Dove Spring Formation
AgeMiocene
~[1]
PeriodNeogene
RegionCalifornia
CountryUnited States
UnitofRicardo Group[1]
OverliesCudahy Camp Formation[1]
Thickness1,800 meters[1]

The Dove Spring Formation (formerly the Ricardo Formation) is a geologic formation in the western Mojave Desert of California.[1] It preserves fossils dating back to the Miocene epoch of the Neogene period.

Fossil content

Mammals

Bats

Bats reported from the Dove Spring Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
ChiropteraGen. et. sp. undeterminedKern County, California.[1]A bat.

Carnivorans

Carnivorans reported from the Dove Spring Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
BarbourofelisB. osborniKern County, California.[1]Junior synonym of B. whitfordi.
B. whitfordiRed Canyon & other localities, Kern County, California.[2]Teeth & mandible.[2]A barbourofelid.
B. sp.LACM localities 6260 & 1108, Kern County, California.[2]Left partial humerus (LACM 140853) & left distal humerus (LACM 59336).[2]A barbourofelid also found in the Green Valley Formation.
BassariscusB. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A procyonid.
BorophagusB. littoralisRed Rock Canyon, Kern County, California.[3]Left maxillary (LACM 143520).[3]A borophagine dog also found in the Green Valley, Santa Margarita & Chanac formations.
CarpocyonC. robustusKern County, California.[3]Partial skeleton (UCMP 33569).[3]A borophagine dog.
cf. Eomellivoracf. E. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A large mustelid similar to the honey badger.
EpicyonE. aphobusKern County, California.[1]Junior synonym of E. haydeni.
E. haydeniRicardo Fauna, Kern County, California.[3]Skull elements.[3]A borophagine dog.
E. saevusRicardo Fauna, Kern County, California.[1][3]Ramal elements.[3]A borophagine dog.
"Felis""F." sp.Kern County, California.[1]A small felid.
IschyrocyonI. gidleyiLast Chance Gulch, Kern County, California.[4]A bear-dog.
I. mohavensisKern County, California.[1]Junior synonym of I. gidleyi.
LeptocyonL. vaferKern County, California (lower & upper parts of the formation).[1][5]Skull elements.[5]A canine dog.
MartinogaleM. faulliRed Rock Canyon, Kern County, California.[6]A nearly-complete skull (LACM 56230).[6]A skunk.
M. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A skunk.
"Mephitis""M." sp.Kern County, California.[1]A skunk.
MetalopexM. macconnelliRed Rock Canyon, Kern County, California.[5]Skull elements.[5]A fox also found in the Milk Creek Formation & Malheur County, Oregon.
Mustela?M. buwaldiKern County, California.[1]A weasel.
OsteoborusO. diabloensisKern County, California.[1]Junior synonym of Borophagus littoralis.[3]
PseudaelurusP. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A felid.
TomarctusT. robustusKern County, California.[1]Moved to the genus Carpocyon.[3]
T. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A borophagine dog.
"Vulpes""V." sp.Kern County, California.[1]A fox.

Eulipotyphlans

Eulipotyphlans reported from the Dove Spring Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
AlluvisorexA. chasseaeKern County, California.[1]A shrew.
ErinaceidaeErinaceidae "A"Kern County, California.[1]An erinaceid.
LanthanotheriumL. sp.Kern County, California.[1]An erinaceid.
LimnoecusL. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A shrew.
ScapanusS. (Xeroscapheus) shultziKern County, California.[1]A mole.
"Sorex""S." sp.Kern County, California.[1]A shrew.

Lagomorphs

Lagomorphs reported from the Dove Spring Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
HesperolagomysH. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A pika.
HypolagusH. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A leporid.

Proboscideans

Proboscideans reported from the Dove Spring Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
GomphotheriumG. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A gomphothere.
SerbelodonS. burnhamiRicardo, Kern County, California.[1][7]Anterior portion of a mandible (F:AM 18228) & 2 tusk fragments (F:AM 18228A & 18228B).[7]An amebelodontid.

Rodents

Rodents reported from the Dove Spring Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
AcrolophomysA. rhodopetrosTeeth & dentary.[8]A cricetid.
AmmospermophilusA. sp.Kern County, California.[1]An antelope squirrel.
AntecalomysA. coxaeMany teeth.[8]A sigmodontine.
BensonomysB. sp.Kern County, California.[8]Maxillae, a dentary & teeth.[8]A sigmodontine.
CopemysC. dentalisKern County, California.[1]Dentaries & teeth.[8]A cricetid.
C. cf. C. longidensKern County, California.[1]A cricetid.
C. russelliKern County, California.[1]A cricetid.
C. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A cricetid.
C. sp., cf. C. dentalisTeeth & jaw elements.[8]A cricetid.
CupidinimusC. avawatzensisKern County, California.[1]A heteromyid also found in the Avawatz Formation.
C. tertiusKern County, California.[1]A heteromyid.
C. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A small heteromyid.
EucastorE. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A castorid.
LeptodontomysL. sp.Kern County, California.[1]An eomyid.
LindsaymysL. takeuchiiKern County, California.[8]Multiple specimens.[8]A cotton rat.
L. sp., cf. L. takeuchiiKern County, California.[8]Multiple teeth.[8]A cotton rat.
L. sp. AKern County, California.[8]Molars.[8]A cotton rat.
L. sp. BKern County, California.[8]Molars.[8]A cotton rat.
ParapliosaccomysP. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A gopher.
ParonychomysP. spp.Kern County, California.[1]A cricetid.
PerognathusP. furlongiKern County, California.[1]A pocket-mouse.
P. minutusKern County, California.[1]A pocket-mouse.
PostcopemysP. sp., cf. P. valensisTeeth & dentary.[8]A cricetid.
ProtospermophilusP. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A squirrel.
Repomys"R." sp.Kern County, California.[1]A cricetid.
cf. R. sp.M2 (LACM 156378).[8]A cricetid.
TamiasT. atelesKern County, California.[1]A chipmunk.
"Thomomys""T." sp.Kern County, California.[1]A gopher.

Ungulates

Ungulates reported from the Dove Spring Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
AphelopsA. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A rhinoceros.
CormohipparionC. occidentaleKern County, California.[1]Isolated teeth & a lower mandible.[9]Remains reassigned to C. sp.[9]
C. sp.El Paso Basin.[9]Isolated teeth & a lower mandible.[9]An equid.
CosoryxC. sp.Kern County, California.[1]An antilocaprid.
DinohippusD. cf. D. leardiKern County, California.[1]An equid.
?Hemiauchenia?H. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A camelid.
HipparionH. forceiKern County, California.[1]An equid.
H. tejonensisKern County, California.[1]An equid.
IlingocerosI. sp.Kern County, California.[1]An antilocaprid.
MegahippusM. cf. M. matthewiKern County, California.[1]An equid.
?Megatylopus?M. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A camelid.
?Michenia?M. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A camelid.
ParacosoryxP. furlongiKern County, California.[1][10]An antilocaprid.
PeracerasP. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A rhinoceros.
PliocerosP. sp.Kern County, California.[1]An antilocaprid.
PliohippusP. tantulusKern County, California.[1]An equid.
P. tejonensisKern County, California.[1]An equid.
?Procamelus?P. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A camelid.
?Prosthennops?P. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A peccary.
TeleocerasT. cf. T. meridianumKern County, California.[1]A rhinoceros.
UstatochoerusU. californicusKern County, California.[1]A merycoidodontid.
U. cf. U. profectusKern County, California.[1]A merycoidodontid.

Reptiles

Birds

Birds reported from the Dove Spring Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
BrantaB. howardaeKern County, California.[1]A goose.
NeophrontopsN. ricardoensisKern County, California.[1]A gypaetine vulture.

Squamates

Squamates reported from the Dove Spring Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
AnguidaeGen. indet.Kern County, California.[1]A very large anguid lizard.
CallisaurusC. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A zebra-tailed lizard.
GerrhonotusG. cf. G. kingiKern County, California.[1]An alligator lizard.
LichanuraL. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A rosy boa.
PaleoheterodonP. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A colubrid snake.
ParacoluberP. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A colubrid snake.
ParagerrhonotusP. ricardensisKern County, California.[1]An anguid lizard.
ProptychophisP. achorisRed Rock Canyon State Park, Kern County, California.[1][11]Numerous vertebrae & the posterior portion of a right maxilla.[11]A colubrid snake.
SceloporusS. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A large spiny lizard.
"Thamnophis""T." sp.Kern County, California.[1]A garter snake.
UmaU. sp.Locality LACM 4702.[12]A partial & fused premaxilla (LACM 159892).[12]A fringe-toed lizard.
?Uta?U. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A side-blotched lizard.
XantusiaX. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A night lizard.

Testudines

Testudines reported from the Dove Spring Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
ClemmysC. sp.Kern County, California.[1]An emydine turtle.
GeocheloneG. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A tortoise.
?Gopherus?G. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A gopher tortoise.

Amphibians

Amphibians reported from the Dove Spring Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
BatrachosepsB. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A lungless salamander.
BufonidaeKern County, California.[1]A true toad.
cf. Ensatinacf. E. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A lungless salamander.
RanidaeKern County, California.[1]A true frog.

Fish

Fish reported from the Dove Spring Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
EmpetrichthysE. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A splitfin.

Plants

Plants reported from the Dove Spring Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
AcaciaA. sp.Kern County, California.[1]An acacia.
CeanothusC. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A buckbrush.
CupressusC. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A cypress tree.
LyciumL. sp.Kern County, California.[1]A box thorn.
PalmoxylodonP. mohavensisKern County, California.[1]A palm.
PinusP. kelloggiiKern County, California.[1]A pine.
QuercusQ. ricardensisKern County, California.[1]An oak tree.
RobiniaR. alexanderiKern County, California.[1]A legume.

See also

References

  1. ^ Whistler, David P. & Burbank, D. (1992). "Miocene biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Dove Spring Formation, Mojave Desert, California, and characterization of the Clarendonian mammal age (late Miocene) in California". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 104 (6): 644–658. Bibcode:1992GSAB..104..644W. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<0644:MBABOT>2.3.CO;2. S2CID 130575409
  2. ^ Tseng, Zhijie J.; Takeuchi, Gary T.; Wang, Xiaoming (2010-01-29). "Discovery of the upper dentition of Barbourofelis whitfordi (Nimravidae, Carnivora) and an evaluation of the genus in California". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (1): 244–254. doi:10.1080/02724630903416001. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 21713508
  3. ^ Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H.; Taylor, Beryl E. (1999). "Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae).". Bulletin of the AMNH. ' (243): 9–391. hdl:2246/1588
  4. ^ Hunt, Robert (1998-01-01). "Amphicyonidae". Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum
  5. ^ Tedford, Richard H.; Wang, Xiaoming; Taylor, Beryl E. (2009). Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora, Canidae). (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 325). [New York] : American Museum of Natural History. hdl:2246/5999
  6. ^ Wang, Xiaoming; Whistler, David P.; Takeuchi, Gary T. (2005). "A New Basal Skunk Martinogale (Carnivora, Mephitinae) from Late Miocene Dove Spring Formation, California, and Origin of New World Mephitines". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (4): 936–949. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0936:ANBSMC2.0.CO;2]. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 4524520. S2CID 21747985
  7. ^ Osborn, Henry Fairfield; Blick, John C.; Frick, Childs (June 1933). "Serbelodon burnhami, a new shovel-tusker from California.". American Museum Novitates. ' (639): 1–5. hdl:2246/2061
  8. ^ Thomas S. Kelly & David P. Whistler (2014). "New late Miocene (latest Clarendonian to early Hemphillian) cricetid rodents from the upper part of the Dove Spring Formation, Mojave Desert, California". Paludicola. 10 (1): 1–48.
  9. ^ Woodburne, Michael O. (2007). "Phyletic diversification of the Cormohipparion occidentale complex (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae), late Miocene, North America, and the origin of the Old World Hippotherium datum ; Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 306". hdl:2246/5872
  10. ^ Prothero, Donald R. & Foss, Scott E. (2007-12-17). The Evolution of Artiodactyls. JHU Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-8018-8735-2.
  11. ^ Whistler, David P. & Wright, John W. (1989). "A Late Miocene Rear-Fanged Colubrid Snake from California with Comments on the Phylogeny of North American Snakes". Herpetologica. 45 (3): 350–367. ISSN 0018-0831. JSTOR 3892892
  12. ^ Scarpetta, Simon G. (2019-09-06). "The first known fossil Uma: ecological evolution and the origins of North American fringe-toed lizards". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 19 (1): 178. doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1501-5. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 6729053. PMID 31492110