{{Short description|American geologist}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Donald Canfield | birth_name = Donald Eugene Canfield | native_name_lang = | image = <!--(filename only, i.e. without "File:" prefix)--> | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age |1957|11|14}} | birth_place = | death_date = <!--{{death date and age |YYYY|MM|DD |YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date)--> | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}--> | other_names = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = {{Plainlist| * Geobiology<ref name=nas/> * Oceanography * Biogeochemistry}} | workplaces = {{Plainlist| * Ames Research Center<ref name=pnasprofile/> * Aarhus University<ref name=cv/> * University of Michigan<ref name=cv/> * Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology<ref name=cv/> * Georgia Institute of Technology<ref name=cv/> * University of Southern Denmark}} | patrons = | education = | alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * Miami University (BS)<ref name=pnasprofile/> * Yale University (PhD)}} | thesis_title = Sulfate reduction and the diagenesis of iron in anoxic marine sediments | thesis_url = http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40356769 | thesis_year = 1988 | doctoral_advisor = Robert Berner<ref name=berner>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1038/518484a | pmid = 25719659 | title = Robert A. Berner (1935–2015) Geochemist who quantified the carbon cycle | journal = Nature | volume = 518 | issue = 7540 | pages = 484 | year = 2015 | last1 = Canfield | first1 = Donald | author-link1 = Donald Canfield | title-link = Robert Berner | doi-access = free }}</ref> | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = Canfield ocean | awards = Member of the National Academy of Sciences (2007),<ref name=nas>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20014905.html |title=NAS Member Directory: Donald E. Canfield |date=2007 |archive-date=2015-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302041338/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20014905.html}}</ref> knight of the Order of the Dannebrog (2021) | spouse = Marianne prip Olsen<ref name=pnasprofile/> | partner = <!--(or | partners = )--> | children = | signature = <!--(filename only)--> | signature_alt = | website = {{URL|http://www.sdu.dk/staff/dec}} | footnotes = }} '''Donald Eugene Canfield''' (born 1957)<ref name=pnasprofile>{{Cite journal | last1 = Downey | first1 = P. | title = Profile of Donald E. Canfield | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1101311108 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 108 | issue = 8 | pages = 3105–3107 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21321217 | pmc =3044362 | bibcode = 2011PNAS..108.3105D | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=scopus>{{Scopus|id= 35594143600}}</ref> is an American geochemist and Professor of Ecology at the University of Southern Denmark known for his work on the evolution of Earth's atmosphere and oceans.<ref name=cv>{{cite web |url=https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/en/persons/donald-e-canfield |title= Donald Eugene Canfield CV|access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref><ref name=4billion>{{cite book | last=Canfield | first=Donald | title=Oxygen: a four billion year history | publisher=Princeton University Press | location=Princeton | year=2014 | isbn=978-0-691-14502-0 }}</ref><ref name=4billionreview>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1126/science.1248669| title = Breathing Life into Oxygen| journal = Science| volume = 343| issue = 6173| pages = 840| year = 2014| last1 = Fischer | first1 = W. W.| bibcode = 2014Sci...343..840F| s2cid = 51599638}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Falkowski | first1 = P. | last2 = Scholes | first2 = R. J. | last3 = Boyle | first3 = E. | last4 = Canadell | first4 = J. | last5 = Canfield | first5 = D. | last6 = Elser | first6 = J. | last7 = Gruber | first7 = N. | last8 = Hibbard | first8 = K. | last9 = Högberg | first9 = P. | last10 = Linder | first10 = S. | last11 = MacKenzie | first11 = F. T. | last12 = Moore III | first12 = B. | last13 = Pedersen | first13 = T. | last14 = Rosenthal | first14 = Y. | last15 = Seitzinger | first15 = S. | last16 = Smetacek | first16 = V. | last17 = Steffen | first17 = W. | title = The Global Carbon Cycle: A Test of Our Knowledge of Earth as a System | doi = 10.1126/science.290.5490.291 | journal = Science | volume = 290 | issue = 5490 | pages = 291–296 | year = 2000 | pmid = 11030643 | bibcode = 2000Sci...290..291F }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/0009-2541(86)90078-1| title = The use of chromium reduction in the analysis of reduced inorganic sulfur in sediments and shales| journal = Chemical Geology| volume = 54| issue = 1–2| pages = 149–155| year = 1986| last1 = Canfield | first1 = D. E. | last2 = Raiswell | first2 = R. | last3 = Westrich | first3 = J. T. | last4 = Reaves | first4 = C. M. | last5 = Berner | first5 = R. A. | bibcode = 1986ChGeo..54..149C}}</ref><ref name=reactiveiron>{{Cite journal | pmid = 11539783 | year = 1989 | last1 = Canfield | first1 = D. E. | title = Reactive iron in marine sediments | journal = Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta | volume = 53 | issue = 3 | pages = 619–32 | doi=10.1016/0016-7037(89)90005-7 | bibcode = 1989GeCoA..53..619C | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1253882 }}</ref> The Canfield ocean, a sulfidic partially oxic ocean existing during the middle of the Proterozoic eon, is named after him.<ref name=canfieldocean>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1038/24839| year = 1998| last1 = Canfield | first1 = D. E.| journal = Nature|title=A new model for Proterozoic ocean chemistry|department=Letters to Nature| volume = 396| issue = 6710| pages = 450–453| bibcode = 1998Natur.396..450C| s2cid = 4414140}}</ref>
==Education== Canfield was educated at Miami University<ref name=pnasprofile/> and Yale University where he was awarded a PhD for research on diagenesis in marine sediments supervised by Robert Berner in 1988.<ref name=berner/><ref name=phd>{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Donald Eugene|last=Canfield |title=Sulfate reduction and the diagenesis of iron in anoxic marine sediments |publisher=Yale University|date=1988 |oclc=40356769}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.2475/ajs.299.7-9.697| title = The evolution of the sulfur cycle| journal = American Journal of Science| volume = 299| issue = 7–9| pages = 697–723| year = 1999| last1 = Canfield | first1 = D. E.| bibcode = 1999AmJS..299..697C}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | pmid = 11536736 | year = 1996 | last1 = Canfield | first1 = D. E. | title = Late Proterozoic rise in atmospheric oxygen concentration inferred from phylogenetic and sulphur-isotope studies | journal = Nature | volume = 382 | issue = 6587 | pages = 127–32 | last2 = Teske | first2 = A. | doi = 10.1038/382127a0 | bibcode = 1996Natur.382..127C | s2cid = 4360682 }}</ref>
==Career and research== Canfield has been the director of the Nordic Center for Earth Evolution (NordCEE) since August 2006, and works at the University of Southern Denmark. His research investigates the geobiology of ocean chemistry.<ref name=scopus/><ref>{{Cite journal | pmid = 20974919 | pmc = 2973883 | year = 2010 | last1 = Stolper | first1 = D. A. | title = Aerobic growth at nanomolar oxygen concentrations | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 107 | issue = 44 | pages = 18755–60 | last2 = Revsbech | first2 = N. P. | last3 = Canfield | first3 = D. E. | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1013435107 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | pmid = 11542177 | year = 1989 | last1 = Canfield | first1 = D. E. | title = Sulfate reduction and oxic respiration in marine sediments: Implications for organic carbon preservation in euxinic environments | journal = Deep-Sea Research Part A: Oceanographic Research Papers | volume = 36 | issue = 1 | pages = 121–38 | doi=10.1016/0198-0149(89)90022-8 | bibcode = 1989DSRA...36..121C | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1258427 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | pmid = 17158290 | year = 2007 | last1 = Canfield | first1 = D. E. | title = Late-Neoproterozoic deep-ocean oxygenation and the rise of animal life | journal = Science | volume = 315 | issue = 5808 | pages = 92–5 | last2 = Poulton | first2 = S. W. | last3 = Narbonne | first3 = G. M. | doi = 10.1126/science.1135013 | bibcode = 2007Sci...315...92C | s2cid = 24761414 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.2475/ajs.304.10.839| title = The evolution of the Earth surface sulfur reservoir| journal = American Journal of Science| volume = 304| issue = 10| pages = 839–861| year = 2004| last1 = Canfield | first1 = D. E.| bibcode = 2004AmJS..304..839C| doi-access = free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | pmid = 10784446 | year = 2000 | last1 = Canfield | first1 = D. E. | title = The Archean sulfur cycle and the early history of atmospheric oxygen | journal = Science | volume = 288 | issue = 5466 | pages = 658–61 | last2 = Habicht | first2 = K. S. | last3 = Thamdrup | first3 = B. | doi=10.1126/science.288.5466.658 | bibcode = 2000Sci...288..658C }}</ref> Prior to his current position he has worked at the Ames Research Center,<ref name=pnasprofile/> Aarhus University, the University of Michigan, the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Germany and the Georgia Institute of Technology.<ref name=cv/> Author of more than 350 articles. Cited nearly 55,000 times. He is Author of Oxygen: A Four Billion Year History (2014) Princeton University Press.
==Awards and honors== Canfield was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2007.<ref name=pnasprofile/> He was awarded the European Geosciences Union's Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky Medal in 2010.<ref name=egu>{{cite web|url = http://www.egu.eu/awards-medals/awards-and-medals/award/vladimir-vernadsky/donald-canfield.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005070925/http://www.egu.eu/awards-medals/awards-and-medals/award/vladimir-vernadsky/donald-canfield.html| title = Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky Medal 2010 |archive-date = 2011-10-05 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.sdu.dk/E/new/10_Donald_Canfield.html |title=The travelling scientist |access-date=2007-06-30 |author=University of Southern Denmark |date=2005-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911043905/http://www1.sdu.dk/E/new/10_Donald_Canfield.html |archive-date=2007-09-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2021, he was knighted by Queen Margrethe II into the Order of the Dannebrog.<ref>{{cite web | title=DIAS Chairs appointed Knight of The Order of Dannebrog| url=https://www.sdu.dk/en/forskning/dias/news/20210108+dias+chairs+appointed+knight+of+the+order+of+dannebrog |access-date=11 July 2022}}</ref> Canfield is a member of the Royal Society of London, Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, American Geophysical Union, Society for Microbiology, Geochemical society, and American Academy for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Canfield is Chair, Danish Institute of Advanced Study (DIAS). He is the Villum Investigator, 2023.
==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Canfield, Donald}} Category:1957 births Category:Living people Category:American geologists Category:Members of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences