{{Short description|Species of orchid endemic to Western Australia}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}} {{Speciesbox | name = Kneeling hammer orchid | image = Drakaea concolor.jpg | status = VU | status_system = EPBC | genus = Drakaea | species = concolor | authority = [[Stephen Hopper|Hopper]] & [[Andrew Phillip Brown|A.P.Br.]]<ref name=APC>{{cite web|title=''Drakaea concolor''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/219741|publisher=Australian Plant Census|accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref> }}
'''''Drakaea concolor''''', commonly known as the '''kneeling hammer orchid''',<ref name="Hopper" /> is a species of [[orchid]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to the south–west of [[Western Australia]]. The species is only known from a few areas in the far west of the state and has been declared "vulnerable" by the Australian Government and "threatened" by the Government of Western Australia.
== Description == ''Drakaea concolor'' is similar to others in the genus in that it has a single, ground hugging leaf and an underground tuber. In this case, the leaf is heart shaped, about {{convert|30|mm|in|sigfig=1}} in diameter, dark green and rather glossy. The leaf veins are inconspicuous. The stem is {{convert|25-30|cm|in|sigfig=2}} long and the stalk of the single flower is {{convert|10-15|mm|in|sigfig=1}} long.<ref name="Hopper" />
Its flower is also similar to those of other hammer orchids in that the labellum resembles a flightless female thynnid wasp however it can be distinguished by lacking a spine on the [[Column (botany)|column]]. The flowers of ''[[Drakaea glyptodon]]'' and ''[[Drakaea elastica]]'' also lack a spine, but can be distinguished from this species by having a light green leaf (''[[Drakaea elastica|D. elastica]]'') or having distinct veins in the leaf (''[[Drakaea glyptodon|D. glyptdon]]''). The [[sepal]] at the back of the flower is {{convert|12-15|mm|in|sigfig=1}} long and the two at the sides are {{convert|10-12|mm|in|sigfig=1}}. The [[petals]] are also {{convert|10-12|mm|in|sigfig=1}} long. The insect-like labellum has a head about half as long as the body and its stalk, measured from the hinge is {{convert|7-8|mm|in|sigfig=2}} long. Unlike some other hammer orchids, the labellum is all the same dark maroon colour. Flowers appear in August and September.<ref name=Hopper>{{cite journal|last1=Hopper|first1=Stephen D.|last2=Brown|first2=Andrew P.|title=A revision of Australia's hammer orchids (Drakaea: Orchidaceae), with some field data on species-specific sexually deceived wasp pollinators|journal=Australian Systematic Botany|date=2007|volume=20|issue=3|pages=262–264|doi=10.1071/SB06033}}</ref>
== Taxonomy and naming == ''Drakaea concolor'' was first formally described by [[Stephen Hopper]] and Andrew Brown in 2007. Their description was published in ''[[Australian Systematic Botany]]''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Drakaea concolor''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/646613 |publisher=APNI|accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref> The [[Botanical nomenclature|specific epithet]] is from the [[Latin]] ''concolor'' and alludes to the uniform dark colour of the labellum.<ref name="A.P.Br.">{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Andrew |last2=Dixon |first2=Kingsley |last3=French |first3=Christopher |last4=Brockman |first4=Garry |title=Field guide to the orchids of Western Australia : the definitive guide to the native orchids of Western Australia |date=2013 |publisher=Simon Nevill Publications |isbn=9780980348149 |page=236}}</ref>
== Distribution and habitat == The kneeling hammer orchid is only known from four areas near [[Geraldton]], [[Kalbarri, Western Australia|Kalbarri]], [[Coorow, Western Australia|Coorow]] and [[Northampton, Western Australia|Northampton]].<ref name=SPRAT>{{cite web|title=''Drakaea concolor'' — Kneeling Hammer-orchid SPRAT profile|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=56777|publisher=Australian Government Department of the Environment|accessdate=11 November 2015}}</ref> Its distribution is the most northerly of the genus. It grows in sand in [[shrubland]] or [[woodland]].<ref name="Hopper" /><ref name=flora>{{cite book|last1=Paczkowska|first1=Grazyna|last2=Chapman|first2=Alex R.|title=The Western Australian flora : a descriptive catalogue|date=2000|publisher=Wildflower Society of Western Australia|location=Perth|isbn=0646402439|page=85}}</ref><ref name=FloraBase>{{FloraBase|name=''Drakaea concolor''|id =13633}}</ref>
== Ecology == The kneeling hammer orchid is similar to other [[Drakaea|hammer orchids]] in that it is [[Pollination|pollinated]] by a single species of male [[Thynnidae|thynnid]] [[wasp]] using sexual deception. The orchid's [[Labellum (botany)|labellum]] is similar in shape and scent to a flightless female thynnid wasp. The kneeling hammer orchid often grows in the same areas as other hammer orchids which are pollinated by a different species of thynnid wasp.<ref name="Hopper" />
== Conservation == In 2008, the total known population of mature, flowering plants in this species was estimated as 120.<ref name="environment (2)">{{cite web|title=Approved Conservation Advice for ''Drakaea concolor'' Hopper & A.P. Brown nom. inval. (Kneeling Hammer-orchid)|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/82035-conservation-advice.pdf|publisher=Government of Australia Department of the Environment|accessdate=11 November 2015}}</ref> The Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife classifies the species as "threatened"<ref name="FloraBase" /> meaning that it is considered likely to become extinct, or rare and in need of special protection.<ref name=codes>{{cite web|title=Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna|url=https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/plants-animals/threatened-species/Listings/Conservation%20code%20definitions.pdf|publisher=Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife|accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref> The Australian Government lists its status under the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act as "vulnerable". The main threats to the species' survival are fire during its growing and flowering stages and grazing or trampling by [[Feral pig|pigs]] and [[Feral goat|goats]] in some habitats.<ref name ="Hopper" /><ref name="SPRAT" />
== References == {{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q15458457}}
[[Category:Drakaea|concolor]] [[Category:Orchids of Western Australia]] [[Category:Endemic orchids of Australia]] [[Category:Plants described in 2007]] [[Category:Endemic flora of Western Australia]] [[Category:Taxa named by Stephen Hopper]]