>
==Death== Robert Drew died on July 30, 2014, at his home in Sharon, Connecticut. He was 90.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pedersen |first=Erik |url=https://deadline.com/2014/07/robert-drew-dead-father-of-cinema-verite-primary-812474/ |title=Robert Drew Dead, Cinéma Vérité Pioneer |publisher=Deadline Hollywood |date=1924-02-15 |access-date=2014-07-31}}</ref>
==Legacy== In a statement after Drew's death, documentarian Michael Moore said, "Modern art has Picasso, rock 'n' roll has Bill Haley, and the documentary film has Robert Drew. All of us who make nonfiction movies can trace our lineage to what he created."<ref name=NYT_obit />
The film and video collection of Robert Drew is housed at the Academy Film Archive.<ref>{{cite web|title=Robert Drew Collection|url=https://www.oscars.org/film-archive/collections/robert-drew-collection-0|website=Academy Film Archive}}</ref> The Archive has preserved a number of his films, including ''Primary'', ''Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment'', ''Faces of November'', ''Herself: Indira Gandhi'', and ''Bravo! / Kathy's Dance''.<ref name="Variety obit" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Preserved Projects |url=https://www.oscars.org/academy-film-archive/preserved-projects |website=Academy Film Archive}}</ref>
== Select filmography == [[File:Who's Out There (1973).ogv|thumb|thumbtime=21|''Who's Out There?'' (1973), an award-winning NASA documentary film by Robert Drew about the likelihood of life on other planets]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1954 | ''Key Picture (Magazine X)'' | <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1957 | ''American Football'' | <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1957 | ''{{sortname|The|B-52|nolink=1}}'' | <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1958 | ''Balloon Ascension'' | <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1958 | ''Weightless'' | <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1959 | ''Bullfight'' | <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1960 | ''On the Pole'' | <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1960 | ''Yanki No!'' | <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1960 | ''Primary'' | Best Documentary, Flaherty Award<br>Blue Ribbon Award, American Film Festival<br>Outstanding Film, London Film Festival<ref name="O'Connell" /><br>National Film Registry, Library of Congress<ref name="Registry" /> |- | 1961 | ''Adventures on the New Frontier'' | <ref>{{cite web |title=Adventures on the New Frontier |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=July 18, 2014 |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/adventures-on-the-new-frontier/}}</ref> |- | 1961 | ''{{sortname|The|Children Were Watching|nolink=1}}'' | <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1961 | ''Petey and Johnny'' | Outstanding Film, London Film Festival <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1961 | ''Mooney vs. Fowle'' | Outstanding Film, London Film Festival <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1961 | ''On the Pole: Eddie Sachs'' | <ref name="O'Connell" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/on-the-pole-eddie-sachs/ |title=On the Pole: Eddie Sachs |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19 }}</ref> |- | 1962 | ''{{sortname|The|Chair|nolink=1}}'' | First Prize, Cannes Film Festival <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1962 | ''Blackie'' |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/blackie/ |title=Blackie |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19 }}</ref> |- | 1962 | ''Nehru'' |<ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1962 | ''{{sortname|The|Aga Khan|nolink=1}}'' |<ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1962 | ''Susan Starr'' |<ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1962 | ''Jane'' |<ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1963 | ''Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment'' |National Film Registry, Library of Congress<ref name="Registry" /><br>First prize, Venice Film Festival<br>Cine Golden Eagle<br>First Prize, International Documentary Film Festival, Bilbao<ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1964 | ''Faces of November'' |First prize, Venice Film Festival<ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1966 | ''Storm Signal'' |First prize, Venice Film Festival<ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1968 | ''Man Who Dances'' |First Prize, International Cinema Exhibition, Bilbao,<ref name="O'Connell" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Man Who Dances: Edward Villella|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0521118/|website=IMDb}}</ref><br>Cine Golden Eagle<br>Emmy Award, National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences<ref name=Broadcast>{{cite web |title=Drew, Robert |access-date=2014-07-25|archive-date=2014-07-28 |url=http://www.museum.tv/eotv/drewrobert.htm|website=Museum of Broadcast Communications|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728094603/http://www.museum.tv/eotv/drewrobert.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | 1968 | ''On the Road with Duke Ellington'' |Cine Golden Eagle <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1968 | ''The New Met'' |First Prize, International Cinema Exhibition, Bilbao<br>Cine Golden Eagle <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1969 | ''Jazz: The Intimate Art'' |Cine Golden Eagle <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1969 | ''{{sortname|The|Space Duet of Spider and Gumdrop|nolink=1}}'' |Cine Golden Eagle <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1969 | ''Martian Investigations'' |Cine Golden Eagle <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1969 | ''{{sortname|The|Sun Ship Game}}'' |Cine Golden Eagle <ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1973 | ''Who's Out There?'' |Cine Golden Eagle<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/whos-out-there/ |title=Who's Out There? |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19 }}</ref> |- | 1976 | ''Parade of the Tall Ships'' |Cine Golden Eagle<ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1977 | ''Kathy's Dance'' |Cine Golden Eagle<br>Silver Hugo, Chicago Film Festival<br>Blue Ribbon Award, American Film Festival<ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1978 | ''Talent for America'' |<ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1979 | ''Grasshopper Plague'' |<ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1979 | ''Maine Winter'' |<ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1979 | ''One Room Schoolhouse'' |<ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1982 | ''784 Days That Changed America: From Watergate to Resignation'' |Peabody Award<br>American Bar Association Silver Gavel Award<br>International Film and TV Festival of New York Gold Award<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/784-days-that-changed-america-from-watergate-to-resignation/ |title=784 Days That Changed America: From Watergate to Resignation |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19 }}</ref> |- | 1982 | ''Herself, Indira Gandhi'' |Cine Golden Eagle<ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1982 | ''Fire Season'' |<ref name="O'Connell" /> |- | 1984 | ''Warning from Gangland'' |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/warning-from-gangland/ |title=Warning from Gangland |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19 }}</ref> |- | 1984 | ''Marshall High Fights Back'' |Cine Golden Eagle<br>Nomination, Emmy Award<br>First Prize, Education Writers Association<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/marshall-high-fights-back/ |title=Marshall High Fights Back |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19 }}</ref> |- | 1985 | ''Shootout on Imperial Highway'' |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/shootout-on-imperial-highway/ |title=Shootout on Imperial Highway |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19 }}</ref> |- | 1986 | ''For Auction: An American Hero'' |Best Documentary, Alfred I. duPont–Columbia University Award<br>Cine Golden Eagle<br>Nominee, Emmy Award<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/for-auction-an-american-hero/ |title=For Auction: An American Hero |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19 }}</ref> |- | 1988 | ''River of Hawks'' |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/river-of-hawks/ |title=River of Hawks |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19 }}</ref> |- | 1988 | ''Your Flight is Cancelled'' |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/your-flight-is-cancelled/ |title=Your Flight is Cancelled |website= |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19 }}</ref> |- | 1988 | ''Messages from the Birds'' |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/messages-from-birds/ |title=Messages from the Birds |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19 }}</ref> |- | 1990 | ''London to Peking: The Great Motoring Challenge'' |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/london-to-peking-the-great-motoring-challenge/ |title=London to Peking: The Great Motoring Challenge |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19 }}</ref> |- | 1991 | ''Life and Death of a Dynasty'' |Cine Golden Eagle<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/life-and-death-of-a-dynasty/ |title=Life and Death of a Dynasty |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19 }}</ref> |- | 1996 | ''L.A. Champions'' |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/l-a-champions/ |title=L.A. Champions |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19 }}</ref> |- | 1996 | ''On the Trail of the Vanishing Birds'' |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/on-the-trail-of-the-vanishing-birds/ |title=On the Trail of the Vanishing Birds |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19 }}</ref> |- | 2005 | ''From Two Men and a War'' |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/two-men-war/ |title=From Two Men and a War |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19 }}</ref><ref name="Tribeca Two Men" /> |- | 2008 | ''{{sortname|A|President to Remember: In the Company of JFK|nolink=1}}'' |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drewassociates.com/films/a-president-to-remember-in-the-company-of-jfk/ |title=A President to Remember: In the Company of JFK |publisher=Drew Associates |access-date=2016-08-19 }}</ref><ref name=Sutton>{{cite web|last1=Sutton|first1=Ron|title=JFK Redux: From Two Men and a War |url=https://www.documentary.org/feature/jfk-redux-robert-drews-president-remember |website=Documentary.org |date=September 2008 |publisher=International Documentary Association |accessdate=2014-07-30}}</ref> |}
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
== Further reading == * P. J. O'Connell, ''Robert Drew and the Development of Cinéma Vérité in America'', Southern University Press, 1992. * Margaret A. Blanchard, ''History of the Mass Media in the United States'', Routledge, 1999. * ''New Challenges for Documentary'', edited by Alan Rosenthal, University of California Press, 1988 (contains chapter by Robert Drew). * Dave Saunders, ''Direct Cinema: Observational Documentary and the Politics of the Sixties'', London, Wallflower Press, 2007. * Richard Leacock, ''The Feeling of Being There: A Filmmaker's Memoir'', Semeion Editions, 2011.
== External links == * {{IMDb name|id=0237707}} * [https://drewassociates.com/ Drew Associates web page] * [https://clio.columbia.edu/catalog/4074753 "Reminiscences of Robert Drew, 1980"] from Columbia University Libraries oral history collection * [https://vimeo.com/50533709 ''The Camera That Changed The World''] – a 59-minute documentary by Mandy Chang on the filmmakers and engineers who built the first hand-held cameras * [https://tubitv.com/tv-shows/200166605/s01-e04-episode-4 "Raw Footage S01:E04"] 1996 interview of Drew by Alec Baldwin * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuiX9xBbwc0 Excerpt on Drew from Peter Witonick's 1999 documentary ''Cinéma Vérité: Defining the Moment''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071101033927/http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/D/htmlD/drewrobert/drewrobert.htm Drew, Robert] – Biographic profile of Drew in the Museum of Broadcast Communications * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080928124653/http://www.ifc.com/film/film-news/2008/04/tribeca-08-robert-drew-on-a-pr.php Interview with Robert Drew] – Conducted at 2008 Tribeca Festival * [https://vimeo.com/56163906 "Drew Masterworks, DVD intro film"]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Drew, Robert}} Category:1924 births Category:2014 deaths Category:American cinema pioneers Category:American documentary filmmakers Category:American Experience Category:Articles containing video clips Category:Artists from Toledo, Ohio Category:Film directors from Ohio Category:Military personnel from Ohio Category:Military personnel from Toledo, Ohio Category:Peabody Award winners Category:Shot-down aviators Category:United States Army Air Forces officers Category:United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II