Dollah Darya Khan

{{short description|General of the Samma Dynasty of Sindh}} {{Use Pakistani English|date=December 2024}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = Jam | name = Darya Khan | native_name = {{Lang|bal|دلا دریا هان }} ,{{Lang|sd|دولہ دریا خان}} | honorific_suffix = | image = | caption = | image_size = | office = [[Regent]] of the [[Samma Dynasty|Samma Ruler]] | term_start = 1490 | term_end = 1512 | monarch = [[Jam Feroz]], [[Jam Nizamuddin II]] | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = 1521 | death_place = [[Thatta|Fatehpur]], [[Sindh]], [[Samma Dynasty]] | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | birth_name = | other_party =  | spouse = | partner =  | relations = | children = Mahmud Khan Qabulio, Motan/Matin Khan Qabulio | occupation = General, Noble, Courtman | profession =  | allegiance = | branch = Qabulio Samma | service_years = 1490–1521 | rank = Commanding General | unit = | commands = Samma Army | battles = [[Battle of Jalwakhir]]<br />[[Battle of Fatehpur (1519)|Battle of Fatehpur]] | awards = }} {{baloch people}} '''Dollah Darya Khan''' ({{Langx|sd|دولہ دریا خان}}:{{langx|bal|دلا دريا هان }}) was a general in the [[Samma Dynasty]] of [[Sindh]] era, a statesman and regent at the court of Samma ruler [[Jam Feroz]].<ref name=": Unesco">{{Cite book |last1=Seyfeydinovich|first1=Asimov, Muhammad |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/History_of_civilizations_of_Central_Asia/18eABeokpjEC?hl=en&gbpv=0|title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia Volume 3 |date=1992|publisher= Unesco Publishing|page=302}}</ref><ref name="UNESCO">{{cite book |last1=Baloch |first1=N. A. |last2=Rafi |first2=A. Q. |title=History of civilizations of Central Asia, v. 4: THE REGIONS OF SIND, BALUCHISTAN, MULTAN AND KASHMIR: THE HISTORICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SETTING |date=1998 |publisher=Unesco |isbn=978-92-3-103467-1 |page=305 |url=https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/default/files/knowledge-bank-article/vol_IVa%20silk%20road_the%20regions%20of%20sind%2C%20baluchistan%2C%20multan%20and%20kashmir.pdf}}</ref><ref name=": Khurshid ">{{Cite book |last1= Hasan|first1=Shaikh Khurshid |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/History_of_Civilizations_of_Central_Asia/o_RtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=bolan|title=Chaukhandi Tombs in Pakistan |date=1996|publisher=Royal Book Company|page=10,87,96,166|isbn=9789694072081}}</ref>

Darya Khan was killed in action in the [[Battle of Fatehpur (1519)|Battle of Fatehpur]] when an arrow struck his throat, thus ending the reign of Jam Feroz as an independent ruler.{{cn|date=July 2024}}

==Military service== Darya Khan was a prominent statesman and military commander in the [[Samma dynasty|Samma period of Sindh]]. Originally purchased as a youth by [[Jam Nizamuddin I|Jam Nizamuddin]] (Jam Nindo) from Diwan Lakhdir. He rose to the position of Prime Minister and Commander in Chief According to a traditional tribal account of Lashari Baluch, as put by Dr. N.A. Baloch Darya Khan belonged to the [[Lashari]] branch of the [[Baloch people|Baloch]] and was descended from Mir Fateh Khan Lashari, who is said to have been the chief of a territory situated between [[Sistan]] and [[Makran]].<ref name=": Samma2">{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/History_of_civilizations_of_Central_Asia/18eABeokpjEC?hl=en&gbpv=0|title=The Samma Kingdom of Sindh |date=2006|publisher= Institute of Sindhology, University of Jamshoro|pages=107,110,118,133,135|isbn=9789694050782}}</ref> One other version says infact he belonged to Darya Khan came from Sindhi origin belonging to Qabuliyo tribe, was settled in Gaha village referred to as "Kahan" where he was granted huge lands (Jagir) by Jam Nizamuddin in present Dadu district, where Qabuliyo tribe is still living in the same vicinity. Thus one can say that, Darya Khan originally belonged to Qabuliyo tribe of Sindhi origin.<ref name=": Samma2" /> Some sources say he was a Syed.<ref name=": Samma2" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Pakistan Historical |url=https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/Quarterly_Journal_of_the_Pakistan_Histor/tOUvAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Darya+Khan+Qabuliyo&dq=Darya+Khan+Qabuliyo&printsec=frontcover |title=Quarterly Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society |date=2005 |publisher=Pakistan Historical Society. |pages=55 |language=en}}</ref>

In the [[Mughal Empire]] days, [[Sultan Husayn Bayqara]], of [[Khorasan|Khurasan]], responding to complaints of the Central Asian merchants of Herat and Qandhar that they had been looted by [[Sindhis]], sent an armed expedition to the Sind border. A declaration of victory was issued in [[Herat]] in 892 A.H. (1487 A.D.). The latter captured Sibi Fort from Bahadur Khan and installed his brother Sultan Mohammad, who was later defeated and killed by Darya Khan near Jalwagir in the Bolan Pass.<ref name=": dani">{{Cite book |last1= Dani|first1=Ahmad Hasan |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/History_of_Civilizations_of_Central_Asia/o_RtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=bolan|title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The age of achievement pt1, pt2 |date=1999|publisher= Motilal Banarsidass|page=303,305}}</ref><ref name=": Samma">{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/History_of_civilizations_of_Central_Asia/18eABeokpjEC?hl=en&gbpv=0 |title=The Samma Kingdom of Sindh |date=2006 |publisher=Institute of Sindhology, University of Jamshoro |pages=107,110,133,135 |isbn=9789694050782}}</ref>

Jam Nizamuddin died after 48 years of rule of Sind and was succeeded by his son Nasiruddin Abul Fatah Feroz Shah-II. At that time, Jam Feroz had neglected affairs of state and refused the advice of Darya Khan, who retired to his Jagir in the village Ghaha (Kahan near Sehwan).<ref name=": Samma "></ref><ref name=":Dayal ">{{Cite book |last1= N Harjani aka DADUZEN|first1=Dayal |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sindhi_Roots_Rituals_Part_1/J4ZlDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1|title=Sindhi Roots & Rituals - Part 1 |date=2018|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=9781642492897}}</ref> These failures brought his defeat at the hands of Salahuddin who became Sindh's ruler. Feroz Shah, along with his mother Madina Machhani went over to Ghaha to Darya Khan, who at the request of Madina agreed to help. He collected troops from Sehwan, but lost to Haji, the Minister of Jam Salahuddin. The Minister's letter about the success fell into the hands of Darya Khan, who replaced it, conveying to Salahuddin that the Minister's forces had been defeated. Darya Khan then moved Feroz Shah to Thatta and installed him as 1st Shawwal, 918 A.H. (2 October 1512 A.D.). Salahuddin then returned to Gujarat. He remained in possession of [[Thatta]] for about eight months and collected a large sum of money from Thatta and organized another battle.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Puri |first1=B. N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7fUHMEDAyEC&q=darya+khan&pg=PA81 |title=A Comprehensive History of India: Comprehensive history of medieval India |last2=Das |first2=M. N. |date=2003-12-01 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-2508-9 |pages=81 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=": Khurshid "></ref>

==Last days of Darya Khan == Records of his last days include:

Tahiri:<br> {{cquote|that the courtiers being jealous of his power and position persuaded Feroz Shah to crush him, but the latter finding himself incapable avoided any direct conflict; so they approached Feroz's mother Madina Machhani advising her to invite the Mongols and Arghuns to free Sindh from the power of Darya Khan. According to this plan, Madina invited Shah Beg from [[Qandahar]]. Shah Beg took the Baghban-Sehwan route and encountered Darya Khan near the 'Khan Wan' canal which he had himself built to irrigate the lands of village Sankorah (Sakro) and other areas (of Thatta and Sakro Talukas). Darya Khan was killed while fighting bravely when an arrow hit him in the throat. Feroz Shah kept aloof.<ref>Channa Mahboob Ali, Mehran, Vol.41, No. 4, 1964, pp. 131-32.</ref> }}

==Shrine == The shrine of Dollah Darya Khan is in [[Makli Necropolis|Makli graveyard]] in [[Thatta]], near the grave of Jam Nizamuddin Samma. An inscription at the north of Mubarak Khan's grave calls him Al Khanul Azam Wa Shahid Mubarak Khan Ibn Sultan Nizamuddin.<ref>{{Cite book |last1= Hasan|first1=Shaikh Khurshid |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/History_of_Civilizations_of_Central_Asia/o_RtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=bolan|title=The Islamic Architectural Heritage of Pakistan |date=2001|publisher=Royal Book Company|page=73|isbn=9789694072623}}</ref> {{cn|date=July 2024}}

== See also ==

* [[Jam Mubarak Khan]] * [[Lashari |Lashari]]

==References== {{Reflist}} {{History of Sindh}}

[[Category:1521 deaths]] [[Category:Year of birth unknown]] [[Category:Baloch people]]