{{Short description|Species of orchid endemic to Western Australia}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Speciesbox | image = Drakaea livida (8692954680).jpg | image_caption = | status = | status_system = | genus = Drakaea | species = livida | authority = [[James Drummond (botanist)|J.Drumm.]]<ref name="APC">{{cite web |title=''Drakaea livida'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/83835 |publisher=Australian Plant Census |access-date=7 January 2023}}</ref> | synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO>{{cite web |url= https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:105802-3 |title= ''Drakaea livida'' J.Drumm. |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=n.d. |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=January 7, 2023}}</ref> | synonyms =''Drakaea fitzgeraldii'' <small>[[Schltr.]]</small> }}
'''''Drakaea livida''''', commonly known as '''warty hammer orchid''',<ref name="Brown">{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Andrew |last2=Dixon |first2=Kingsley |last3=French |first3=Christopher |last4=Brockman |first4=Gary |title=Field guide to the orchids of Western Australia: the definitive guide to the native orchids of Western Australia |date=2013 |publisher=Simon Nevill Publications |isbn=978-0-9803481-4-9 |page=239}}</ref> is a species of [[orchid]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to the south–west of [[Western Australia]]. It is [[Pollination|pollinated]] by a single species of male [[Thynnidae|thynnid]] [[wasp]] using sexual deception. The orchid's [[Labellum (botany)|labellum]] is similar in shape and scent to a flightless female thynnid wasp. Although the species was formally described in 1842, the description was often later overlooked and other hammer orchids were given the name ''Drakea livida''. It is now known to be, along with ''[[Drakaea glyptodon]]'', one of the most widespread of the [[genus]].
== Description == ''Drakaea livida'' is similar to others in the genus in that it has a single, ground hugging leaf and an underground tuber. In this case, the leaf is heart shaped, about {{convert|20|mm|in|sigfig=1}} in diameter. The leaf is a somewhat glossy olive green with darker lines radiating from the attachment to the stem. The stem is {{convert|15-40|cm|in|sigfig=1}} long, sometimes longer and the stalk of the single flower is {{convert|12-15|mm|in|sigfig=1}} long.<ref name=Hopper>{{cite journal|last1=Hopper|first1=Stephen D.|last2=Brown|first2=Andrew P.|title=A revision of Australia' s hammer orchids (Drakaea: Orchidaceae), with some field data on species-specific sexually deceived wasp pollinators|journal=Australian Systematic Botany|date=2007|volume=20|issue=3|pages=273–275|doi=10.1071/SB06033}}</ref><ref name="Brown" />
The flower is also similar to those of other hammer orchids in that the labellum resembles a flightless female thynnid wasp, in this case ''[[Zaspilothynnus nigripes]]''.<ref name="PLoS ONE">{{cite journal|last1=Menz|first1=Myles H. M.|last2=Phillips|first2=Ryan D.|last3=Dixon|first3=Kingsley W.|last4=Peakall|first4=Rod|last5=Didham|first5=Raphael K.|last6=Chapman|first6=Maura Geraldine|title=Mate-Searching Behaviour of Common and Rare Wasps and the Implications for Pollen Movement of the Sexually Deceptive Orchids They Pollinate|journal=PLOS One|date=11 March 2013|volume=8|issue=3|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0059111|article-number=e59111|pmid=23536860|pmc=3594162|doi-access=free}}</ref> This species can be distinguished by the pointed [[Column (botany)|column]], the pointed, upturned end of the labellum and the swollen labellum body. The [[sepal]] at the back of the flower is {{convert|12-15|mm|in|sigfig=1}} long and the two at the sides are {{convert|10-12|mm|in|sigfig=1}}. The [[petals]] are also {{convert|10-12|mm|in|sigfig=1}} long. The insect-like labellum has a "head" about one-third long as the "body" and has a pair of dark projections near its base . The stalk of the labellum, joining it to the hinge, is spotted. The part of the labellum representing the female "body" of the insect greenish- yellow at the top end, spotted with maroon and the lower end is dark maroon in colour and swollen as in ''[[Drakaea glyptodon]]''. The "head" part of the labellum is about one-quarter the length of the "body" and may be [[Glabrousness|glabrous]] or covered with long hairs. Flowers appear from August to the middle of October.<ref name="Hopper" />
== Taxonomy and naming == ''Drakaea livida'' was first formally described by [[James Drummond (botanist)|James Drummond]] in 1842. The description was published in [[William Jackson Hooker|Hooker's]] ''London Journal of Botany''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Drakaea livida''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/501611|publisher=APNI|access-date=10 July 2019}}</ref><ref name=Drummond>{{cite journal|last1=Drummond|first1=James|title=Botanical Intelligence from the Swan River|journal=London Journal of Botany|date=1842|volume=1|page=628|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40367#page/634/mode/1up|access-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> The [[Botanical name|specific epithet]] is a [[Latin]] word meaning "bluish", or "black and blue",<ref name="RWB">{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page=492}}</ref> referring to the blotched coloration of the flowers of this species.<ref name="Brown" />
== Distribution and habitat == Warty hammer orchid occurs in the [[Fitzgerald River National Park]] and towards [[Watheroo, Western Australia|Watheroo]]<ref name="Hopper" /> where it grows in sandy soils in [[woodland]].<ref name=FloraBase>{{FloraBase|name=''Drakaea livida''|id =11156}}</ref><ref name=flora>{{cite book|last1=Paczkowska|first1=Grazyna|last2=Chapman|first2=Alex R.|title=The Western Australian flora: a descriptive catalogue|date=2000|publisher=Wildflower Society of Western Australia|location=Perth|isbn=0-646-40243-9|page=85}}</ref>
== Conservation == ''Drakaea livida'' is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.<ref name=FloraBase/>
== References == {{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q15459325}}
[[Category:Drakaea|livida]] [[Category:Orchids of Western Australia]] [[Category:Endemic orchids of Australia]] [[Category:Plants described in 1842]] [[Category:Endemic flora of Western Australia]] [[Category:Taxa named by James Drummond (botanist)]]