{{Short description|Island in South Australia}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}} {{Use Australian English|date= May 2015}} {{Infobox islands | name = Dorothee Island | map = South Australia
| map_caption = | location = [[Great Australian Bight]] | area_ha = 56 | area_footnotes =<ref name=Robinson201>Robinson et al, 1996, page 201</ref> | elevation_m = 140 | elevation_footnotes =<ref name=Robinson201/> | country = [[Australia]] | coordinates = {{coord|-33.742752|134.284829|type:isle_region:AU-SA|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | population = }} '''Dorothee Island''' ({{langx|fr| Ile Dorothee}}) is an [[island]] in the [[Australia|Australian state]] of [[South Australia]] which is part of the [[Pearson Isles]] which itself is part of the larger island grouping known as the [[Investigator Group]]. It is located about {{convert|69|km|abbr=off}} west south-west of [[Cape Finniss]] on the west coast of [[Eyre Peninsula]]. It was discovered as part of the Pearson Isles by [[Matthew Flinders]] on 13 February 1802. The island was given its name in August 1969 in order to preserve a name used within the locality by the [[Baudin expedition to Australia|Baudin expedition]]. The island has enjoyed [[protected area]] status since at least 1972 and since 2011, it been part of the [[Investigator Group Wilderness Protection Area]].
==Description== Dorothee Island is located about {{convert|4|km|abbr=off}} south of Pearson Island and about {{convert|69|km|abbr=off}} west-southwest of Cape Finniss on the west coast of the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. It is part of the island group known as the Pearson Isles. The island has an area of about {{Convert|56|ha|abbr=off}}. The island has undergone extensive erosion with the result that a large crevasse bisects the island in the east-west direction, forming a pair of peaks. The north side reaches a height of {{convert|140|m|abbr=off}} while the south side reaches a height of {{convert|102|m|abbr=off}}. The top of both peaks each “retains some pockets of soil, predominantly coarse and granitic but with small patches of calcareous sandy loam”. The island’s east coast is reported in 1996 as providing “enough shelter to allow a cautious landing in all but severe swells”.<ref name=Robinson201/><ref name=RAN>RAN, 1979</ref>
==Formation, geology and oceanography== {{further|Pearson Isles#Formation, geology and oceanography}} Dorothee Island was formed along with the rest of the Pearson Isles about 10,500 years ago following the rise of sea levels at the start of the [[Holocene]].<ref>Robinson et al, 1996, Pages 11 & 13</ref> Geologically, Dorothee Island and the other parts of the Pearson Isles are the summits of an [[inselberg]] partially concealed by sea level rise.<ref name=Robinson196>Robinson et al, 1996, page 196</ref> Dorothee Island’s southern and western sides fall to water depths greater than {{convert|50|m|abbr=off}} within {{convert|500|m|abbr=off}} from its shoreline.<ref name=RAN/><ref>Baker (Part 2), 2004, page 59</ref>
==Flora and fauna==
===Flora=== As of 1996, Dorothee Island retained significant soil around its twin peaks and shelter to support the following five [[plant associations]] which are informed by the specific characteristics of the soil and the associated exposure to the elements.<ref name=Robinson201/><ref name=Robinson481>Robinson et al, 1996, pages 481-482</ref> The deepest and the most sheltered granitic soils are vegetated by a [[heath]] dominated by [[Olearia ramulosa|twiggy daisy-bush]] followed by other heath species such as [[common correa]], [[Dianella revoluta|black-anther flax lily]] and [[Leucopogon parviflorus|coast beard-heath]] as well as two small patches of [[Paraserianthes lophantha|Cape Leeuwin wattle]]. A “[[calcareous]] [[sand]]y [[loam]]” associated with the central crevasse on the northern half of the island supports a [[Atriplex cinerea|grey saltbush]] heath. The granitic soils associated with the island’s southern peak support a shrubland of [[Atriplex paludosa|marsh saltbush]] that forms a perimeter around the twiggy daisy-bush confined to the peak. The thinnest soils support [[herbfield]]s dominated by [[Pelargonium australe|rosy stork's bill]]. Soils at top of the granite ridges closest to the sea are occupied by herblands of [[Disphyma crassifolium|round-leaved pigface]].
===Fauna=== [[Vertebrate]] animals observed on the island include mammals, birds and reptiles. As of 1980 and 1990, mammals are represented by [[New Zealand fur seal]]s and [[Australian sea lion]]s who use the island as a [[haul-out]] site. Observations of both species published in 2014 advise that only fur seals have been using the island in the recent past as a breeding colony.<ref name = Robinson201/><ref>DEH, 2006, page 64</ref><ref name= Robinson383>Robinson et al, 1996, pages 383</ref><ref>Goldsworthy et al, 2013, page 2</ref><ref>Shaughnessy et al, 2014, page 31</ref> As of 2006, birds were represented by the following species: [[Nankeen kestrel]], [[Australian raven]], [[Eastern barn owl|barn owl]], [[black cormorant]], [[Cape Barren geese]], [[common starling]], [[crested tern]], [[Pacific swift|fork-tailed swift]], [[house sparrow]], [[masked lapwing]], [[Pacific gull]], [[rock parrot]], [[ruddy turnstone]], [[short-tailed shearwater]], [[silvereye]], [[silver gull]], [[welcome swallow]], [[white-faced heron]], [[white-faced storm petrel]] and breeding populations of the following species: [[little penguin]], [[sooty oystercatcher]], [[white-faced storm petrel]] and [[short-tailed shearwater]].<ref>DEH, 2006, pages 65-71</ref> As of 2006, reptiles were represented by the following species: [[Ctenophorus fionni|peninsula dragon]] and [[four-toed earless skink]].<ref>DEH, 2006, page 72</ref>
==History==
===European discovery=== Dorothee Island is part of the island group which was first sighted by [[Matthew Flinders]] on Saturday, 13 February 1802 and who subsequently named the group as the Pearson Isles on the same day.<ref>Flinders, 1814 (1966), page 223</ref>
===Scientific research=== Dorothee Island is one of a number of islands in South Australia where specifically marked locations known as “photopoints” have been established for photographing vegetation at periodic intervals in order to identify changes occurring in the absence of a permanent human presence or introduced pests such as rabbits.<ref>DEH, 2006, page 19</ref>
==Nomenclature== {{further|Pearson Isles#Nomenclature}} The island was officially named as Dorothee Island, being the anglicised version of “Ile Dorothee”, in August 1969 by the [[Government of South Australia|South Australian government]] in response to the following recommendation made by the Nomenclature Committee in 1965 within the then Department of Lands:<ref>Manning, 2006, pages 131 & 435</ref><ref name=RSSA121>RSSA, 1971, page 121</ref><blockquote>The Committee recommends the adoption of the names "[[Veteran Isles]]" for the two small islands in the Pearson Islands and "Dorothee Island" for the southernmost island in this group. It is with some reservations that the Committee makes this recommendation as these names were first used on the chart of [[Nicolas Baudin|Captain Baudin's]] voyage prepared by [[François Péron|F Peron]] and [[Louis de Freycinet|L de Freycinet]] and difficulty is experienced in relating islands shown in this chart to present day [[Admiralty Chart]]s but as these names do not appear on modern charts this recommendation is a means of perpetuating them in the general area of the first use'.</blockquote>
==Protected areas status== {{further|Investigator Group Wilderness Protection Area}} Dorothee Island is first mentioned as specifically receiving [[protected area]] status in 1972 as part of the [[Investigator Group Conservation Park]] proclaimed under the ''[[National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972]]'' for the purpose of protecting “delicate island ecology and Australian sea lion and New Zealand fur seal haul-out areas”. On 25 August 2011, it was one of the islands excised from the Investigator Group Conservation Park to form the Investigator Group Wilderness Protection Area.<ref name=Robinson145>Robinson et al, 1996, page 145</ref><ref name=DEH6>DEH, 2006, page 6</ref><ref>WAC, 2013, pages 16-17</ref> Since 2012, the waters adjoining Dorothee Island have been part of a sanctuary zone in the [[Investigator Marine Park]].<ref name=DEWNR2012>DEWNR, 2012, page 22 of 26</ref>
==See also== *[[List of islands of Australia]] *[[List of little penguin colonies]] *[[Investigator Islands Important Bird Area]]
==Citations== {{reflist|30em}}
==References== *{{cite book|last=Baker|first=J.L|title=Towards a System of Ecologically Representative Marine Protected Areas in South Australian Marine Bioregions - Technical Report. Part 2|year=2004|publisher=Department for Environment and Heritage, South Australia.|url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/fb88fcf1-1aaa-41d9-8a5d-9e2500c89bab/part_2.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Island Parks of Western Eyre Peninsula Management Plan |author=Anon |year=2006 |publisher=Department for Environment and Heritage (DEH), South Australia |location=Adelaide |isbn=1-921238-18-6 |url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/570dd7a4-2986-4563-ae90-9e4f00b22af4/WESTEYRE_IP.pdf}} *{{cite book |title=Investigator Marine Park Management Plan 2012|year=2012 |publisher=Department for Environment Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR) |url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/3e8d3aff-c9fa-4be9-8c56-a117009e0e88/mp-gen-4investigator-managementplan.pdf}} *{{cite book| last = Flinders| first = Matthew| author-link = Matthew Flinders| title = A Voyage to Terra Australis : undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country, and prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802, and 1803 in His Majesty's ship the Investigator, and subsequently in the armed vessel Porpoise and Cumberland Schooner; with an account of the shipwreck of the Porpoise, arrival of the Cumberland at Mauritius, and imprisonment of the commander during six years and a half in that island.| url= http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=1486723&pageno=223| access-date= 5 January 2014| edition= Facsimile| year= 1966| orig-year= 1814| publisher= Libraries Board of South Australia| location= Adelaide }} *{{cite book|last1=Goldsworthy|first1=S.D.|last2=Mackay|first2=A.I.|last3=Shaughnessy|first3=P.D.|last4=Bailleul|first4=F.|last5=McMahon|first5=C.R.|title=Maintaining the monitoring of pup production at key Australian sea lion colonies in South Australia (2013/14). Final Report to the Australian Marine Mammal Centre. SARDI Publication No. F2010/000665-4. SARDI Research Report Series No. 818.|date=December 2014|publisher=South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences)|location=Adelaide|url=http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/239987/ASL_Pup_Production_Report_-_FINAL.pdf|access-date=20 April 2015}} *{{Citation | author1=Manning, Geoffrey H | title=Manning's place names of South Australia from Aaron Creek to Zion Hill | date=2006 | publisher=Gould Books | edition=[Extended and rev. ed.] | isbn=978-0-947284-60-2 }} *{{cite book | last1 = A.C. | first1 = Robinson | first2 = P.| last2 = Canty | first3 =T. | last3 = Mooney |first4=P. |last4= Rudduck | title = South Australia's offshore islands | location = Canberra | publisher = Australian Heritage Commission |url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf | date = 1996 | isbn = 0-644350-11-3 }} *{{cite book|last= Royal Australian Navy (RAN) Hydrographic Service Hydrographic Department|title=Streaky Bay to Whidbey Islands (chart no. Aus 342)|date=1979}} *{{cite journal | title = The Flora and Fauna of Nuyts Archipelago and the Investigator Group | journal = Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia | volume = 47 | pages = 79–366| publisher = [[Royal Society of South Australia]] (RSSA)| location = Adelaide | date = 22 December 1923 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108497| access-date = 10 May 2015 }} *{{cite journal | title = Pearson Island Expedition 1969 | journal = Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia | volume = 4 | issue = Part 3 | pages = 121–183| publisher = [[Royal Society of South Australia]] (RSSA)| location = Adelaide | date = 15 October 1971 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127776#page/1/mode/1up | access-date = 10 January 2015 }} *{{cite book|last1=Shaughnessy|first1=P.D.|last2=Goldsworthy|first2=S.D.|last3=Mackay|first3=A.I.|title=Status and trends in abundance of New Zealand fur seal populations in South Australia. Final report to the Australian Marine Mammal Centre. SARDI Publication No. F2014/000338-1. SARDI Research Report Series No. 781|date=June 2014|publisher=South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences) |location=Adelaide|url=http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/232394/NZ_Fur_Seals_Survey_2013-14_Report_-_FINAL.pdf|access-date=20 April 2015}} *{{cite journal|title=Wilderness Advisory Committee Annual Report 2012-13 (WAC)|journal=Annual Report |date=September 2013|pages=16–17|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5ad5624b-73b3-4284-86e0-a28900c9111c/wilderness-annual-report-2012-13-rep.pdf|publisher=Department for Environment Water and Natural Resources |access-date=17 March 2014|issn=1832-9357}}
{{Islands of South Australia |state=collapsed}} {{AusplacesnamedbyFrench |state=autocollapse}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dorothee Island}} [[Category:Islands of South Australia]] [[Category:Uninhabited islands of Australia]] [[Category:Great Australian Bight]]