Convallarioideae

{{Short description|Subfamily of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Convallarioideae | image = Maiglöckchen im Erlbachtal bei Seelitz.jpg | image_caption = ''Convallaria majalis'', the type species of the Convallarioideae | authority = Herb.<ref name=Tropicos_100535272>{{Tropicos|mode=cs1|100535272|Convallarioideae|Herb.|access-date=2025-08-10 }}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See text }}

'''Convallarioideae''' is a monocot subfamily of the family Asparagaceae. It used to be treated as a separate family, '''Ruscaceae''' s.l., but this family was merged into Asparagaceae in the APG III system of 2009. Initially the name '''Nolinoideae''' was used, derived from the type genus ''Nolina''.<ref name="Chase2009"/> This name was supposed to have been published by Burnett in 1935. However, this has been shown to be an error, as Burnett based a subfamily on the Solanaceae genus ''Nolana'' not ''Nolina''.<ref name=TanaNguy23/>

The subfamily includes genera that had been placed in a range of different families, including Ruscaceae s.s., Nolinaceae, Dracaenaceae, Convallariaceae and Eriospermaceae. Like many groups of lilioid monocots, the genera included here were once included in a wide interpretation of the family Liliaceae.<ref name=apw/>

==Taxonomy== In the 2009 APG III system, the former family Ruscaceae was one of those sunk into a much broader family Asparagaceae. As a result, Chase and coauthors proposed a set of subfamilies for the Asparagaceae in 2009, including one they called Nolinoideae, supposedly published by Burnett in 1835 based on the genus ''Nolina''.<ref name=Chase2009/> Many authors have subsequently used this name. However, in 2023, it was pointed out that Burnett actually published a subfamily Nolanoideae within the family Solanaceae, based on the genus ''Nolana''.<ref name=Burn35/><ref name=Tropicos_100535273/><ref name=TanaNguy23/> The earliest published and hence correct name for the subfamily thus becomes Convallarioideae, based on the genus ''Convallaria'',<ref name=TanaNguy23/> published by William Herbert in 1837,<ref name=Tropicos_100535272/> a conclusion supported by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website {{as of|lc=yes|2025|August}}.<ref name=APweb/>

===Genera=== A possibly incomplete list of the genera included in the Convallarioideae (former Nolinoideae) is given below. The reference is to the source which places the genus in this subfamily. The genera included here have varied widely in their limits and assignment to families and subfamilies; some former family placements other than Convallarioideae (which will be found in the literature) are given below.<ref name="apw"/><ref name="vpfg"/><ref name=GRINquery/>

{| border="0" |'''Genus'''||'''Source'''||'''Tribe'''<ref name="APweb_gen">Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). [https://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/genera/rusceaegen.html "List of Genera in Ruscaceae / Asparagaceae-Nolinoideae"]. ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website''. Retrieved 2025-08-12.</ref> ||'''Former family placement(s) other than Ruscaceae s.l.'''  |- |''Aspidistra'' Ker Gawl. (including ''Antherolophus'' Gagnep., ''Colania'' Gagnep.)||<ref name=Chase2009/>||Convallarieae||Convallariaceae |- |''Beaucarnea'' Lem.||<ref name=GRINquery/>||Nolineae||Dracaenaceae, Agavaceae |- |''Comospermum'' Rauschert||<ref name=Chase2009/>||?||Anthericaceae |- |''Convallaria'' L.||<ref name=Chase2009/>||Convallarieae||Convallariaceae |- |''Danae'' Medik.||<ref name=Chase2009/>||Rusceae|| |- |''Dasylirion'' Zucc.||<ref name=apw/>||Nolineae||Dracaenaceae |- |''Disporopsis'' Hance||<ref name=GRINquery/>||Polygonateae||Convallariaceae |- |''Dracaena'' Vand. ex L. (including ''Sansevieria'' Thunb.)||<ref name=Chase2009/>||Dracaeneae||Dracaenaceae, Agavaceae |- |''Eriospermum'' Jacq.||<ref name=Chase2009/>||Eriospermeae||Eriospermaceae |- |''Heteropolygonatum'' M.N.Tamura & Ogisu||<ref name=GRINquery/>||Polygonateae||Convallariaceae |- |''Liriope'' Lour.||<ref name=apw/>||Ophiopogoneae||Convallariaceae |- |''Maianthemum'' F.H.Wigg. (including ''Oligobotrya'' Baker, ''Smilacina'' Desf.)||<ref name=Chase2009/>||Polygonateae||Convallariaceae |- |''Nolina'' Michx.||<ref name=Chase2009/>||Nolineae||Dracaenaceae |- |''Ophiopogon'' Ker Gawl.||<ref name=Chase2009/>||Ophiopogoneae||Convallariaceae |- |''Peliosanthes'' Andrews||<ref name=Chase2009/>||Ophiopogoneae||Convallariaceae |- |''Polygonatum'' Mill.||<ref name=Chase2009/>||Polygonateae||Convallariaceae |- |''Reineckea'' Kunth||<ref name=GRINquery/>||Convallarieae||Convallariaceae |- |''Rohdea'' Roth (including ''Gonioscypha'' Baker)||<ref name=GRINquery/>||Convallarieae||Convallariaceae |- |''Ruscus'' L.||<ref name=Chase2009/>||Rusceae|| |- |''Semele'' Kunth||<ref name=Chase2009/>||Rusceae|| |- |''Speirantha'' Baker||<ref name=Chase2009/>||Convallarieae||Convallariaceae |- |''Theropogon'' Maxim.||<ref name=GRINquery/>||?||Convallariaceae |- |''Tupistra'' Ker Gawl. (including ''Campylandra'' Baker, ''Tricalistra'' Ridl.)||<ref name=Chase2009/>||Convallarieae||Convallariaceae |}

=== Genera formerly placed in this subfamily === ''Calibanus'' was a former genus that was placed in this subfamily when the APG III system was introduced.<ref name="Chase2009" />''<ref>Calibanus. Kew Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:297730-2</ref>'' Both members of the genus have since been transferred to the genus ''Beaucarnea'' (also a member of the subfamily) after molecular phylogenetic research demonstrated a strong phylogenetic relationship with species of ''Beaucarnea''.<ref>Molecular phylogenetics and morphology of Beaucarnea (Ruscaceae) as distinct from Nolina, and the submersion of Calibanus into Beaucarnea (2014). Rojas-Piña, V., Olson, M.E., Alvarado-Cárdenas, L.O. & Eguiarte, L.E.. Taxon 63: 1193-1211. [Cited as Beaucarnea.]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Beaucarnea Lem. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:24038-1 |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist|refs = <ref name="APweb">Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). [https://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#Convallarioideae "7. Convallarioideae Herbert"]. ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website''. Retrieved 2025-08-06.</ref>

<ref name=Burn35>{{Cite book |last1=Burnett |first1=Gilbert Thomas |date=1835 |title=Outlines of Botany |publication-place=London |publisher=John Churchill |oclc=852811089 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_CUsDAAAAQAAJ_2/page/n803/mode/2up |access-date=2025-08-10 }} pp. 985, 1095, 1106.</ref>

<ref name=Chase2009>{{Cite journal |last1=Chase |first1=M.W. |last2=Reveal |first2=J.L. |last3=Fay |first3=M.F. |year=2009 |title=A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=132–136 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x|name-list-style=amp |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=GRINquery>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxfam.pl |title=Query GRIN Taxonomy for Plants |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=2011-05-27}}</ref>

<ref name=TanaNguy23>{{Cite journal |last1=Tanaka |first1=Noriyuki |last2=Nguyen |first2=Khang Sinh |date=2023 |title=Nolinoideae (Asparagaceae) in APG III needs replacing with Convallarioideae |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=583 |issue=3 |pages=297–299 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.583.3.9 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>

<ref name=Tropicos_100535273>{{Tropicos|mode=cs1|100535273|Nolinoideae|Burnett ex M.W. Chase, Reveal & M.F. Fay|access-date=2025-08-10 }}</ref>

<ref name=apw>{{Cite web |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |date=2001{{ndash}}2011 |title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website |url=http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/ |access-date=2011-05-25 }}</ref>

<ref name="vpfg">{{Cite web |title=Vascular Plant Families and Genera|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |url=http://data.kew.org/vpfg1992/vascplnt.html |access-date=2011-05-17 }}</ref> }}

==External links== {{Commons category|Convallarioideae}} * [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/convalla.htm Convallariaceae], [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/dracaena.htm Dracaenaceae], [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/eriosper.htm Eriospermaceae], [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/nolinace.htm Nolinaceae], [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/ruscacea.htm Ruscaceae] in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). ''[http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ The families of flowering plants]: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.'' Version: 3 May 2006. http://delta-intkey.com * [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10507 Liliaceae in ''Flora of North America''] * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=50244&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser] * [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Ruscaceae links], [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Convallariaceae links], [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Dracaenaceae links], [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Eriospermaceae links] [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Nolinaceae links] at CSDL, Texas

Category:Convallarioideae Category:Asparagales subfamilies