{{Short description|British flying ace (1920–1990)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}} {{EngvarB|date=June 2017}} {{more citations needed|date=February 2013}} {{Infobox military person |name= Donald Ernest Kingaby |image= Royal Air Force Fighter Command, 1939-1945. CH13615.jpg |image_size= |alt= |caption= Kingaby during the Second World War |nickname= Don |birth_date= {{birth date|df=yes|1920|1|7}} |birth_place= [[Holloway, London|Holloway]], London, England |death_date= {{death date and age|df=yes|1990|12|31|1920|1|7}} |death_place= [[Westfield, Massachusetts]], U.S. |burial_place= |allegiance= United Kingdom |branch= [[Royal Air Force]] |service_years= 1939–1958 |rank= [[Wing commander (rank)|Wing Commander]] |unit= |commands= [[No. 72 Squadron RAF]] (1949–52)<br/>Hornchurch Wing (1943)<br/>[[No. 122 Squadron RAF]] (1942–43) |battles= [[Second World War]] * [[Battle of Britain]] * [[Western Front (World War II)|Channel Front]] |awards= [[Distinguished Service Order]]<br/>[[Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)|Air Force Cross]]<br/>[[Distinguished Flying Medal]] & [[Medal bar|Two Bars]]<br/>[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] (United States)<br/>[[Croix de guerre (Belgium)|Croix de guerre]] (Belgium) |relations= |other_work= }} '''Donald Ernest Kingaby''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|DSO|AFC|DFM2}} (7 January 1920 – 31 December 1990) was a [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) aviator and [[flying ace]] of the Second World War. He was the only person to be awarded the [[Distinguished Flying Medal]] three times.
During an operational career of some 300 operations, Kingaby scored 21 air victories against enemy aircraft, as well as two shared victories, six probables and 11 damaged during the war.{{sfnp|Price|1997|page=10}} 14 of his solo victories came against the [[Messerschmitt Bf 109]].<ref name="SBonge">{{cite web |url= http://www.350sqn.be/biography/Kingaby%20Donald.htm |title=Kingaby, Donald Ernest (NCO RAF n°112406) |first=Serge |last=Bonge |work=350 (Belgian) Squadron – Royal Air Force |year=2014 |access-date=4 April 2015}}</ref>
==Early life== Kingaby was born in Holloway, London, on 7 January 1920, the son of clergyman. Before the war he worked for an insurance company.<ref name="SBonge"/> He attended [[King's Ely]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Battle of Britain London Monument - Sgt. D E Kingaby |url=https://www.bbm.org.uk/airmen/kingaby.htm |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=www.bbm.org.uk}}</ref>
==RAF career== Kingaby joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve in April 1939 when 19 years old. In June 1940, as a sergeant pilot, he joined [[No. 266 Squadron RAF|No. 266 Squadron]] flying the [[Supermarine Spitfire]] Mark I. During the initial stages of the [[Battle of Britain]] he damaged two [[Junkers Ju 88]] bombers and a Bf 110 fighter before being transferred to [[No. 92 Squadron RAF|No. 92 Squadron]], in September 1940. A Bf 109 of 4./JG 26 was claimed on 30 September, while Kingaby claimed four enemy aircraft, (three Bf 109s) in the second half of October. In November he shot down six Bf 109s, four of them (including 1 'probable') in a single day on 15 November.
During 1941 RAF Fighter Command went onto the offensive with its fighter sweeps over occupied Europe. With 92 Squadron, Kingaby claimed a dozen more kills and was dubbed by the press the "109 specialist". On 22 November 1941, he was granted an emergency commission as a [[pilot officer]] (probationary), and rested from operations.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=35408 |page=142 |date=6 January 1942 |nolink=yes}}</ref>
In March 1942 he was back on operations with [[No. 111 Squadron RAF|No. 111 Squadron]]. That April, Kingaby joined [[No. 64 Squadron RAF|No. 64 Squadron]], with which he shot down another couple of German fighters. He was promoted to the war-substantive rank of [[flying officer]] on 30 June.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=35709 |supp=y|page=4064 |date=15 September 1942 |nolink=yes}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |date=13 October 1942 |supp=y |issue=35747 |page=4490 |nolink=yes}}</ref> Later in the year Kingaby was posted to [[No. 122 Squadron RAF|No. 122 Squadron]] as [[flight commander]] and then squadron commander. On 20 January 1943 Kingaby shot down ''[[Unteroffizier]]'' Helmut Peters of 6 ''[[Staffel (Luftwaffe)|Staffel]]'' ''[[Jagdgeschwader 26]]'' (JG 26), who was [[killed in action]].{{sfnp|Caldwell|2012|page=16}} On 2 February, he was promoted to [[flight lieutenant]] (war-substantive).<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=36075 |supp=y|page=2984 |date=29 June 1943 |nolink=yes}}</ref> In March, he was promoted to lead the "[[Hornchurch Wing]]".
After a rest period at Fighter Command HQ he was back as a wing leader in the summer of 1944 over the invasion beaches of France. His last kill was a share in a Bf 109 on 30 June, bringing his total to 21. On 24 July, he was promoted to the rank of [[squadron leader]] (war substantive),<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=36722 |page=4483 |date=26 September 1944 |nolink=yes}}</ref> and was posted to the Advanced Gunnery School at [[RAF Catfoss]], remaining there until the end of the war.<ref name="SBonge"/> An acting [[Wing commander (rank)|wing commander]] at the war's end, Kingaby was awarded the [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] from the United States Government on 15 May 1945,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=37080 |supp=y|page=2530 |date=11 May 1945 |nolink=yes}}</ref> and the ''[[Croix de guerre (Belgium)|Croix de guerre]]'' from Belgium on 15 June.<ref>{{London Gazette |date=12 June 1945 |supp=y| issue=37132 |page=3135 |nolink=yes}}</ref>
After the war, Kingaby was granted a permanent commission as a flight lieutenant in the RAF on 29 November 1946,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=37851 |supp=y|page=269 |date=10 January 1947 |nolink=yes}}</ref> with seniority from 1 September 1945,<ref>{{London Gazette |date=25 February 1947 |supp=y |issue=37892 |page=974 |nolink=yes}}</ref> but retained his war substantive rank of squadron leader until 1 January 1948,<ref>{{London Gazette |date=13 February 1948 |supp=y |issue=38209 |page=1121 |nolink=yes}}</ref> then spent a year as a flight lieutenant before being promoted to the permanent rank of squadron leader on 1 January 1949.<ref>{{London Gazette |date=28 December 1948 |supp=y |issue=38490 |pages=6721–6722 |nolink=yes}}</ref> From February 1949 until April 1952 he commanded [[No. 72 Squadron RAF|No. 72 Squadron]], flying the [[de Havilland Vampire]].<ref name="SBonge"/> On 5 June 1952 he was awarded the [[Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)|Air Force Cross]].<ref name="AFC">{{London Gazette |date=30 May 1952 |supp=y |issue=39555 |page=3040 |nolink=yes}}</ref>
==Later life== He served in the RAF until his retirement on 29 September 1958, retaining the rank of wing commander.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=41509 |supp=y|page=5966 |date=26 September 1958 |nolink=yes}}</ref> Kingaby subsequently moved to the United States, where he resided until his death in [[Massachusetts]] on New Year's Eve 1990.
==Awards and citations== ;Distinguished Flying Medal :745707 Sergeant Donald Ernest Kingaby, Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, No. 92 Squadron.
<blockquote>This airman has displayed great courage and tenacity in his attacks against the enemy. He has destroyed at least nine hostile aircraft, four of which he shot down in one day.<ref>{{London Gazette |date=6 December 1940 |issue=35009 |page=6938 |nolink=yes}}</ref></blockquote>
;Bar to the Distinguished Flying Medal :745707 Sergeant Donald Ernest Kingaby, DFM, Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, No. 92 Squadron.
<blockquote>This airman pilot has continued to prove himself a very able section leader who fights with coolness and courage. He has now destroyed at least fourteen enemy aircraft and damaged others.<ref>{{London Gazette |date=29 July 1941 |issue=35232 |page=4377 |nolink=yes}}</ref></blockquote>
;Second bar to the Distinguished Flying Medal :745707 Flight Sergeant Donald Ernest Kingaby, DFM, Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, No 92 Squadron.
<blockquote>This airman leads his section – and occasionally the flight, with great skill and courage. He has participated in 36 operational sorties during which he has destroyed 17, probably destroyed 6 and damaged a further 7 enemy aircraft. Flight Sergeant Kingaby has at all times displayed the greatest determination and sound judgment, combined with a high standard of operational efficiency.<ref>{{London Gazette |date=7 November 1941 |supp=y |issue=35341 |page=6491 |nolink=yes}}</ref></blockquote>
;Distinguished Service Order :Acting Squadron Leader Donald Ernest Kingaby, DFM, (112406), Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, No. 122 Squadron.
<blockquote>Squadron Leader Kingaby has taken part in more than 300 operational missions, a large number of which have been over enemy territory. Recently, he has led his wing in several engagements during which considerable losses have been inflicted on the enemy. Much of the success achieved can be attributed to Squadron Leader Kingaby's great skill and inspiring leadership. Since being awarded a second bar to the Distinguished Flying Medal he has destroyed 4 enemy aircraft, bringing his victories to 21.<ref>{{London Gazette |date=5 March 1943 |supp=y| issue=35930 |page=1127 |nolink=yes}}</ref></blockquote>
;Air Force Cross :Squadron Leader Donald Ernest Kingaby, DSO DFM, (112406), Royal Air Force. ::No specific citation published in the ''London Gazette''.<ref name="AFC"/>
==References== ;Citations {{Reflist|30em}} ;Bibliography * {{cite book |last=Caldwell |first=Don |title=JG 26 Luftwaffe Fighter Wing War Diary: Volume Two 1943–1945 |publisher=Stackpole Military History Series |location=Mechanicsburg |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-8117-1147-0}} * {{cite book |last=Price |first=Alfred |title=Spitfire Mark V Aces 1941–1945 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=London |year=1997 |isbn=978-1-85532-635-4}} * {{cite book |last=Bowyer |first=Chaz |year=1984 |title=Fighter Pilots of the RAF, 1939–1945 |publisher=William Kimber & Co Ltd |location=London |isbn=978-0-7183-0519-2}}
==External links== * {{cite web |url= http://www.rogerdarlington.me.uk/Spitfire.html |title=The Darlington Spitfire |first=Roger |last=Darlington |work=rogerdarlington.me.uk |year=2010 |access-date=4 April 2015}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.bbm.org.uk/kingaby.htm |title=Sgt. D E Kingaby |work=Battle of Britain London Monument |year=2014 |access-date=4 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105235001/http://www.bbm.org.uk/kingaby.htm |archive-date=5 January 2009 }}
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